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a549 hace2 tmprss2 (InvivoGen)

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InvivoGen a549 hace2 tmprss2

Susceptibility of the nine different SARS-CoV-2 strains to inhibitors of <t>TMPRSS2-mediated</t> fusion and cathepsin-mediated endocytosis. SARS-CoV-2 European wild-type (B.1.1), variant-of-concern (VOC) Alpha (B1.1.7 Q27*K68*, B.1.1.7 Q27*), Delta (AY.33), and Omicron (BA.1.17.2, BA.1.1, BA.2.9, BE.1.1, BA.5.1) were propagated in four human cell lines (Calu-3, Caco-2, <t>A549</t> <t>hACE2+/TMPRSS2+</t> , HEK293T) in the presence of increasing concentrations (0.024-100 µM) of camostat, an inhibitor of TMPRSS2-mediated viral direct fusion with cellular membrane (green curve), aloxistatin, an inhibitor of cathepsin-mediated viral endocytic uptake (pink curve), and a 1:1 mixture of both inhibitors (black curve). Viral load was determined in cell culture supernatants 48h p.i. using RT-qPCR and are presented as log 10 RNA copies/ml. Controls included cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the absence of inhibitors (“virus control”, VC), and cells fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and exposed to SARS-CoV-2 (“background control”, BG), shown as dashed horizontal lines. Data show mean and standard error of three independent experiments.

A549 Hace2 Tmprss2, supplied by InvivoGen, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 194 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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1) Product Images from "SARS-CoV-2 evolution enhances endocytic uptake while preserving TMPRSS2-dependent fusion"

Article Title: SARS-CoV-2 evolution enhances endocytic uptake while preserving TMPRSS2-dependent fusion

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1736891

Susceptibility of the nine different SARS-CoV-2 strains to inhibitors of TMPRSS2-mediated fusion and cathepsin-mediated endocytosis. SARS-CoV-2 European wild-type (B.1.1), variant-of-concern (VOC) Alpha (B1.1.7 Q27*K68*, B.1.1.7 Q27*), Delta (AY.33), and Omicron (BA.1.17.2, BA.1.1, BA.2.9, BE.1.1, BA.5.1) were propagated in four human cell lines (Calu-3, Caco-2, A549 hACE2+/TMPRSS2+ , HEK293T) in the presence of increasing concentrations (0.024-100 µM) of camostat, an inhibitor of TMPRSS2-mediated viral direct fusion with cellular membrane (green curve), aloxistatin, an inhibitor of cathepsin-mediated viral endocytic uptake (pink curve), and a 1:1 mixture of both inhibitors (black curve). Viral load was determined in cell culture supernatants 48h p.i. using RT-qPCR and are presented as log 10 RNA copies/ml. Controls included cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the absence of inhibitors (“virus control”, VC), and cells fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and exposed to SARS-CoV-2 (“background control”, BG), shown as dashed horizontal lines. Data show mean and standard error of three independent experiments.

Figure Legend Snippet: Susceptibility of the nine different SARS-CoV-2 strains to inhibitors of TMPRSS2-mediated fusion and cathepsin-mediated endocytosis. SARS-CoV-2 European wild-type (B.1.1), variant-of-concern (VOC) Alpha (B1.1.7 Q27*K68*, B.1.1.7 Q27*), Delta (AY.33), and Omicron (BA.1.17.2, BA.1.1, BA.2.9, BE.1.1, BA.5.1) were propagated in four human cell lines (Calu-3, Caco-2, A549 hACE2+/TMPRSS2+ , HEK293T) in the presence of increasing concentrations (0.024-100 µM) of camostat, an inhibitor of TMPRSS2-mediated viral direct fusion with cellular membrane (green curve), aloxistatin, an inhibitor of cathepsin-mediated viral endocytic uptake (pink curve), and a 1:1 mixture of both inhibitors (black curve). Viral load was determined in cell culture supernatants 48h p.i. using RT-qPCR and are presented as log 10 RNA copies/ml. Controls included cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the absence of inhibitors (“virus control”, VC), and cells fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and exposed to SARS-CoV-2 (“background control”, BG), shown as dashed horizontal lines. Data show mean and standard error of three independent experiments.

Techniques Used: Variant Assay, Membrane, Cell Culture, Quantitative RT-PCR, Infection, Virus, Control

Degree of direct TMRPSS2-mediated fusion and cathepsin-mediated endocytic uptake of the nine different SARS-CoV-2 strains in four different cell lines. Calculation of the reduction in viral load induced by aloxistatin (pink columns) and camostat (green columns) at the non-toxic concentration of 25 µM as % inhibition induced by the mixture of the two inhibitors for Calu-3 cells (A) , HEK293T cells (B) , Caco-2 cells (C) and A549 hACE2+/TMPRSS2+ cells (D) . A higher percentage indicates a stronger role of the respective mode of entry for the respective virus strain. In A549 hACE2+/TMPRSS2+ cells, strains BA.1.17.2 and BA.1.1 were non-replicative (n.r.). In HEK293T cells, virus replication was observed for strains BE.1.1 and BA.5.1 only. Statistics was performed using two-way ANOVA with Šidák’s correction to account for multiple comparisons. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001.

Figure Legend Snippet: Degree of direct TMRPSS2-mediated fusion and cathepsin-mediated endocytic uptake of the nine different SARS-CoV-2 strains in four different cell lines. Calculation of the reduction in viral load induced by aloxistatin (pink columns) and camostat (green columns) at the non-toxic concentration of 25 µM as % inhibition induced by the mixture of the two inhibitors for Calu-3 cells (A) , HEK293T cells (B) , Caco-2 cells (C) and A549 hACE2+/TMPRSS2+ cells (D) . A higher percentage indicates a stronger role of the respective mode of entry for the respective virus strain. In A549 hACE2+/TMPRSS2+ cells, strains BA.1.17.2 and BA.1.1 were non-replicative (n.r.). In HEK293T cells, virus replication was observed for strains BE.1.1 and BA.5.1 only. Statistics was performed using two-way ANOVA with Šidák’s correction to account for multiple comparisons. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001.

Techniques Used: Concentration Assay, Inhibition, Virus

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Quantification of ACE2 , dACE2 , TMPRSS2, NRP1, CTSL , BSG (CD147), DPP4 (CD26), AXL , KREMEN1 , and ASGR1 gene expression. mRNA levels normalized to GAPDH (2 -ΔCT ) in ( a ) NHDF, NHEKs, RHE, and human skin samples and in ( b ) Caco-2/TC-7, Calu-3, and HaCaT cell lines. Gene expression was quantified by RT-qPCR in triplicate. Data represent the mean ± SEM from ( a ) 3 to 14 independent experiments using biological samples from different individuals and ( b ) 3 or 4 independent experiments from cultured cells. NHDF, normal human dermal fibroblast; NHEK, normal human epidermal keratinocyte; RHE, reconstructed human epidermis.

Journal: JID Innovations

Article Title: Human keratinocytes exhibit limited potential for SARS-CoV-2 infection despite ACE2 and mature cathepsin L expression

doi: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100447

Figure Lengend Snippet: Quantification of ACE2 , dACE2 , TMPRSS2, NRP1, CTSL , BSG (CD147), DPP4 (CD26), AXL , KREMEN1 , and ASGR1 gene expression. mRNA levels normalized to GAPDH (2 -ΔCT ) in ( a ) NHDF, NHEKs, RHE, and human skin samples and in ( b ) Caco-2/TC-7, Calu-3, and HaCaT cell lines. Gene expression was quantified by RT-qPCR in triplicate. Data represent the mean ± SEM from ( a ) 3 to 14 independent experiments using biological samples from different individuals and ( b ) 3 or 4 independent experiments from cultured cells. NHDF, normal human dermal fibroblast; NHEK, normal human epidermal keratinocyte; RHE, reconstructed human epidermis.

Article Snippet: The following TaqMan MGB-FAM-labelled probes (Applied Biosystems, Thermo Fisher Scientific) were used for qPCR analysis: ACE2 (Hs01085340_m1), ACE2 + dACE2 (Hs01085333_m1), TMPRSS2 (Hs01120965_m1), NRP1 (Hs00826128_m1), CTSL (Hs00964650_m1), BSG (CD147) (Hs00936295_m1), DPP4 (Hs00897386_m1), AXL (Hs01064444_m1), KREMEN1 (Hs00230750_m1), ASGR1 (Hs01005019_m1), and reference gene GAPDH (Hs02758991_g1).

Techniques: Gene Expression, Quantitative RT-PCR, Cell Culture

Differential ACE2, TMPRSS2, NRP1, CTSL, CD147, AXL, and DPP4 protein expression. Whole-cell lysates of the indicated cells were analyzed by western blot using the following antibodies: ACE2 (mAb clone AC384), TMPRSS2 (mAb clone S20014A), NRP1 (mAb clone 14H4), CTSL (mAb clone 33/1), CD147 (mAb clone HIM6), AXL (polyclonal goat IgG, AF154), and DPP4 (polyclonal goat IgG, AF1180). ( a ) Representative immunoblots from 2 to 4 independent experiments. ( b ) Densitometric quantification normalized to actin, expressed as mean ± SEM from 2 to 4 independent experiments. CTSL, cathepsin L.

Journal: JID Innovations

Article Title: Human keratinocytes exhibit limited potential for SARS-CoV-2 infection despite ACE2 and mature cathepsin L expression

doi: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100447

Figure Lengend Snippet: Differential ACE2, TMPRSS2, NRP1, CTSL, CD147, AXL, and DPP4 protein expression. Whole-cell lysates of the indicated cells were analyzed by western blot using the following antibodies: ACE2 (mAb clone AC384), TMPRSS2 (mAb clone S20014A), NRP1 (mAb clone 14H4), CTSL (mAb clone 33/1), CD147 (mAb clone HIM6), AXL (polyclonal goat IgG, AF154), and DPP4 (polyclonal goat IgG, AF1180). ( a ) Representative immunoblots from 2 to 4 independent experiments. ( b ) Densitometric quantification normalized to actin, expressed as mean ± SEM from 2 to 4 independent experiments. CTSL, cathepsin L.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot

Validation of flow cytometry protocols and anti-ACE2 antibodies. ( a ) Comparison of cell detachment protocols. ( b ) Comparison of anti-ACE2 antibody staining by flow cytometry. ( c, d ) Binding of 2019-nCoV Spike Protein S1 (RBD) protein and blocking with anti-ACE2 antibody (mAb clone AC384) assessed by ( c ) flow cytometry and ( d ) immunofluorescence (red). Cell nuclei are stained with DAPI (white). Bar = 10 μm. Data are representative of 3 independent experiments. ( e ) Cell surface expression of ACE2 (mAb clone Poly5036), TMPRSS2 (mAb clone S20014A), NRP1 (mAb clone U21-1283), CD147 (mAb clone HIM6), AXL (mAb clone 108724), and DPP4 (mAb clone BA5b) in A549 cells. Data are representative of 2 independent experiments.

Journal: JID Innovations

Article Title: Human keratinocytes exhibit limited potential for SARS-CoV-2 infection despite ACE2 and mature cathepsin L expression

doi: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100447

Figure Lengend Snippet: Validation of flow cytometry protocols and anti-ACE2 antibodies. ( a ) Comparison of cell detachment protocols. ( b ) Comparison of anti-ACE2 antibody staining by flow cytometry. ( c, d ) Binding of 2019-nCoV Spike Protein S1 (RBD) protein and blocking with anti-ACE2 antibody (mAb clone AC384) assessed by ( c ) flow cytometry and ( d ) immunofluorescence (red). Cell nuclei are stained with DAPI (white). Bar = 10 μm. Data are representative of 3 independent experiments. ( e ) Cell surface expression of ACE2 (mAb clone Poly5036), TMPRSS2 (mAb clone S20014A), NRP1 (mAb clone U21-1283), CD147 (mAb clone HIM6), AXL (mAb clone 108724), and DPP4 (mAb clone BA5b) in A549 cells. Data are representative of 2 independent experiments.

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Flow Cytometry, Comparison, Staining, Binding Assay, Blocking Assay, Immunofluorescence, Expressing

Cell surface expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2, NRP1, CD147, AXL, and DPP4 receptors is associated with exclusive binding of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 (RBD) to ACE2-expressing cells. ( a ) Flow cytometry analysis of cell surface expression of ACE2 (mAb clone Poly5036), TMPRSS2 (mAb clone S20014A), NRP1 (mAb clone U21-1283), CD147 (mAb clone HIM6), AXL (mAb clone 108724), and DPP4 (mAb clone BA5b) in the indicated cell lines and primary skin cells. Data are representative of 2–4 independent experiments. ( b, c ) Representative immunofluorescence microscopy images showing ( b ) ACE2 expression (mAb clone Poly5036) and ( c ) binding of 2019-nCoV Spike Protein S1 (RBD) in red. Cell nuclei are stained with DAPI (white). Bar = 10 μm. The proportions of cells expressing ACE2 and binding to spike are shown. Data are representative of at least 2 independent experiments. SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

Journal: JID Innovations

Article Title: Human keratinocytes exhibit limited potential for SARS-CoV-2 infection despite ACE2 and mature cathepsin L expression

doi: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100447

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cell surface expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2, NRP1, CD147, AXL, and DPP4 receptors is associated with exclusive binding of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 (RBD) to ACE2-expressing cells. ( a ) Flow cytometry analysis of cell surface expression of ACE2 (mAb clone Poly5036), TMPRSS2 (mAb clone S20014A), NRP1 (mAb clone U21-1283), CD147 (mAb clone HIM6), AXL (mAb clone 108724), and DPP4 (mAb clone BA5b) in the indicated cell lines and primary skin cells. Data are representative of 2–4 independent experiments. ( b, c ) Representative immunofluorescence microscopy images showing ( b ) ACE2 expression (mAb clone Poly5036) and ( c ) binding of 2019-nCoV Spike Protein S1 (RBD) in red. Cell nuclei are stained with DAPI (white). Bar = 10 μm. The proportions of cells expressing ACE2 and binding to spike are shown. Data are representative of at least 2 independent experiments. SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

Techniques: Expressing, Binding Assay, Flow Cytometry, Immunofluorescence, Microscopy, Staining

TLR3-mediated activation upregulates ACE2 expression in human epidermal keratinocytes. NHEK and N/TERT-2G cells were stimulated with Poly (I:C) and IFN-α + β for 24 hours. ( a ) ACE2 and CTSL mRNA levels relative to control (2 -ΔΔCT ), measured by RT-qPCR in triplicate and normalized to GAPDH. Data represent the mean ± SEM from 3 independent experiments. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, comparing each stimulation condition with the unstimulated control. Only significant P -values ( P < .05) are indicated in the figure. ( b, c ) Western blot analysis of ACE2 (mAb clone AC384) and CTSL (mAb clone 33/1). Shown are representative immunoblots and densitometric quantification, normalized to actin and expressed as mean ± SEM from 3 to 6 independent experiments. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, comparing each stimulation condition with the unstimulated control. Only significant P -values ( P < .05) are indicated in the figure. ∗ P < .05. ( d ) Western blot analysis of TMPRSS2 (mAb clone S20014A) expression. Shown is immunoblot representative of 2 independent experiments. ( e ) Representative immunofluorescence microscopy images showing ACE2 expression (mAb clone Poly5036) (red). Cell nuclei are stained with DAPI (white). Bar = 10 μm. Data are representative of at least 2 independent experiments. CTSL, cathepsin L; NHEK, normal human epidermal keratinocyte; Poly (I:C), polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid; TLR3, toll-like receptor 3.

Journal: JID Innovations

Article Title: Human keratinocytes exhibit limited potential for SARS-CoV-2 infection despite ACE2 and mature cathepsin L expression

doi: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100447

Figure Lengend Snippet: TLR3-mediated activation upregulates ACE2 expression in human epidermal keratinocytes. NHEK and N/TERT-2G cells were stimulated with Poly (I:C) and IFN-α + β for 24 hours. ( a ) ACE2 and CTSL mRNA levels relative to control (2 -ΔΔCT ), measured by RT-qPCR in triplicate and normalized to GAPDH. Data represent the mean ± SEM from 3 independent experiments. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, comparing each stimulation condition with the unstimulated control. Only significant P -values ( P < .05) are indicated in the figure. ( b, c ) Western blot analysis of ACE2 (mAb clone AC384) and CTSL (mAb clone 33/1). Shown are representative immunoblots and densitometric quantification, normalized to actin and expressed as mean ± SEM from 3 to 6 independent experiments. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, comparing each stimulation condition with the unstimulated control. Only significant P -values ( P < .05) are indicated in the figure. ∗ P < .05. ( d ) Western blot analysis of TMPRSS2 (mAb clone S20014A) expression. Shown is immunoblot representative of 2 independent experiments. ( e ) Representative immunofluorescence microscopy images showing ACE2 expression (mAb clone Poly5036) (red). Cell nuclei are stained with DAPI (white). Bar = 10 μm. Data are representative of at least 2 independent experiments. CTSL, cathepsin L; NHEK, normal human epidermal keratinocyte; Poly (I:C), polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid; TLR3, toll-like receptor 3.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, Control, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Microscopy, Staining

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: SARS-CoV-2 evolution enhances endocytic uptake while preserving TMPRSS2-dependent fusion

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1736891

Figure Lengend Snippet: Susceptibility of the nine different SARS-CoV-2 strains to inhibitors of TMPRSS2-mediated fusion and cathepsin-mediated endocytosis. SARS-CoV-2 European wild-type (B.1.1), variant-of-concern (VOC) Alpha (B1.1.7 Q27*K68*, B.1.1.7 Q27*), Delta (AY.33), and Omicron (BA.1.17.2, BA.1.1, BA.2.9, BE.1.1, BA.5.1) were propagated in four human cell lines (Calu-3, Caco-2, A549 hACE2+/TMPRSS2+ , HEK293T) in the presence of increasing concentrations (0.024-100 µM) of camostat, an inhibitor of TMPRSS2-mediated viral direct fusion with cellular membrane (green curve), aloxistatin, an inhibitor of cathepsin-mediated viral endocytic uptake (pink curve), and a 1:1 mixture of both inhibitors (black curve). Viral load was determined in cell culture supernatants 48h p.i. using RT-qPCR and are presented as log 10 RNA copies/ml. Controls included cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the absence of inhibitors (“virus control”, VC), and cells fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and exposed to SARS-CoV-2 (“background control”, BG), shown as dashed horizontal lines. Data show mean and standard error of three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: SARS-CoV-2 strains were propagated in human Calu-3, Caco-2 (CLS Cell Lines Service, Eppelheim, Germany), A549 hACE2+/TMPRSS2+ (InvivoGen, San Diego, US), and HEK293T cell lines using DMEM (Gibco, Waltham, MA) supplemented with 1% streptomycin/penicillin and 10% fetal calf serum (Pan Biotech, Aidenbach, Germany).

Techniques: Variant Assay, Membrane, Cell Culture, Quantitative RT-PCR, Infection, Virus, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: SARS-CoV-2 evolution enhances endocytic uptake while preserving TMPRSS2-dependent fusion

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1736891

Figure Lengend Snippet: Degree of direct TMRPSS2-mediated fusion and cathepsin-mediated endocytic uptake of the nine different SARS-CoV-2 strains in four different cell lines. Calculation of the reduction in viral load induced by aloxistatin (pink columns) and camostat (green columns) at the non-toxic concentration of 25 µM as % inhibition induced by the mixture of the two inhibitors for Calu-3 cells (A) , HEK293T cells (B) , Caco-2 cells (C) and A549 hACE2+/TMPRSS2+ cells (D) . A higher percentage indicates a stronger role of the respective mode of entry for the respective virus strain. In A549 hACE2+/TMPRSS2+ cells, strains BA.1.17.2 and BA.1.1 were non-replicative (n.r.). In HEK293T cells, virus replication was observed for strains BE.1.1 and BA.5.1 only. Statistics was performed using two-way ANOVA with Šidák’s correction to account for multiple comparisons. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Inhibition, Virus

Application of the dsRNA biosensor to different viral infections. Positive-sense ssRNA viruses [Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), SARS-CoV-2], negative-sense ssRNA viruses [Rabies virus (RABV), La Crosse virus (LACV)], dsRNA viruses [Rotavirus A (RVA), Nelson Bay orthoreovirus (NBV)], DNA viruses [Mpox virus (MPXV), and Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)] were inoculated onto monolayers of Vero (CHIKV, LACV, NBV, MPXV and HSV-1), Vero-TMPRSS2 (SARS-CoV-2), BHK-21 (RABV), and MA104-T2T11D cells (RVA). ( A ) Immunofluorescence analysis of the cells at 24 hpi except for cells infected with MPXV, which was at 48 hpi. Cells were stained with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear dye (blue), antibodies targeting dsRNA (green) and virus proteins (red). Scale bars, 50 μm. ( B ) Luciferase assay with the dsRNA biosensor was used to measure dsRNA in RNA extracts from mock-infected and virus-infected cells. The values shown are mean ± SD of triplicate samples. **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001 by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s test

Journal: Journal of Biological Engineering

Article Title: Universal and quantitative detection of double-stranded RNAs as a signature of pan-virus infections using a luciferase-based biosensor

doi: 10.1186/s13036-025-00601-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Application of the dsRNA biosensor to different viral infections. Positive-sense ssRNA viruses [Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), SARS-CoV-2], negative-sense ssRNA viruses [Rabies virus (RABV), La Crosse virus (LACV)], dsRNA viruses [Rotavirus A (RVA), Nelson Bay orthoreovirus (NBV)], DNA viruses [Mpox virus (MPXV), and Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)] were inoculated onto monolayers of Vero (CHIKV, LACV, NBV, MPXV and HSV-1), Vero-TMPRSS2 (SARS-CoV-2), BHK-21 (RABV), and MA104-T2T11D cells (RVA). ( A ) Immunofluorescence analysis of the cells at 24 hpi except for cells infected with MPXV, which was at 48 hpi. Cells were stained with Hoechst 33,342 nuclear dye (blue), antibodies targeting dsRNA (green) and virus proteins (red). Scale bars, 50 μm. ( B ) Luciferase assay with the dsRNA biosensor was used to measure dsRNA in RNA extracts from mock-infected and virus-infected cells. The values shown are mean ± SD of triplicate samples. **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001 by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s test

Article Snippet: Vero-TMPRSS2, Vero (CRL-1586, ATCC), and 293T cells (632180, Takara Bio) were maintained in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) containing 10% FBS.

Techniques: Virus, Immunofluorescence, Infection, Staining, Luciferase

mRNA expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2 , BSG , PPIA , and PPIB in human nasal epithelial cells (NECs) and endothelial cells (aortic, microvascular, and blood outgrowth). Expression levels for the genes ACE2 ( A ), TMPRSS2 ( B ), BSG ( C ), PPIA ( D ), and PPIB ( E ) were obtained from aortic (AoEC), microvascular (HMVEC), and blood outgrowth (BOEC) endothelial cells and NECs. Data for each donor were normalized using the average of the housekeepers (18S and Gapdh) and analyzed using a comparative Ct method (2ΔΔCt). Data are shown as the mean ± SEM fold change compared to nasal epithelium ( n = 3 wells using cells from two donors) for AoEC ( n = 3 wells using cells of three separate donors), HMVEC ( n = 3 wells using cells of three separate donors and BOECs ( n = 2 wells using cells of two separate donors).

Journal: Journal of Virology

Article Title: Resistance of endothelial cells to SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro

doi: 10.1128/jvi.01205-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: mRNA expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2 , BSG , PPIA , and PPIB in human nasal epithelial cells (NECs) and endothelial cells (aortic, microvascular, and blood outgrowth). Expression levels for the genes ACE2 ( A ), TMPRSS2 ( B ), BSG ( C ), PPIA ( D ), and PPIB ( E ) were obtained from aortic (AoEC), microvascular (HMVEC), and blood outgrowth (BOEC) endothelial cells and NECs. Data for each donor were normalized using the average of the housekeepers (18S and Gapdh) and analyzed using a comparative Ct method (2ΔΔCt). Data are shown as the mean ± SEM fold change compared to nasal epithelium ( n = 3 wells using cells from two donors) for AoEC ( n = 3 wells using cells of three separate donors), HMVEC ( n = 3 wells using cells of three separate donors and BOECs ( n = 2 wells using cells of two separate donors).

Article Snippet: Gene expression levels were determined using a TaqMan expression assay, with the following primers (ThermoScientific, UK); ACE2 (Hs01085333_m1), TMPRSS2 (Hs00237175_m1), BSG (Hs00936295_m1), PPIA (Hs04194521_s1), and PPIB (Hs00168719_m1).

Techniques: Expressing

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