bleomycin sulfate  (TargetMol)

Journal: Journal of Extracellular Vesicles

Article Title: Targeted Blockage of Pathological Extracellular Vesicles and Particles From Fibroblast‐Like Synoviocytes for Osteoarthritis Relief: Proteomic Analysis and Cellular Effect

doi: 10.1002/jev2.70162

Figure Lengend Snippet: FLS pathology was accompanied by increased EVP secretion in OA. (A) Gene ontology (GO) cellular component enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes between normal and OA synovium. (B, C) Violin plots for the expression levels of the exosome secretion marker (RAB27A), senescence markers (CDKN1A, CDKN2A) and inflammation‐related markers (PTGS2, IL6, MMP13), along with Pearson correlation analyses between the expression levels of these markers and RAB27A. Data was normalized as fragments per kilobase of exon model per million mapped fragments (FPKM). (D–G) Multiplex immunohistochemical (mIHC) staining of normal and OA synovium, with magnified views of the boxed areas showing individual colour channels. Scale bar = 100 µm. Line graphs display the relative intensity and co‐localization of each fluorescence along the line in the magnified images. (H, I) Representative RAB27A fluorescence staining images and quantification in the synovial region of sham‐operated mice and mice at 4 and 8 weeks post‐DMM surgery. Scale bar = 25 µm. (J) Schematic diagram of in vitro EVP collection. Briefly, FLSs were pre‐treated with IL‐1β (10 ng/mL) and Bleomycin (25 µg/mL) for 24 h and changed into fresh medium without inducers. EVPs were then isolated from the conditioned medium through ultracentrifugation. (K, L*) Representative MMP13 fluorescence staining and SA‐β‐gal staining images for FLSs after inflammation and senescence induction. (M) Diameter distribution of EVPs from control and pathological FLSs by NTA, with screenshots of the particle flow. (N, O) Representative TEM images for EVPs and Western blot gels for EVP protein markers. Scale bar = 200 µm. (P, Q) Quantification and protein concentration of EVPs isolated from different culture medium, both of which were normalized to original cell counts. ** Indicates p < 0.01, * indicates p < 0.05, ns indicates p > 0.05, versus the indicated groups, one‐way ANOVA.

Article Snippet: IL‐1β recombinant protein (10 ng/mL, 50101‐MNAE, SinoBiological) and bleomycin (25 μg/mL, T6116, Targetmol, USA) were employed to induce inflammation and senescence in FLSs.

Techniques: Expressing, Marker, Multiplex Assay, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Fluorescence, In Vitro, Isolation, Control, Western Blot, Protein Concentration

Journal: Redox Biology

Article Title: Noscapine derivative 428 suppresses ferroptosis through targeting GPX4

doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2025.103635

Figure Lengend Snippet: 428 delays the progression of pulmonary fibrosis in vivo . ( A ) Schematic of the bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model for preventive treatment. (Created with Biorender.com) ( B ) The GPX4, 4-HNE level in mouse lung tissue. ( C ) Representative pictures of HE staining (top panel) and Masson staining (bottom panel) of lung tissue in each group. ( D ) The collagen area (blue) of Masson staining was calculated by Image J. (scale bars,100 μm; n = 3 mice in the normal group, n = 6 mice in the other groups). Data are mean ± s.d. p value was determined by one-way ANOVA analysis. ( E ) Schematic of the BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model for therapeutic treatment. (Created with Biorender.com.) ( F ) The survival curves of the BLM mouse model treated with vehicle or 428 . n = 9 mice in the vehicle group, n = 7 mice in the 428 group. ( G ) Body weight loss of vehicle and 428 groups induced by 1.5 mg/kg BLM. Data are mean ± s.d. p value was determined by two-way ANOVA analysis. ( H ) The representative macroscopic appearance of the lungs of the BLM mouse model. ( I )The GPX4, 4-HNE level in mouse lung tissue. ( J ) Representative pictures of HE staining (top panel) and Masson staining (bottom panel) of lung tissue in each group. ( K ) The collagen area (blue) of Masson staining was calculated by Image J. (scale bars,100 μm; n = 3 mice in the normal group, n = 7 mice in the vehicle group, n = 6 mice in the 428 group). Data are mean ± s.d. p value was determined by one-way ANOVA analysis.

Article Snippet: 8 to 10-week-old male C57BL/6 mice (Lingchang Biotechnology, Shanghai, China) were anesthetized, and then administered 1.5 mg/kg or 1.75 mg/kg of Bleomycin (BLM) (TargetMol, USA) via intratracheal injection (dissolved in PBS, with a total volume of 50 μL) on day 0.

Techniques: In Vivo, Staining