sn6 (MedChemExpress)
Structured Review

Sn6, supplied by MedChemExpress, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 9 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/sn6/product/MedChemExpress
Average 93 stars, based on 9 article reviews
Images
1) Product Images from "Neuroprotection in neonatal Hypoxia-ischaemia: melatonin targets NCX1 to inhibit mitochondrial autophagy via the PINK1-Parkin pathway"
Article Title: Neuroprotection in neonatal Hypoxia-ischaemia: melatonin targets NCX1 to inhibit mitochondrial autophagy via the PINK1-Parkin pathway
Journal: Journal of Molecular Histology
doi: 10.1007/s10735-025-10601-5
Figure Legend Snippet: H&E staining revealed pathological alterations in neural cells and tissues across all experimental groups. a – c , Normal brain tissue and cell morphology in the Sham group, characterised by tightly arranged tissue and plump cells. d – f , Cell necrosis in the HI group was accompanied by spongy vacuolisation and numerous instances of nuclear condensation. g – i , Intact cell membranes in the Mel group, with visible nuclei and dense tissue structures and no vacuolisation. ( j – l ). Cell necrosis and cavity formation in the SN6 group, with significant destruction of tissue structure. Scale bar = 100 µm, Sham group (n = 6); HI group (n = 6); Mel group (n = 6); SN6 group (n = 6)
Techniques Used: Staining
Figure Legend Snippet: Whole-cell patch-clamp experiments to evaluate the effect of melatonin on neuronal excitability in newborn rats with HI-induced WMD, a Voltage–time curves: Action potentials were normal in the Sham group. The frequency of delivery significantly increased in the HI group. The waveform of the Mel group was similar to that of the Sham group, with a lower frequency than that of the HI group. In contrast, delivery in the SN6 group was more intensive than that in the Mel group, b Number of peak potentials: The number of peak potentials was significantly greater in the HI group than in the Sham group when the same current was used to stimulate the same time points. The number decreased in the Mel group but increased again in the SN6 group. Data for each group are expressed as the mean ± SEM, n = 7–10. Statistical significance: HI vs. Sham: ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001; Mel vs. HI: # p < 0.05 and ## p < 0.05; SN6 vs. Mel: & p < 0.05, c – d Threshold potentials and resting membrane potentials: The results revealed that both the threshold potential and the resting membrane potential were greater in the HI group than in the Sham group. In the Mel group, the HI-induced increase was inhibited, whereas in the SN6 group, the effect of Mel was partially reversed. The data for each group are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 7–10,; * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001)
Techniques Used: Patch Clamp, Membrane
Figure Legend Snippet: Water maze experiment to evaluate the effects of melatonin on learning and cognitive deficits in newborn rats with HI-induced WMD, a Schematic diagram of the water maze, b Path diagram of 28-day-old rats on Day 4 of the spatial navigation stage of the water maze, c Avoidance latency (sec) in the spatial navigation stage of the water maze in 28-day-old rats: The avoidance latency in the HI group was significantly shorter than that in the Sham group, and the time spent in the Mel group was significantly shorter than that in the HI group after drug administration for brain damage; the time spent in the SN6 group was significantly longer than that in the Mel group (n = 6), d Distance swam by the rats in each group during the spatial navigation phase (m). n = 6, data represent the mean ± SEM; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, ns > 0.05
Techniques Used:
Figure Legend Snippet: Evaluation of the protective effect of melatonin on myelin development in HI-induced neonatal rats by LFB staining of myelin sheaths and the expression of myelin marker proteins. a Myelin LFB staining (scale bar = 50 µm) was performed on rats aged 7, 14, and 21 days. The Sham group exhibited darker blue staining, indicating a dense myelin structure. In the HI group, the blue staining was relatively weak, reflecting a loose structure with disorganised nerve fibres. Compared with the HI group, the Mel group presented darker staining, indicating a denser myelin structure, b The mean optical density values of myelin LFB staining for the various groups (n = 6), c – e The expression of the myelin proteins PLP and MAG decreased in the HI group, increased in the Mel group, and decreased again in the SN6 group (n = 4). The data represent the mean ± SEM; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001
Techniques Used: Staining, Expressing, Marker
Figure Legend Snippet: Simple Western blot analysis to evaluate the effect of melatonin on the expression levels of mitochondrial autophagy-related proteins. ( a and e ), Simple Western blot analysis of target protein expression, b – d and f – h Peak area under the curve; a – d The expression of the autophagy-related proteins LC3β, Parkin, and PINK1 was upregulated in the HI group significantly suppressed in the Mel group but partially reversed in the SN6 group, indicating a mitigation of the effect of melatonin (n = 4); e – h There were no significant differences in the expression of autophagy-related proteins among the S, S + M, and S + M + N groups (n = 3). Data represent the mean ± SEM; ns p > 0.05, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001
Techniques Used: Simple Western, Expressing
Figure Legend Snippet: Transmission electron microscopy was used to evaluate the protective effects of melatonin on myelin development in newborn rats with HI-induced WMD. a – d Myelin ultrastructure (scale bar = 200 nm): a In the Sham group, the myelin plate layers were dense and well arranged, b In the HI group, the myelin plate layers are twisted, and interplate vacuoles are formed, c In the Mel group, the myelin plate layers are well arranged among the structures, d In the SN6 group, the myelin plate layers are lax and disorganised, e – h Mitochondrial ultrastructure (scale bar = 500 nm), e Mitochondria in the Sham group were intact with visible intracellular mitochondrial cristae, f Mitochondrial cells in the HI group were necrotic and liquefied, with vacuoles formed and mitochondrial cristae disappeared, g The mitochondrial chromatin in the Mel group was clear, with some visible mitochondrial cristae, h Mitochondria in the SN6 group were disrupted, and vacuole-like degeneration occurred, i – j Mitochondrial autophagosomes (scale bar = 500 nm): Autophagolysosomes with a double-layered membrane structure
Techniques Used: Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Membrane
Figure Legend Snippet: Immunohistochemical and simple Western blot analysis to evaluate the effect of melatonin on NCX1 expression activity. a Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression levels of NCX1 in neonatal rats at 7, 14, and 21 days. In the Sham group, normal NCX1 protein expression was observed in the brain. Compared with the Sham group, the HI group showed significantly greater NCX1-positive staining at 7 days of age after the brain injury. However, the positive results for NCX1 were diminished at 14 and 21 days of age. In contrast, strong positive expression was demonstrated in the Mel group at 14 and 21 days of age. Compared with the Mel group, the SN6 group exhibited high expression at 7 days of age and low expression at 14 and 21 days of age; scale bar = 20 µm, b Average optical density (AOD) of NCX1 staining in each group (n = 6), c – d NCX1 protein expression exhibited dynamic changes in the HI group, with an increase observed on postnatal Day 7 compared with that in the Sham group but a significant decrease on Days 14 and 21. This trend was reversed in the Mel group, whose expression was lower than that in the HI group on Day 7 but significantly greater on Days 14 and 21. In the SN6 group, expression was upregulated on Day 7 but decreased at subsequent time points (n = 4), e There were no significant differences in the expression of NCX1 or autophagy-related proteins among the S, S + M, and S + M + N groups (n = 3); the data represent the mean ± SEM; ns p > 0.05, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001
Techniques Used: Immunohistochemical staining, Simple Western, Expressing, Activity Assay, Immunohistochemistry, Staining

