Review



stressin i  (Tocris)


Bioz Verified Symbol Tocris is a verified supplier
Bioz Manufacturer Symbol Tocris manufactures this product  
  • Logo
  • About
  • News
  • Press Release
  • Team
  • Advisors
  • Partners
  • Contact
  • Bioz Stars
  • Bioz vStars
    • 93
      Buy from Supplier

    Structured Review

    Tocris stressin i
    Stressin I, supplied by Tocris, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 20 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/stressin i/product/Tocris
    Average 93 stars, based on 20 article reviews
    stressin i - by Bioz Stars, 2026-06
    93/100 stars

    Images



    Similar Products

    crf r1 agonist stressin  (Bio-Techne corporation)
    94
    Bio-Techne corporation crf r1 agonist stressin
    Antagonism of antinociceptive effects of i.c.v. administered <t>CRF</t> by <t>CRF-R1</t> antagonist NBI 27914 and CRF-R2 antagonist K41498. In Wistar rats with 4-day FCA-induced hind paw inflammation, effects of i.c.v. administered CRF on nociceptive paw pressure thresholds were measured by algesiometry. A i.c.v. application of CRF (0.5, 01.0, 1.5, 2.0 µmol) significantly increased nociceptive thresholds in a dose-dependent manner ( F (4, 25) = 445; P < 0.001). B Dose-dependent antagonism of i.c.v. CRF’s antinociception by co-administered CRF-R1 antagonist NBI 27914 ( F (4, 25) = 502.9; P < 0.001). C In contrast, increasing doses of the i.c.v. CRF-R2 antagonist K41498 only partially antagonized CRF’s antinociception ( F (4, 25) = 315.7; P < 0.001). *indicates significant differences from vehicle treatment; data points (n = 6) represent means ± SD
    Crf R1 Agonist Stressin, supplied by Bio-Techne corporation, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/crf r1 agonist stressin/product/Bio-Techne corporation
    Average 94 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    crf r1 agonist stressin - by Bioz Stars, 2026-06
    94/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    stressin i  (Tocris)
    93
    Tocris stressin i
    Antagonism of antinociceptive effects of i.c.v. administered <t>CRF</t> by <t>CRF-R1</t> antagonist NBI 27914 and CRF-R2 antagonist K41498. In Wistar rats with 4-day FCA-induced hind paw inflammation, effects of i.c.v. administered CRF on nociceptive paw pressure thresholds were measured by algesiometry. A i.c.v. application of CRF (0.5, 01.0, 1.5, 2.0 µmol) significantly increased nociceptive thresholds in a dose-dependent manner ( F (4, 25) = 445; P < 0.001). B Dose-dependent antagonism of i.c.v. CRF’s antinociception by co-administered CRF-R1 antagonist NBI 27914 ( F (4, 25) = 502.9; P < 0.001). C In contrast, increasing doses of the i.c.v. CRF-R2 antagonist K41498 only partially antagonized CRF’s antinociception ( F (4, 25) = 315.7; P < 0.001). *indicates significant differences from vehicle treatment; data points (n = 6) represent means ± SD
    Stressin I, supplied by Tocris, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/stressin i/product/Tocris
    Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    stressin i - by Bioz Stars, 2026-06
    93/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    stressin 1  (Tocris)
    93
    Tocris stressin 1
    Antagonism of antinociceptive effects of i.c.v. administered <t>CRF</t> by <t>CRF-R1</t> antagonist NBI 27914 and CRF-R2 antagonist K41498. In Wistar rats with 4-day FCA-induced hind paw inflammation, effects of i.c.v. administered CRF on nociceptive paw pressure thresholds were measured by algesiometry. A i.c.v. application of CRF (0.5, 01.0, 1.5, 2.0 µmol) significantly increased nociceptive thresholds in a dose-dependent manner ( F (4, 25) = 445; P < 0.001). B Dose-dependent antagonism of i.c.v. CRF’s antinociception by co-administered CRF-R1 antagonist NBI 27914 ( F (4, 25) = 502.9; P < 0.001). C In contrast, increasing doses of the i.c.v. CRF-R2 antagonist K41498 only partially antagonized CRF’s antinociception ( F (4, 25) = 315.7; P < 0.001). *indicates significant differences from vehicle treatment; data points (n = 6) represent means ± SD
    Stressin 1, supplied by Tocris, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/stressin 1/product/Tocris
    Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    stressin 1 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-06
    93/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    crfr1 agonist stressin-1  (Tocris)
    90
    Tocris crfr1 agonist stressin-1
    Antagonism of antinociceptive effects of i.c.v. administered <t>CRF</t> by <t>CRF-R1</t> antagonist NBI 27914 and CRF-R2 antagonist K41498. In Wistar rats with 4-day FCA-induced hind paw inflammation, effects of i.c.v. administered CRF on nociceptive paw pressure thresholds were measured by algesiometry. A i.c.v. application of CRF (0.5, 01.0, 1.5, 2.0 µmol) significantly increased nociceptive thresholds in a dose-dependent manner ( F (4, 25) = 445; P < 0.001). B Dose-dependent antagonism of i.c.v. CRF’s antinociception by co-administered CRF-R1 antagonist NBI 27914 ( F (4, 25) = 502.9; P < 0.001). C In contrast, increasing doses of the i.c.v. CRF-R2 antagonist K41498 only partially antagonized CRF’s antinociception ( F (4, 25) = 315.7; P < 0.001). *indicates significant differences from vehicle treatment; data points (n = 6) represent means ± SD
    Crfr1 Agonist Stressin 1, supplied by Tocris, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/crfr1 agonist stressin-1/product/Tocris
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    crfr1 agonist stressin-1 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-06
    90/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    stressin  (Tocris)
    93
    Tocris stressin
    Antagonism of antinociceptive effects of i.c.v. administered <t>CRF</t> by <t>CRF-R1</t> antagonist NBI 27914 and CRF-R2 antagonist K41498. In Wistar rats with 4-day FCA-induced hind paw inflammation, effects of i.c.v. administered CRF on nociceptive paw pressure thresholds were measured by algesiometry. A i.c.v. application of CRF (0.5, 01.0, 1.5, 2.0 µmol) significantly increased nociceptive thresholds in a dose-dependent manner ( F (4, 25) = 445; P < 0.001). B Dose-dependent antagonism of i.c.v. CRF’s antinociception by co-administered CRF-R1 antagonist NBI 27914 ( F (4, 25) = 502.9; P < 0.001). C In contrast, increasing doses of the i.c.v. CRF-R2 antagonist K41498 only partially antagonized CRF’s antinociception ( F (4, 25) = 315.7; P < 0.001). *indicates significant differences from vehicle treatment; data points (n = 6) represent means ± SD
    Stressin, supplied by Tocris, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/stressin/product/Tocris
    Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    stressin - by Bioz Stars, 2026-06
    93/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    recombinant proteins stressin 1 tocris  (Tocris)
    93
    Tocris recombinant proteins stressin 1 tocris
    Antagonism of antinociceptive effects of i.c.v. administered <t>CRF</t> by <t>CRF-R1</t> antagonist NBI 27914 and CRF-R2 antagonist K41498. In Wistar rats with 4-day FCA-induced hind paw inflammation, effects of i.c.v. administered CRF on nociceptive paw pressure thresholds were measured by algesiometry. A i.c.v. application of CRF (0.5, 01.0, 1.5, 2.0 µmol) significantly increased nociceptive thresholds in a dose-dependent manner ( F (4, 25) = 445; P < 0.001). B Dose-dependent antagonism of i.c.v. CRF’s antinociception by co-administered CRF-R1 antagonist NBI 27914 ( F (4, 25) = 502.9; P < 0.001). C In contrast, increasing doses of the i.c.v. CRF-R2 antagonist K41498 only partially antagonized CRF’s antinociception ( F (4, 25) = 315.7; P < 0.001). *indicates significant differences from vehicle treatment; data points (n = 6) represent means ± SD
    Recombinant Proteins Stressin 1 Tocris, supplied by Tocris, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/recombinant proteins stressin 1 tocris/product/Tocris
    Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    recombinant proteins stressin 1 tocris - by Bioz Stars, 2026-06
    93/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    stressin-1  (CEM Corporation)
    90
    CEM Corporation stressin-1
    Antagonism of antinociceptive effects of i.c.v. administered <t>CRF</t> by <t>CRF-R1</t> antagonist NBI 27914 and CRF-R2 antagonist K41498. In Wistar rats with 4-day FCA-induced hind paw inflammation, effects of i.c.v. administered CRF on nociceptive paw pressure thresholds were measured by algesiometry. A i.c.v. application of CRF (0.5, 01.0, 1.5, 2.0 µmol) significantly increased nociceptive thresholds in a dose-dependent manner ( F (4, 25) = 445; P < 0.001). B Dose-dependent antagonism of i.c.v. CRF’s antinociception by co-administered CRF-R1 antagonist NBI 27914 ( F (4, 25) = 502.9; P < 0.001). C In contrast, increasing doses of the i.c.v. CRF-R2 antagonist K41498 only partially antagonized CRF’s antinociception ( F (4, 25) = 315.7; P < 0.001). *indicates significant differences from vehicle treatment; data points (n = 6) represent means ± SD
    Stressin 1, supplied by CEM Corporation, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/stressin-1/product/CEM Corporation
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    stressin-1 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-06
    90/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    crfr1 agonist  (Tocris)
    93
    Tocris crfr1 agonist
    Antagonism of antinociceptive effects of i.c.v. administered <t>CRF</t> by <t>CRF-R1</t> antagonist NBI 27914 and CRF-R2 antagonist K41498. In Wistar rats with 4-day FCA-induced hind paw inflammation, effects of i.c.v. administered CRF on nociceptive paw pressure thresholds were measured by algesiometry. A i.c.v. application of CRF (0.5, 01.0, 1.5, 2.0 µmol) significantly increased nociceptive thresholds in a dose-dependent manner ( F (4, 25) = 445; P < 0.001). B Dose-dependent antagonism of i.c.v. CRF’s antinociception by co-administered CRF-R1 antagonist NBI 27914 ( F (4, 25) = 502.9; P < 0.001). C In contrast, increasing doses of the i.c.v. CRF-R2 antagonist K41498 only partially antagonized CRF’s antinociception ( F (4, 25) = 315.7; P < 0.001). *indicates significant differences from vehicle treatment; data points (n = 6) represent means ± SD
    Crfr1 Agonist, supplied by Tocris, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/crfr1 agonist/product/Tocris
    Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    crfr1 agonist - by Bioz Stars, 2026-06
    93/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier

    Image Search Results


    Antagonism of antinociceptive effects of i.c.v. administered CRF by CRF-R1 antagonist NBI 27914 and CRF-R2 antagonist K41498. In Wistar rats with 4-day FCA-induced hind paw inflammation, effects of i.c.v. administered CRF on nociceptive paw pressure thresholds were measured by algesiometry. A i.c.v. application of CRF (0.5, 01.0, 1.5, 2.0 µmol) significantly increased nociceptive thresholds in a dose-dependent manner ( F (4, 25) = 445; P < 0.001). B Dose-dependent antagonism of i.c.v. CRF’s antinociception by co-administered CRF-R1 antagonist NBI 27914 ( F (4, 25) = 502.9; P < 0.001). C In contrast, increasing doses of the i.c.v. CRF-R2 antagonist K41498 only partially antagonized CRF’s antinociception ( F (4, 25) = 315.7; P < 0.001). *indicates significant differences from vehicle treatment; data points (n = 6) represent means ± SD

    Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

    Article Title: Superior control of inflammatory pain by corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 via opioid peptides in distinct pain-relevant brain areas

    doi: 10.1186/s12974-022-02498-8

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Antagonism of antinociceptive effects of i.c.v. administered CRF by CRF-R1 antagonist NBI 27914 and CRF-R2 antagonist K41498. In Wistar rats with 4-day FCA-induced hind paw inflammation, effects of i.c.v. administered CRF on nociceptive paw pressure thresholds were measured by algesiometry. A i.c.v. application of CRF (0.5, 01.0, 1.5, 2.0 µmol) significantly increased nociceptive thresholds in a dose-dependent manner ( F (4, 25) = 445; P < 0.001). B Dose-dependent antagonism of i.c.v. CRF’s antinociception by co-administered CRF-R1 antagonist NBI 27914 ( F (4, 25) = 502.9; P < 0.001). C In contrast, increasing doses of the i.c.v. CRF-R2 antagonist K41498 only partially antagonized CRF’s antinociception ( F (4, 25) = 315.7; P < 0.001). *indicates significant differences from vehicle treatment; data points (n = 6) represent means ± SD

    Article Snippet: The following drugs were used: rat/human CRF (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO); CRF-R1 agonist stressin I and CRF-R1 antagonist NBI 27914 (Bio-Techne GmbH, Wiesbaden-Nordenstadt, Germany); CRF-R2 agonist urocortin-2 (Ucn-2), CRF-R2 antagonist K41498 (Bio-Techne GmbH, Wiesbaden-Nordenstadt, Germany); naloxone hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO).

    Techniques:

    Antinociceptive effects of the i.c.v. CRF-R1 agonist stressin I or CRF-R2 agonist Ucn-2 and their antagonism by the respective CRF-R1 (NBI 27914) or CRF-R2 (K41498) selective antagonists. The effects of i.c.v. CRF-R1 (stressin I) or CRF-R2 (Ucn-2) agonists on nociceptive paw pressure thresholds were measured by algesiometry. A i.c.v. administration of the CRF-R1 agonist stressin I significantly increased nociceptive thresholds in a dose-dependent manner ( F (4, 25) = 552.4; P < 0.001). B i.c.v. administration of the CRF-R2 agonist Ucn-2 significantly increased nociceptive thresholds ( F (4, 25) = 389.1; P < 0.001). C Dose-dependent antagonism of i.c.v. CRF-R1 agonist’s antinociception by co-administered CRF-R1 antagonist NBI 27914 ( F (4, 25) = 73.9; P < 0.001, one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s test). D ) Dose-dependent antagonism of i.c.v. Ucn-2 antinociception by co-administered CRF-R2 antagonist K41498 was significant ( F (5, 30) = 88.4; P < 0.001), *indicates significant differences from vehicle treatment; data points (n = 6) represent means ± SD

    Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

    Article Title: Superior control of inflammatory pain by corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 via opioid peptides in distinct pain-relevant brain areas

    doi: 10.1186/s12974-022-02498-8

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Antinociceptive effects of the i.c.v. CRF-R1 agonist stressin I or CRF-R2 agonist Ucn-2 and their antagonism by the respective CRF-R1 (NBI 27914) or CRF-R2 (K41498) selective antagonists. The effects of i.c.v. CRF-R1 (stressin I) or CRF-R2 (Ucn-2) agonists on nociceptive paw pressure thresholds were measured by algesiometry. A i.c.v. administration of the CRF-R1 agonist stressin I significantly increased nociceptive thresholds in a dose-dependent manner ( F (4, 25) = 552.4; P < 0.001). B i.c.v. administration of the CRF-R2 agonist Ucn-2 significantly increased nociceptive thresholds ( F (4, 25) = 389.1; P < 0.001). C Dose-dependent antagonism of i.c.v. CRF-R1 agonist’s antinociception by co-administered CRF-R1 antagonist NBI 27914 ( F (4, 25) = 73.9; P < 0.001, one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s test). D ) Dose-dependent antagonism of i.c.v. Ucn-2 antinociception by co-administered CRF-R2 antagonist K41498 was significant ( F (5, 30) = 88.4; P < 0.001), *indicates significant differences from vehicle treatment; data points (n = 6) represent means ± SD

    Article Snippet: The following drugs were used: rat/human CRF (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO); CRF-R1 agonist stressin I and CRF-R1 antagonist NBI 27914 (Bio-Techne GmbH, Wiesbaden-Nordenstadt, Germany); CRF-R2 agonist urocortin-2 (Ucn-2), CRF-R2 antagonist K41498 (Bio-Techne GmbH, Wiesbaden-Nordenstadt, Germany); naloxone hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO).

    Techniques:

    The antinociceptive effects of i.c.v. CRF and CRF-R1 agonist stressin I and their antagonism by the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone in rats with inflamed hindpaws. The effects of i.c.v. co-administration of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone with CRF or CRF-R1 agonist stressin I on nociceptive thresholds were measured by algesiometer. A The i.c.v. CRF’s induced-antinociception was significantly reduced by co-administration of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone ( F (5, 30) = 384.8; P < 0.001). B Similarly, the antinociception resulting from i.c.v. CRF-R1 agonist stressin I was significantly attenuated by co-administered opioid receptor antagonist naloxone ( F (5, 30) = 400.8; P < 0.001) *indicates significant differences from vehicle treatment); data points ( n = 6) represent means ± SD

    Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

    Article Title: Superior control of inflammatory pain by corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 via opioid peptides in distinct pain-relevant brain areas

    doi: 10.1186/s12974-022-02498-8

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The antinociceptive effects of i.c.v. CRF and CRF-R1 agonist stressin I and their antagonism by the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone in rats with inflamed hindpaws. The effects of i.c.v. co-administration of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone with CRF or CRF-R1 agonist stressin I on nociceptive thresholds were measured by algesiometer. A The i.c.v. CRF’s induced-antinociception was significantly reduced by co-administration of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone ( F (5, 30) = 384.8; P < 0.001). B Similarly, the antinociception resulting from i.c.v. CRF-R1 agonist stressin I was significantly attenuated by co-administered opioid receptor antagonist naloxone ( F (5, 30) = 400.8; P < 0.001) *indicates significant differences from vehicle treatment); data points ( n = 6) represent means ± SD

    Article Snippet: The following drugs were used: rat/human CRF (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO); CRF-R1 agonist stressin I and CRF-R1 antagonist NBI 27914 (Bio-Techne GmbH, Wiesbaden-Nordenstadt, Germany); CRF-R2 agonist urocortin-2 (Ucn-2), CRF-R2 antagonist K41498 (Bio-Techne GmbH, Wiesbaden-Nordenstadt, Germany); naloxone hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO).

    Techniques:

    Double-immunofluorescence staining of CRF-R1 ( red fluorescence ) A – F or CRF-R2 G – I ( red fluorescence ) with proopiomelanocortin (POMC) ( green fluorescence ) B, H and vasopressin ( green fluorescence ) E in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the rat hypothalamus. A – C Double-immunofluorescence staining of coronal brain sections of the rat with hind paw inflammation showing that CRF-R1-immunoreactive neurons within PVN overlap with the opioid peptide precursor POMC ( A – C ). Some neurons express CRF-R1 or POMC only. D – F Show CRF-R1-immunoreactive neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) residing in close vicinity of vasopressin positive cells without any overlap of the two cell groups. G – I Show only few scattered CRF-R2-immunoreactive neurons without POMC overlap in the same region. Bar = 20 μm

    Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

    Article Title: Superior control of inflammatory pain by corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 via opioid peptides in distinct pain-relevant brain areas

    doi: 10.1186/s12974-022-02498-8

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Double-immunofluorescence staining of CRF-R1 ( red fluorescence ) A – F or CRF-R2 G – I ( red fluorescence ) with proopiomelanocortin (POMC) ( green fluorescence ) B, H and vasopressin ( green fluorescence ) E in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the rat hypothalamus. A – C Double-immunofluorescence staining of coronal brain sections of the rat with hind paw inflammation showing that CRF-R1-immunoreactive neurons within PVN overlap with the opioid peptide precursor POMC ( A – C ). Some neurons express CRF-R1 or POMC only. D – F Show CRF-R1-immunoreactive neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) residing in close vicinity of vasopressin positive cells without any overlap of the two cell groups. G – I Show only few scattered CRF-R2-immunoreactive neurons without POMC overlap in the same region. Bar = 20 μm

    Article Snippet: The following drugs were used: rat/human CRF (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO); CRF-R1 agonist stressin I and CRF-R1 antagonist NBI 27914 (Bio-Techne GmbH, Wiesbaden-Nordenstadt, Germany); CRF-R2 agonist urocortin-2 (Ucn-2), CRF-R2 antagonist K41498 (Bio-Techne GmbH, Wiesbaden-Nordenstadt, Germany); naloxone hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO).

    Techniques: Double Immunofluorescence Staining, Fluorescence

    Double-immunofluorescence staining of CRF-R1 ( red fluorescence ) A – F and POMC ( green fluorescence ) B , C or β-endorphin (END) ( green fluorescence ) E , F in the median eminence of the rat hypothalamus. A – F Show that most of CRF-R1-immunoreactive fibers express POMC ( C ) or END ( F ) in coronal sections of the rat brain of Wistar rats, but few fibers contain CRF-R1, POMC or END only. Bar = 20 µm

    Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

    Article Title: Superior control of inflammatory pain by corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 via opioid peptides in distinct pain-relevant brain areas

    doi: 10.1186/s12974-022-02498-8

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Double-immunofluorescence staining of CRF-R1 ( red fluorescence ) A – F and POMC ( green fluorescence ) B , C or β-endorphin (END) ( green fluorescence ) E , F in the median eminence of the rat hypothalamus. A – F Show that most of CRF-R1-immunoreactive fibers express POMC ( C ) or END ( F ) in coronal sections of the rat brain of Wistar rats, but few fibers contain CRF-R1, POMC or END only. Bar = 20 µm

    Article Snippet: The following drugs were used: rat/human CRF (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO); CRF-R1 agonist stressin I and CRF-R1 antagonist NBI 27914 (Bio-Techne GmbH, Wiesbaden-Nordenstadt, Germany); CRF-R2 agonist urocortin-2 (Ucn-2), CRF-R2 antagonist K41498 (Bio-Techne GmbH, Wiesbaden-Nordenstadt, Germany); naloxone hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO).

    Techniques: Double Immunofluorescence Staining, Fluorescence

    Double-immunofluorescence staining of CRF-R1 ( red fluorescence ) A , D , G and POMC ( green fluorescence ) B , E , H ( green fluorescence ) E in the thalamus A – C and periaqueductal grey D – I of rat brain. A – C Coronal sections of the rat brain with hindpaw inflammation show that most of CRF-R1-positive neurons in the thalamus region express POMC, but few fibers contain CRF-R1 or POMC only. D – F Coronal sections of the rat brain with hindpaw inflammation show co-localization of CRF-R1 with POMC neurons in the periaqueductal grey, but few fibers contain CRF-R1 or POMC only. Bar = 20 µm, G – I Higher magnification of D – F . Bar = 40 µm

    Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

    Article Title: Superior control of inflammatory pain by corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 via opioid peptides in distinct pain-relevant brain areas

    doi: 10.1186/s12974-022-02498-8

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Double-immunofluorescence staining of CRF-R1 ( red fluorescence ) A , D , G and POMC ( green fluorescence ) B , E , H ( green fluorescence ) E in the thalamus A – C and periaqueductal grey D – I of rat brain. A – C Coronal sections of the rat brain with hindpaw inflammation show that most of CRF-R1-positive neurons in the thalamus region express POMC, but few fibers contain CRF-R1 or POMC only. D – F Coronal sections of the rat brain with hindpaw inflammation show co-localization of CRF-R1 with POMC neurons in the periaqueductal grey, but few fibers contain CRF-R1 or POMC only. Bar = 20 µm, G – I Higher magnification of D – F . Bar = 40 µm

    Article Snippet: The following drugs were used: rat/human CRF (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO); CRF-R1 agonist stressin I and CRF-R1 antagonist NBI 27914 (Bio-Techne GmbH, Wiesbaden-Nordenstadt, Germany); CRF-R2 agonist urocortin-2 (Ucn-2), CRF-R2 antagonist K41498 (Bio-Techne GmbH, Wiesbaden-Nordenstadt, Germany); naloxone hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO).

    Techniques: Double Immunofluorescence Staining, Fluorescence

    Double-immunofluorescence staining of CRF-R1 ( red fluorescence ) A , D , G or CRF-R2 J – l with proopiomelanocortin (POMC) ( B , K ), β-endorphin (END) E and vasopressin H ( green fluorescence ) in the supraoptic area (SOA) of the rat hypothalamus. A – F Double-immunofluorescence staining of coronal sections of the rat brain with hind paw inflammation showing that CRF-R-immunoreactive neurons within SON overlap with the opioid peptide precursor POMC C or ( F ). Some neurons express CRF-R1 or POMC only. G – I Show the majority of CRF-R1-immunoreactive neurons residing in close vicinity, and rarely overlap (as indicated by yellow fluorescence) with vasopressin positive cells. J – L Show few scattered CRF-R2-immunoreactive neurons with only rare overlap with POMC-ir neurons. Bar = 20 μm

    Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

    Article Title: Superior control of inflammatory pain by corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 via opioid peptides in distinct pain-relevant brain areas

    doi: 10.1186/s12974-022-02498-8

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Double-immunofluorescence staining of CRF-R1 ( red fluorescence ) A , D , G or CRF-R2 J – l with proopiomelanocortin (POMC) ( B , K ), β-endorphin (END) E and vasopressin H ( green fluorescence ) in the supraoptic area (SOA) of the rat hypothalamus. A – F Double-immunofluorescence staining of coronal sections of the rat brain with hind paw inflammation showing that CRF-R-immunoreactive neurons within SON overlap with the opioid peptide precursor POMC C or ( F ). Some neurons express CRF-R1 or POMC only. G – I Show the majority of CRF-R1-immunoreactive neurons residing in close vicinity, and rarely overlap (as indicated by yellow fluorescence) with vasopressin positive cells. J – L Show few scattered CRF-R2-immunoreactive neurons with only rare overlap with POMC-ir neurons. Bar = 20 μm

    Article Snippet: The following drugs were used: rat/human CRF (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO); CRF-R1 agonist stressin I and CRF-R1 antagonist NBI 27914 (Bio-Techne GmbH, Wiesbaden-Nordenstadt, Germany); CRF-R2 agonist urocortin-2 (Ucn-2), CRF-R2 antagonist K41498 (Bio-Techne GmbH, Wiesbaden-Nordenstadt, Germany); naloxone hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO).

    Techniques: Double Immunofluorescence Staining, Fluorescence

    Double-immunofluorescence staining of CRF-R1 ( red fluorescence ) A , D with proopiomelanocortin (POMC) B or β-endorphin (END) E ( green fluorescence ) in the Locus coeruleus (LC) of the rat brain. A – F Double-immunofluorescence staining of coronal sections of the rat brain with hind paw inflammation showing co-expression of CRF-R1 with POMC C or END F within LC. Some neurons express CRF-R1, POMC or END only. Bar = 20 µm for A – C . Bar = 40 μm for ( D – F )

    Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

    Article Title: Superior control of inflammatory pain by corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 via opioid peptides in distinct pain-relevant brain areas

    doi: 10.1186/s12974-022-02498-8

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Double-immunofluorescence staining of CRF-R1 ( red fluorescence ) A , D with proopiomelanocortin (POMC) B or β-endorphin (END) E ( green fluorescence ) in the Locus coeruleus (LC) of the rat brain. A – F Double-immunofluorescence staining of coronal sections of the rat brain with hind paw inflammation showing co-expression of CRF-R1 with POMC C or END F within LC. Some neurons express CRF-R1, POMC or END only. Bar = 20 µm for A – C . Bar = 40 μm for ( D – F )

    Article Snippet: The following drugs were used: rat/human CRF (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO); CRF-R1 agonist stressin I and CRF-R1 antagonist NBI 27914 (Bio-Techne GmbH, Wiesbaden-Nordenstadt, Germany); CRF-R2 agonist urocortin-2 (Ucn-2), CRF-R2 antagonist K41498 (Bio-Techne GmbH, Wiesbaden-Nordenstadt, Germany); naloxone hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO).

    Techniques: Double Immunofluorescence Staining, Fluorescence, Expressing

    CRF-R1 and CRF-R2 mRNA expression in the hypothalamus region of the rat with 4 day FCA-induced hind paw inflammation. A RNA extraction from the rat hypothalamus, implementation of conventional PCR using specific primer pairs for CRF-R1 and CRF-R2, and subsequent visualization on a 2% agarose gel provided specific PCR products for the expression of CRF-R1 (280 bp) and CRF-R2 (230 bp) mRNA. B Shows the DNA melting profiles of the CRF-R1 (right) and CRF-R2 (left) specific primer pairs. C , D Quantification of CRF-R1 and CRF-R2 mRNA using Taqman® Real-Time PCR in the hypothalamus region of the rat brain. C The amplification profiles of the 18S- and CRF-R1- and CRF-R2-specific cDNA of rat hypothalamus. D The column graph representing % CRF-R1 mRNA expression relative to the expression of CRF-R2 mRNA. Note that CRF-R1 expression is more than threefold higher than that of CRF-R2 (experiments were done in duplicate from n = 5 rats, * P < 0.05, two-tailed independent Student t-test)

    Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

    Article Title: Superior control of inflammatory pain by corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 via opioid peptides in distinct pain-relevant brain areas

    doi: 10.1186/s12974-022-02498-8

    Figure Lengend Snippet: CRF-R1 and CRF-R2 mRNA expression in the hypothalamus region of the rat with 4 day FCA-induced hind paw inflammation. A RNA extraction from the rat hypothalamus, implementation of conventional PCR using specific primer pairs for CRF-R1 and CRF-R2, and subsequent visualization on a 2% agarose gel provided specific PCR products for the expression of CRF-R1 (280 bp) and CRF-R2 (230 bp) mRNA. B Shows the DNA melting profiles of the CRF-R1 (right) and CRF-R2 (left) specific primer pairs. C , D Quantification of CRF-R1 and CRF-R2 mRNA using Taqman® Real-Time PCR in the hypothalamus region of the rat brain. C The amplification profiles of the 18S- and CRF-R1- and CRF-R2-specific cDNA of rat hypothalamus. D The column graph representing % CRF-R1 mRNA expression relative to the expression of CRF-R2 mRNA. Note that CRF-R1 expression is more than threefold higher than that of CRF-R2 (experiments were done in duplicate from n = 5 rats, * P < 0.05, two-tailed independent Student t-test)

    Article Snippet: The following drugs were used: rat/human CRF (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO); CRF-R1 agonist stressin I and CRF-R1 antagonist NBI 27914 (Bio-Techne GmbH, Wiesbaden-Nordenstadt, Germany); CRF-R2 agonist urocortin-2 (Ucn-2), CRF-R2 antagonist K41498 (Bio-Techne GmbH, Wiesbaden-Nordenstadt, Germany); naloxone hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO).

    Techniques: Expressing, RNA Extraction, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Amplification, Two Tailed Test