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nbp2  (Novus Biologicals)


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    Novus Biologicals nbp2
    Nbp2, supplied by Novus Biologicals, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 9 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/synaptophysin/Synaptophysin+Antibody+-+BSA+Free/pmc12993000-12-7-2
    Average 94 stars, based on 9 article reviews
    nbp2 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    94/100 stars

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    Related Articles

    Incubation:

    Article Title: Deficiency of <scp>IKKβ</scp> in neurons ameliorates Alzheimer's disease pathology in <scp>APP</scp> ‐ and tau‐transgenic mice
    Article Snippet: Protein Assay (Bio- Rad Laboratories GmbH, München, Germany), the protein samples were separated through 10% or 12% SDS- PAGE gels. .. Proteins were then transferred onto polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) or nitrocellulose membranes and incubated overnight at 4°C with the following antibodies: mouse monoclonal antibody against Aβ (clone W0- 2; Sigma- Aldrich); rabbit monoclonal antibodies against beclin1 (clone D40C5), phosphor- glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)- 3β (clone D3A4), GSK- 3β (clone 27C10), phospho- CREB (Ser133) (clone 87G3), CREB (clone 48H2), cleaved Caspase- 3 (clone 5A1E), PSD- 95 (clone D27E11), synaptophysin (clone D8F6H), SNAP25 (clone D110), and Munc18- 1 (clone D4O6V), and rabbit polyclonal antibodies against LC3B (Cat.- No: NB100- 2220; Novus Biologicals, Centennial, USA), SQSTM1/p62 (Cat.- No: 5114), phospho- p38- MAPK (Thr180/Tyr182) (Cat.- No: 9211), p38- MAPK (Cat.- No: 9212), and protein phosphatase type 2A (PP2A) catalytic subunit (Cat.- No: 2038) (all antibodies except anti- LC3B were bought from Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, USA). .. To evaluate the efficiency of Nex- Cre- mediated deletion of IKKβ, and the activity of NF- κB, the brain lysate was detected with rabbit monoclonal antibody against IKKβ (clone D30C6) and mouse monoclonal antibody against IκBa (clone l35A5; both from Cell Signaling Technology).

    Article Title: Combination antiviral and anti-inflammatory therapy mitigates persistent neurological deficits in mice post SARS-CoV-2 infection
    Article Snippet: .. Sections were then rinsed in PBS followed by incubation with CAS block (Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 60 min. Primary antibodies against Iba-1 (Wako, 1:1,000), synapsin (Cell signaling, 1:100), synaptophysin (Cell Signalling,1:100), TPH2 (Novus, 1:500), ChAT (Novus, 1:300), TH (Novus, 1:1,000), were used. .. Sections were rinsed before incubation with a 1:1,000 dilution of an appropriate Alexa Fluor 546–conjugated (catalog A11018) or Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated (Catalogue no. A-31573) goat anti-mouse or anti-rabbit antibody (Thermo Fisher Scientific), respectively.

    Article Title: Oral Administration of Astrocyte-Targeted Natural Antioxidants Suppress NOX4-Driven Neuroinflammation and Restore Hippocampal Neurogenesis in MPTP-Induced Parkinson’s Disease Mouse Model
    Article Snippet: .. Immunofluorescence (IF): Sections underwent citrate buffer antigen retrieval and blocking before incubation with primary antibodies (overnight, 4 °C): BrdU (1:500, Cell Signaling, Boston, MA, USA), Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP; 1:300, Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA), MPO (1:100, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), Neuronal Nuclei (NeuN; 1:500, Abcam), NOX4 (1:100, Santa Cruz), OPN (1:500, R&D Systems), Postsynaptic Density Protein-95 (PSD95; 1:500, Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA), and Synaptophysin (1:100, Novus, Centennial, CO, USA). .. Appropriate fluorescent secondary antibodies (Invitrogen, Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA, USA) were applied for 2 h at room temperature, with nuclei counterstained using DAPI (Vector Laboratories).

    Bioprocessing:

    Article Title: Deficiency of <scp>IKKβ</scp> in neurons ameliorates Alzheimer's disease pathology in <scp>APP</scp> ‐ and tau‐transgenic mice
    Article Snippet: Protein Assay (Bio- Rad Laboratories GmbH, München, Germany), the protein samples were separated through 10% or 12% SDS- PAGE gels. .. Proteins were then transferred onto polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) or nitrocellulose membranes and incubated overnight at 4°C with the following antibodies: mouse monoclonal antibody against Aβ (clone W0- 2; Sigma- Aldrich); rabbit monoclonal antibodies against beclin1 (clone D40C5), phosphor- glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)- 3β (clone D3A4), GSK- 3β (clone 27C10), phospho- CREB (Ser133) (clone 87G3), CREB (clone 48H2), cleaved Caspase- 3 (clone 5A1E), PSD- 95 (clone D27E11), synaptophysin (clone D8F6H), SNAP25 (clone D110), and Munc18- 1 (clone D4O6V), and rabbit polyclonal antibodies against LC3B (Cat.- No: NB100- 2220; Novus Biologicals, Centennial, USA), SQSTM1/p62 (Cat.- No: 5114), phospho- p38- MAPK (Thr180/Tyr182) (Cat.- No: 9211), p38- MAPK (Cat.- No: 9212), and protein phosphatase type 2A (PP2A) catalytic subunit (Cat.- No: 2038) (all antibodies except anti- LC3B were bought from Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, USA). .. To evaluate the efficiency of Nex- Cre- mediated deletion of IKKβ, and the activity of NF- κB, the brain lysate was detected with rabbit monoclonal antibody against IKKβ (clone D30C6) and mouse monoclonal antibody against IκBa (clone l35A5; both from Cell Signaling Technology).

    Purification:

    Article Title: Loss of spines in the prelimbic cortex is detrimental to working memory in mice with early-life adversity
    Article Snippet: .. In brief, the primary antibody was pre-adsorbed with a purified PSD-95 (5 μg/ml, Novus Biologicals, CO, USA) or synaptophysin (2 μg/ml, Novus Biologicals) recombinant protein overnight at 4 °C, which resulted in the absence of labeled synaptic puncta in the sections (not shown). .. In addition, no staining was observed on the sections when a normal mouse IgG (1:2,000, Vector) was substituted for the primary antibody (not shown).

    Article Title: Loss of spines in the prelimbic cortex is detrimental to working memory in mice with early-life adversity.
    Article Snippet: .. In brief, the primary antibody was pre-adsorbed with a purified PSD-95 (5 μg/ml, Novus Biologicals, CO, USA) or synaptophysin (2 μg/ml, Novus Biologicals) recombinant protein overnight at 4 °C, which resulted in the absence of labeled synaptic puncta in the sections (not shown). .. In addition, no staining was observed on the sections when a normal mouse IgG (1:2,000, Vector) was substituted for the primary antibody (not shown).

    Recombinant:

    Article Title: Loss of spines in the prelimbic cortex is detrimental to working memory in mice with early-life adversity
    Article Snippet: .. In brief, the primary antibody was pre-adsorbed with a purified PSD-95 (5 μg/ml, Novus Biologicals, CO, USA) or synaptophysin (2 μg/ml, Novus Biologicals) recombinant protein overnight at 4 °C, which resulted in the absence of labeled synaptic puncta in the sections (not shown). .. In addition, no staining was observed on the sections when a normal mouse IgG (1:2,000, Vector) was substituted for the primary antibody (not shown).

    Article Title: Loss of spines in the prelimbic cortex is detrimental to working memory in mice with early-life adversity.
    Article Snippet: .. In brief, the primary antibody was pre-adsorbed with a purified PSD-95 (5 μg/ml, Novus Biologicals, CO, USA) or synaptophysin (2 μg/ml, Novus Biologicals) recombinant protein overnight at 4 °C, which resulted in the absence of labeled synaptic puncta in the sections (not shown). .. In addition, no staining was observed on the sections when a normal mouse IgG (1:2,000, Vector) was substituted for the primary antibody (not shown).

    Labeling:

    Article Title: Loss of spines in the prelimbic cortex is detrimental to working memory in mice with early-life adversity
    Article Snippet: .. In brief, the primary antibody was pre-adsorbed with a purified PSD-95 (5 μg/ml, Novus Biologicals, CO, USA) or synaptophysin (2 μg/ml, Novus Biologicals) recombinant protein overnight at 4 °C, which resulted in the absence of labeled synaptic puncta in the sections (not shown). .. In addition, no staining was observed on the sections when a normal mouse IgG (1:2,000, Vector) was substituted for the primary antibody (not shown).

    Article Title: Loss of spines in the prelimbic cortex is detrimental to working memory in mice with early-life adversity.
    Article Snippet: .. In brief, the primary antibody was pre-adsorbed with a purified PSD-95 (5 μg/ml, Novus Biologicals, CO, USA) or synaptophysin (2 μg/ml, Novus Biologicals) recombinant protein overnight at 4 °C, which resulted in the absence of labeled synaptic puncta in the sections (not shown). .. In addition, no staining was observed on the sections when a normal mouse IgG (1:2,000, Vector) was substituted for the primary antibody (not shown).

    Blocking Assay:

    Article Title: Combination antiviral and anti-inflammatory therapy mitigates persistent neurological deficits in mice post SARS-CoV-2 infection
    Article Snippet: .. Sections were then rinsed in PBS followed by incubation with CAS block (Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 60 min. Primary antibodies against Iba-1 (Wako, 1:1,000), synapsin (Cell signaling, 1:100), synaptophysin (Cell Signalling,1:100), TPH2 (Novus, 1:500), ChAT (Novus, 1:300), TH (Novus, 1:1,000), were used. .. Sections were rinsed before incubation with a 1:1,000 dilution of an appropriate Alexa Fluor 546–conjugated (catalog A11018) or Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated (Catalogue no. A-31573) goat anti-mouse or anti-rabbit antibody (Thermo Fisher Scientific), respectively.

    Article Title: Oral Administration of Astrocyte-Targeted Natural Antioxidants Suppress NOX4-Driven Neuroinflammation and Restore Hippocampal Neurogenesis in MPTP-Induced Parkinson’s Disease Mouse Model
    Article Snippet: .. Immunofluorescence (IF): Sections underwent citrate buffer antigen retrieval and blocking before incubation with primary antibodies (overnight, 4 °C): BrdU (1:500, Cell Signaling, Boston, MA, USA), Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP; 1:300, Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA), MPO (1:100, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), Neuronal Nuclei (NeuN; 1:500, Abcam), NOX4 (1:100, Santa Cruz), OPN (1:500, R&D Systems), Postsynaptic Density Protein-95 (PSD95; 1:500, Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA), and Synaptophysin (1:100, Novus, Centennial, CO, USA). .. Appropriate fluorescent secondary antibodies (Invitrogen, Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA, USA) were applied for 2 h at room temperature, with nuclei counterstained using DAPI (Vector Laboratories).

    Immunohistochemical staining:

    Article Title: Shotgun Proteomic-Based Approach with a Q-Exactive Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometer for Protein Adductomics on a 3D Human Brain Tumor Neurospheroid Culture Model: The Identification of Adduct Formation in Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase-2 and Annexin-A1 Induced by Pesticide Mixture.
    Article Snippet: We manually inspected neurosphere growth under an inverted phase Contrast microscope (MOTIC AE21, Motic Incorporation Ltd. Hong Kong, China), equipped with an Axiocam camera 208 [Sony CMOS image sensor color, rolling shutter; square pixels of 1.85 μM side length; 3840 × 2160 pixel resolution; ultra HD (4K); 3 × 8 bits/pixel] (Zeiss, France) at scale bars of 100 μm, 150, and 200 μm before proceeding. .. Primary cell identity was confirmed prior to use by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for neuronal differentiation markers such as NSE (neuron-specific enolase) (IMGENEX, Cat# IMG-80398, RRID:AB_1151008), chromogranin (Fitzgerald Industries International Cat# 10RC126ax, RRID:AB_1283819), synaptophysin (IMGENEX Cat# IMG-80349, RRID:AB_1151989), GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) (IMGENEX, Cat# IMG-80134, RRID:AB_1150393), and Ki67 proliferation marker (Bio-Rad Cat# MCA289, RRID:AB_321740). .. We also analyzed “stemness” gene expressions, including CD133 (BD Biosciences Cat# 747569, RRID:AB_2744141), CD44 (BD Biosciences Cat# 558739, RRID:AB_397098), CD24 (BD Biosciences Cat# 555426, RRID:AB_395820), Nestin (IMGENEX Cat# IMG-6492A, RRID:AB_2033866), SOX1 (BD Biosciences Cat# 562224, RRID:AB_11154034), SOX2 (BD Biosciences Cat# 560291, RRID:AB_1645334), and βIII-tubulin (Promega Cat# G7121, RRID:AB_430874).

    Immunohistochemistry:

    Article Title: Shotgun Proteomic-Based Approach with a Q-Exactive Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometer for Protein Adductomics on a 3D Human Brain Tumor Neurospheroid Culture Model: The Identification of Adduct Formation in Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase-2 and Annexin-A1 Induced by Pesticide Mixture.
    Article Snippet: We manually inspected neurosphere growth under an inverted phase Contrast microscope (MOTIC AE21, Motic Incorporation Ltd. Hong Kong, China), equipped with an Axiocam camera 208 [Sony CMOS image sensor color, rolling shutter; square pixels of 1.85 μM side length; 3840 × 2160 pixel resolution; ultra HD (4K); 3 × 8 bits/pixel] (Zeiss, France) at scale bars of 100 μm, 150, and 200 μm before proceeding. .. Primary cell identity was confirmed prior to use by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for neuronal differentiation markers such as NSE (neuron-specific enolase) (IMGENEX, Cat# IMG-80398, RRID:AB_1151008), chromogranin (Fitzgerald Industries International Cat# 10RC126ax, RRID:AB_1283819), synaptophysin (IMGENEX Cat# IMG-80349, RRID:AB_1151989), GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) (IMGENEX, Cat# IMG-80134, RRID:AB_1150393), and Ki67 proliferation marker (Bio-Rad Cat# MCA289, RRID:AB_321740). .. We also analyzed “stemness” gene expressions, including CD133 (BD Biosciences Cat# 747569, RRID:AB_2744141), CD44 (BD Biosciences Cat# 558739, RRID:AB_397098), CD24 (BD Biosciences Cat# 555426, RRID:AB_395820), Nestin (IMGENEX Cat# IMG-6492A, RRID:AB_2033866), SOX1 (BD Biosciences Cat# 562224, RRID:AB_11154034), SOX2 (BD Biosciences Cat# 560291, RRID:AB_1645334), and βIII-tubulin (Promega Cat# G7121, RRID:AB_430874).

    Staining:

    Article Title: Shotgun Proteomic-Based Approach with a Q-Exactive Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometer for Protein Adductomics on a 3D Human Brain Tumor Neurospheroid Culture Model: The Identification of Adduct Formation in Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase-2 and Annexin-A1 Induced by Pesticide Mixture.
    Article Snippet: We manually inspected neurosphere growth under an inverted phase Contrast microscope (MOTIC AE21, Motic Incorporation Ltd. Hong Kong, China), equipped with an Axiocam camera 208 [Sony CMOS image sensor color, rolling shutter; square pixels of 1.85 μM side length; 3840 × 2160 pixel resolution; ultra HD (4K); 3 × 8 bits/pixel] (Zeiss, France) at scale bars of 100 μm, 150, and 200 μm before proceeding. .. Primary cell identity was confirmed prior to use by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for neuronal differentiation markers such as NSE (neuron-specific enolase) (IMGENEX, Cat# IMG-80398, RRID:AB_1151008), chromogranin (Fitzgerald Industries International Cat# 10RC126ax, RRID:AB_1283819), synaptophysin (IMGENEX Cat# IMG-80349, RRID:AB_1151989), GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) (IMGENEX, Cat# IMG-80134, RRID:AB_1150393), and Ki67 proliferation marker (Bio-Rad Cat# MCA289, RRID:AB_321740). .. We also analyzed “stemness” gene expressions, including CD133 (BD Biosciences Cat# 747569, RRID:AB_2744141), CD44 (BD Biosciences Cat# 558739, RRID:AB_397098), CD24 (BD Biosciences Cat# 555426, RRID:AB_395820), Nestin (IMGENEX Cat# IMG-6492A, RRID:AB_2033866), SOX1 (BD Biosciences Cat# 562224, RRID:AB_11154034), SOX2 (BD Biosciences Cat# 560291, RRID:AB_1645334), and βIII-tubulin (Promega Cat# G7121, RRID:AB_430874).

    Marker:

    Article Title: Shotgun Proteomic-Based Approach with a Q-Exactive Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometer for Protein Adductomics on a 3D Human Brain Tumor Neurospheroid Culture Model: The Identification of Adduct Formation in Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase-2 and Annexin-A1 Induced by Pesticide Mixture.
    Article Snippet: We manually inspected neurosphere growth under an inverted phase Contrast microscope (MOTIC AE21, Motic Incorporation Ltd. Hong Kong, China), equipped with an Axiocam camera 208 [Sony CMOS image sensor color, rolling shutter; square pixels of 1.85 μM side length; 3840 × 2160 pixel resolution; ultra HD (4K); 3 × 8 bits/pixel] (Zeiss, France) at scale bars of 100 μm, 150, and 200 μm before proceeding. .. Primary cell identity was confirmed prior to use by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for neuronal differentiation markers such as NSE (neuron-specific enolase) (IMGENEX, Cat# IMG-80398, RRID:AB_1151008), chromogranin (Fitzgerald Industries International Cat# 10RC126ax, RRID:AB_1283819), synaptophysin (IMGENEX Cat# IMG-80349, RRID:AB_1151989), GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) (IMGENEX, Cat# IMG-80134, RRID:AB_1150393), and Ki67 proliferation marker (Bio-Rad Cat# MCA289, RRID:AB_321740). .. We also analyzed “stemness” gene expressions, including CD133 (BD Biosciences Cat# 747569, RRID:AB_2744141), CD44 (BD Biosciences Cat# 558739, RRID:AB_397098), CD24 (BD Biosciences Cat# 555426, RRID:AB_395820), Nestin (IMGENEX Cat# IMG-6492A, RRID:AB_2033866), SOX1 (BD Biosciences Cat# 562224, RRID:AB_11154034), SOX2 (BD Biosciences Cat# 560291, RRID:AB_1645334), and βIII-tubulin (Promega Cat# G7121, RRID:AB_430874).

    Immunofluorescence:

    Article Title: Oral Administration of Astrocyte-Targeted Natural Antioxidants Suppress NOX4-Driven Neuroinflammation and Restore Hippocampal Neurogenesis in MPTP-Induced Parkinson’s Disease Mouse Model
    Article Snippet: .. Immunofluorescence (IF): Sections underwent citrate buffer antigen retrieval and blocking before incubation with primary antibodies (overnight, 4 °C): BrdU (1:500, Cell Signaling, Boston, MA, USA), Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP; 1:300, Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA), MPO (1:100, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), Neuronal Nuclei (NeuN; 1:500, Abcam), NOX4 (1:100, Santa Cruz), OPN (1:500, R&D Systems), Postsynaptic Density Protein-95 (PSD95; 1:500, Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA), and Synaptophysin (1:100, Novus, Centennial, CO, USA). .. Appropriate fluorescent secondary antibodies (Invitrogen, Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA, USA) were applied for 2 h at room temperature, with nuclei counterstained using DAPI (Vector Laboratories).

    other:

    Article Title: Anti-Inflammatory and Synaptic Protective Effects of TNF-α Inactivation in the MDX Mouse Model
    Article Snippet: Synaptophysin , Novus Biologicals , rabbit anti-mouse , 1:1000.



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    BNST–PVN-RVLM neural signaling mediates IL-1β–induced changes in heart rate and IL-6. (A) Schematic for anterograde tracing of axonal projections and terminals from PBS-TRAPed or IL-1β–TRAPed BNST <t>neurons.</t> <t>The</t> <t>AAV-hSyn-FLEx-mGFP-2A-synaptophysin-mRuby</t> was injected into the BNST of TRAP2 mice. (B) Representative image for GFP + axons and mRuby + terminals in the PVN of PBS-TRAPed or IL-1β–TRAPed mice. The rightmost panel shows a higher-magnification view of the PVN in IL-1β–TRAPed mice. Arrowheads show regions with co-localization of mRuby and EYFP. Scale bars, 100 μm. (C) Schematic for anterograde tracing of IL-1β–TRAPed BNST neurons connected with PVN neurons. The AAV-pEF1a-DIO-FLPo-WPRE-hGHpA was injected into the BNST, and the AAV-Ef1a-fDIO-EYFP was injected into the PVN of TRAP2 mice. (D) Representative image for EYFP expression in the PVN, RVLM, and NTS. Arrowheads show neurons, and arrows show axonal projections with expression of EYFP. Scale bar, 100 μm for the PVN and RVLM. Scale bar, 200 μm for the NTS. (E) c-Fos expression in the RVLM after reactivation with saline as a control or CNO of IL-1β–responsive BNST neurons. Scale bar, 100 μm. (F) Schematic for activating the BNST–PVN neural pathway. The AAV-pEF1a-DIO-FLPo-WPRE-hGHpA was injected into the BNST, and the AAV-hSyn-fDIO-hM3D(Gq)-mCherry-WPREpA was injected into the PVN of TRAP2 mice. (G) Representative image of PVN showing Gq-DREADD-mCherry–expressing cells (red). Scale bar, 100 μm. (H) Serum IL-6 levels at 2 h after reactivation with saline as a control or CNO of the BNST–PVN neuronal pathway. Data are represented as individual mouse data points pooled from two independent experiments. Unpaired t test. (I) ΔHR for 60 min after reactivation of the BNST–PVN neuronal pathway: saline (black) or CNO (red) (saline, n = 7 mice; CNO, n = 10 mice, mixed-effects analysis with Šidák correction). (J) AUC of ΔHR after reactivation. Data are represented as individual mouse data points pooled from two independent experiments. Unpaired t test. (K) Serum corticosterone levels at 2 h after reactivation of the BNST–PVN neuronal pathway. Data are represented as individual mouse data points pooled from two independent experiments. Unpaired t test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.
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    BNST–PVN-RVLM neural signaling mediates IL-1β–induced changes in heart rate and IL-6. (A) Schematic for anterograde tracing of axonal projections and terminals from PBS-TRAPed or IL-1β–TRAPed BNST neurons. The AAV-hSyn-FLEx-mGFP-2A-synaptophysin-mRuby was injected into the BNST of TRAP2 mice. (B) Representative image for GFP + axons and mRuby + terminals in the PVN of PBS-TRAPed or IL-1β–TRAPed mice. The rightmost panel shows a higher-magnification view of the PVN in IL-1β–TRAPed mice. Arrowheads show regions with co-localization of mRuby and EYFP. Scale bars, 100 μm. (C) Schematic for anterograde tracing of IL-1β–TRAPed BNST neurons connected with PVN neurons. The AAV-pEF1a-DIO-FLPo-WPRE-hGHpA was injected into the BNST, and the AAV-Ef1a-fDIO-EYFP was injected into the PVN of TRAP2 mice. (D) Representative image for EYFP expression in the PVN, RVLM, and NTS. Arrowheads show neurons, and arrows show axonal projections with expression of EYFP. Scale bar, 100 μm for the PVN and RVLM. Scale bar, 200 μm for the NTS. (E) c-Fos expression in the RVLM after reactivation with saline as a control or CNO of IL-1β–responsive BNST neurons. Scale bar, 100 μm. (F) Schematic for activating the BNST–PVN neural pathway. The AAV-pEF1a-DIO-FLPo-WPRE-hGHpA was injected into the BNST, and the AAV-hSyn-fDIO-hM3D(Gq)-mCherry-WPREpA was injected into the PVN of TRAP2 mice. (G) Representative image of PVN showing Gq-DREADD-mCherry–expressing cells (red). Scale bar, 100 μm. (H) Serum IL-6 levels at 2 h after reactivation with saline as a control or CNO of the BNST–PVN neuronal pathway. Data are represented as individual mouse data points pooled from two independent experiments. Unpaired t test. (I) ΔHR for 60 min after reactivation of the BNST–PVN neuronal pathway: saline (black) or CNO (red) (saline, n = 7 mice; CNO, n = 10 mice, mixed-effects analysis with Šidák correction). (J) AUC of ΔHR after reactivation. Data are represented as individual mouse data points pooled from two independent experiments. Unpaired t test. (K) Serum corticosterone levels at 2 h after reactivation of the BNST–PVN neuronal pathway. Data are represented as individual mouse data points pooled from two independent experiments. Unpaired t test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.

    Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine

    Article Title: Central neurons encode interleukin-1β signals and mediate stress-induced inflammation

    doi: 10.1084/jem.20252000

    Figure Lengend Snippet: BNST–PVN-RVLM neural signaling mediates IL-1β–induced changes in heart rate and IL-6. (A) Schematic for anterograde tracing of axonal projections and terminals from PBS-TRAPed or IL-1β–TRAPed BNST neurons. The AAV-hSyn-FLEx-mGFP-2A-synaptophysin-mRuby was injected into the BNST of TRAP2 mice. (B) Representative image for GFP + axons and mRuby + terminals in the PVN of PBS-TRAPed or IL-1β–TRAPed mice. The rightmost panel shows a higher-magnification view of the PVN in IL-1β–TRAPed mice. Arrowheads show regions with co-localization of mRuby and EYFP. Scale bars, 100 μm. (C) Schematic for anterograde tracing of IL-1β–TRAPed BNST neurons connected with PVN neurons. The AAV-pEF1a-DIO-FLPo-WPRE-hGHpA was injected into the BNST, and the AAV-Ef1a-fDIO-EYFP was injected into the PVN of TRAP2 mice. (D) Representative image for EYFP expression in the PVN, RVLM, and NTS. Arrowheads show neurons, and arrows show axonal projections with expression of EYFP. Scale bar, 100 μm for the PVN and RVLM. Scale bar, 200 μm for the NTS. (E) c-Fos expression in the RVLM after reactivation with saline as a control or CNO of IL-1β–responsive BNST neurons. Scale bar, 100 μm. (F) Schematic for activating the BNST–PVN neural pathway. The AAV-pEF1a-DIO-FLPo-WPRE-hGHpA was injected into the BNST, and the AAV-hSyn-fDIO-hM3D(Gq)-mCherry-WPREpA was injected into the PVN of TRAP2 mice. (G) Representative image of PVN showing Gq-DREADD-mCherry–expressing cells (red). Scale bar, 100 μm. (H) Serum IL-6 levels at 2 h after reactivation with saline as a control or CNO of the BNST–PVN neuronal pathway. Data are represented as individual mouse data points pooled from two independent experiments. Unpaired t test. (I) ΔHR for 60 min after reactivation of the BNST–PVN neuronal pathway: saline (black) or CNO (red) (saline, n = 7 mice; CNO, n = 10 mice, mixed-effects analysis with Šidák correction). (J) AUC of ΔHR after reactivation. Data are represented as individual mouse data points pooled from two independent experiments. Unpaired t test. (K) Serum corticosterone levels at 2 h after reactivation of the BNST–PVN neuronal pathway. Data are represented as individual mouse data points pooled from two independent experiments. Unpaired t test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.

    Article Snippet: For the tracing studies, either AAV-hSyn-DIO-EGFP (cat #50457; Addgene), AAV-hSyn-FLEx-mGFP-2A-Synaptophysin-mRuby (cat# 71760; Addgene), AAV-Ef1a-fDIO-EYFP (cat# 55641; Addgene), or AAV pEF1a-DIO-FLPo-WPRE-hGHpA (cat# 87306; Addgene) was utilized.

    Techniques: Anterograde Tracing, Injection, Expressing, Saline, Control