Journal: Advanced Science
Article Title: Topoisomerase I Inhibition in ETV4‐overexpressed Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Promotes Replication and Transcription Mediated R‐Loop Accumulation and DNA Damage
doi: 10.1002/advs.202409307
Figure Lengend Snippet: ETV4 transcriptionally controls key genes involved in DNA replication of NSCLC cells. A) Functional analysis showing the top KEGG pathways that are significantly associated with down‐regulated genes in H1299, H1703, and H358T si‐ETV4 groups normalized to negative control (NC) siRNA groups by Human Microarray ( GSE137445 ). B) Clustering analysis showing the gene signature is enriched in the DNA replication pathway. C) IGV tracks showing the enrichment of ETV4 at the promoter region of MCM2, ‐4, ‐5, ‐10, and ORC1 from ChIP‐seq signals of A549‐shETV4 cells transfected with Flag‐ETV4 plasmids. D) ChIP‐PCR analysis for endogenous or exogenous ETV4 binding to the promoter region of MCM2, ‐4, ‐5, ‐10, and ORC1 genes in H1299 cells using anti‐ETV4 antibody or H358‐ETV4 cells using anti‐Flag antibody. E) Schematic depicting the core motif of ETV4 binding with its target genes, the wild‐type luciferase reporter constructs, and the mutations in the putative ETV4‐binding sites (mut‐1 or mut‐2 type) of MCMs/ORC1 promoter region. F–J) The wild‐type luciferase reporter plasmids of MCMs (ORC1) were co‐transfected along with ETV4, ETV4‐DBD deletion plasmid, or the empty vector into HEK293T cells. The constructed luc‐MCMs (ORC1)‐mut‐1 or ‐mut‐2 type plasmids were co‐transfected along with ETV4 plasmid or the empty vector into HEK293T cells. Relative luciferase activity was normalized against Renilla luciferase activity, respectively (mean ± SD; n = 4; ordinary one‐way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons test). **** p < 0.0001; ### p < 0.001, #### p < 0.0001. K) RT‐qPCR analysis of MCM2, ‐4, ‐5, ‐10, and ORC1 mRNA expression in H1299 cells transfected with ETV4 or NC siRNA, Transcript levels were normalized to ACTB gene expression (mean ± SD, n = 3; two‐tailed unpaired t ‐test). ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001. L) Immunoblots showing MCM2, ‐4, ‐5, ‐10, and ORC1 protein levels in NC and ETV4‐knockdown H1299 cells. M,N) Immunoblots showing the Chromatin‐bound proteins (Chrom.) and unbound proteins (Sol.) levels of MCM2, ‐4, ‐5, ‐10, and ORC1 protein in control and sh‐ETV4 A549 cells, or control and ETV4‐overexpression H358 cells.
Article Snippet: Blots were blocked with 5% nonfat milk in Tris‐Buffered Saline and Tween 20 (TBST), and incubated with antibodies specific for ETV4 (10684‐1‐AP, Proteintech), MCM2 (3619, CST), MCM3 (15597‐1‐AP, Proteintech), MCM4 (13043‐1‐AP, Proteintech), MCM5 (11703‐1‐AP, Proteintech), MCM6 (13347‐2‐AP, Proteintech), MCM7 (11225‐1‐AP, Proteintech), MCM10 (12251‐1‐AP, Proteintech), ORC1 (NBP100‐121, Novus), ORC2 (12739‐1‐AP, Proteintech), ORC3 (sc‐374231, Santa Cruz), ORC4 (13026‐1‐AP, Proteintech), ORC5 (11542‐1‐AP, Proteintech), ORC6 (17784‐1‐AP, Proteintech), Histone‐H3 (17168‐1‐AP, Proteintech), PCNA (13110, CST), phospho‐MCM2 S40 (ab133243, Abcam), CDC45 (15678‐1‐AP, Proteintech), SUPT16H (28598‐1‐AP, Proteintech), SSRP1 (15696‐1‐AP, Proteintech), γ‐H2AX (ET‐1602, HUABio), Flag (14793, CST), His (66005‐1‐Ig, Proteintech), HA (sc‐7392, Santa Cruz), GST (66001‐2‐lg, Proteintech), GAPDH (60004‐1‐Ig, Proteintech) and β‐actin (66009‐1‐Ig, Proteintech) was used as a loading control for Western blot.
Techniques: Functional Assay, Negative Control, Microarray, ChIP-sequencing, Transfection, Binding Assay, Luciferase, Construct, Plasmid Preparation, Activity Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Gene Expression, Two Tailed Test, Western Blot, Knockdown, Control, Over Expression