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Histological assessment and pathogen burden after eATP treatment. C57BL/6 mice were intratracheally infected with 107 M. pneumoniae for 2 h. Thereafter, 40 µL of CM (or <t>200-µmol</t> <t>ATP)</t> was nasally instilled (once daily for 3 days) or mice were intraperitoneally administered <t>oxATP</t> (6mg/kg) (30 min prior to CM administration). The mice were euthanized, and their lung tissues were subsequently analyzed using histological techniques (A); the BALF was examined for IL-1β and IL-18 concentrations (B).(C and D) M. pneumoniae burden in lung and CFUs in BALF were quantified using quantitative PCR (qPCR) for the Mp P1-adhesin gene relative to GAPDH and cultured on solid pleuropneumonia-like organism (PPLO) agar plates, respectively. (E and F) Mice were nasally instilled 107 M. pneumoniae plus 0.25-µmol 2-DG. The tissue was obtained for qPCR or cultured on PPLO agar 72 h after infection. Data are derived from the results of one experiment representative of three independent experiments performed with n = 4–6 mice per group. *P < 0.05, as compared with indicated groups.

Oxatp, supplied by Millipore, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/oxatp/oxatp/pmc10863416-351-7-11
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews

oxatp - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10

90/100 stars

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1) Product Images from "Aerobic glycolysis of bronchial epithelial cells rewires Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and promotes bacterial elimination"

Article Title: Aerobic glycolysis of bronchial epithelial cells rewires Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and promotes bacterial elimination

Journal: Infection and Immunity

doi: 10.1128/iai.00248-23

Figure Legend Snippet: Histological assessment and pathogen burden after eATP treatment. C57BL/6 mice were intratracheally infected with 107 M. pneumoniae for 2 h. Thereafter, 40 µL of CM (or 200-µmol ATP) was nasally instilled (once daily for 3 days) or mice were intraperitoneally administered oxATP (6mg/kg) (30 min prior to CM administration). The mice were euthanized, and their lung tissues were subsequently analyzed using histological techniques (A); the BALF was examined for IL-1β and IL-18 concentrations (B).(C and D) M. pneumoniae burden in lung and CFUs in BALF were quantified using quantitative PCR (qPCR) for the Mp P1-adhesin gene relative to GAPDH and cultured on solid pleuropneumonia-like organism (PPLO) agar plates, respectively. (E and F) Mice were nasally instilled 107 M. pneumoniae plus 0.25-µmol 2-DG. The tissue was obtained for qPCR or cultured on PPLO agar 72 h after infection. Data are derived from the results of one experiment representative of three independent experiments performed with n = 4–6 mice per group. *P < 0.05, as compared with indicated groups.

Techniques Used: Infection, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Cell Culture, Derivative Assay

other:

Article Title: Macrocyclic lactones and uses thereof as modulators of purinergic receptors
Article Snippet: Human melanoma (A2058, A375) and pancreatic cancer (PANC1, MiaPaca-2) lines were a gift from Don Diamond, City of Hope National Medical Center.

Saline:

Article Title: Inhibition of P2X7 receptor ameliorates transient global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via modulating inflammatory responses in the rat hippocampus
Article Snippet: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) before and after clamping the bilateral CCAs was monitored using a laser Doppler blood flow monitor(PeriFlux System5000, Perimed, Sweden), and rats with a decrease in CBF of less than 80% were excluded [ ]. .. To study the neuron survival rate in the hippocampal CA1 region after transient global cerebral I/R injury, rats were divided into eight groups: sham group (sham operated), saline group (I/R + saline 2μL intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.), BBG (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) 1 μg, 5 μg, and 10 μg groups (I/R + BBG 1 μg/5 μg/10 μgi.c.v.), OxATP (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) 1 μg, 5 μg, and10 μg groups (I/R + OxATP 1 μg/5 μg/10 μgi.c.v.) and A-438079 (Tocris Bioscience, Ellisville, MO) 0.03 μg, 0.3 μg, and 3 μg groups (I/R + A-438079 0.03 μg/0.3 μg/3 μgi.c.v.). ..

Injection:

Article Title: Effective Combination Adjuvants Engage Both TLR and Inflammasome Pathways to Promote Potent Adaptive Immune Responses
Article Snippet: In experiments with apyrase, high activity apyrase (10 U per leg, Sigma, A2230-100UN) was included in the immunization mix. .. In experiments with oxATP (Sigma, A6779), mice were injected twice intramuscularly with 100 μL of 6 mM oxATP on days -2 and -1 prior immunization with GLA-SE. ..

Adjuvant:

Article Title: Production, characterization, and application of a monoclonal antibody specific for the extracellular domain of human P2X7R.
Article Snippet: This paper focuses on the production of a high-affinity monoclonal antibody (mAb) that can efficiently detect and block purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7 receptor (P2X7R).. To achieve this goal, the extracellular domain of human P2X7R, P2X7R-ECD, was used as an immunogen for BALB/c mice, inducing them to produce spleen lymphocytes that were subsequently fused with myeloma cells.. Screening of the resultant hybridoma clones resulted in the selection of one stable positive clone that produced a qualified mAb, named 4B3A4.

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Summary of the key findings in functional in vivo papers

Journal: Clinical Autonomic Research

Article Title: The relevance of the superior cervical ganglion for cardiac autonomic innervation in health and disease: a systematic review

doi: 10.1007/s10286-024-01019-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of the key findings in functional in vivo papers

Article Snippet: Liu et al. , 2013 , Postnatal , 64 , Sprague–Dawley , LAD occlusion-induced MI , NR , – , NR , – , OxATP, TNFα, IL-6, CK-MB, CK, LDH, cardiac troponin I, glutamine synthetase, ERK, TH, substance P, neuronal nuclei, ECG (Q wave), blood pressure, heart rate , – , Yes.

Techniques: Functional Assay, In Vivo, Blocking Assay, shRNA, Dissection, Activity Assay, Marker

Journal: Infection and Immunity

Article Title: Aerobic glycolysis of bronchial epithelial cells rewires Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and promotes bacterial elimination

doi: 10.1128/iai.00248-23

Figure Lengend Snippet: Histological assessment and pathogen burden after eATP treatment. C57BL/6 mice were intratracheally infected with 107 M. pneumoniae for 2 h. Thereafter, 40 µL of CM (or 200-µmol ATP) was nasally instilled (once daily for 3 days) or mice were intraperitoneally administered oxATP (6mg/kg) (30 min prior to CM administration). The mice were euthanized, and their lung tissues were subsequently analyzed using histological techniques (A); the BALF was examined for IL-1β and IL-18 concentrations (B).(C and D) M. pneumoniae burden in lung and CFUs in BALF were quantified using quantitative PCR (qPCR) for the Mp P1-adhesin gene relative to GAPDH and cultured on solid pleuropneumonia-like organism (PPLO) agar plates, respectively. (E and F) Mice were nasally instilled 107 M. pneumoniae plus 0.25-µmol 2-DG. The tissue was obtained for qPCR or cultured on PPLO agar 72 h after infection. Data are derived from the results of one experiment representative of three independent experiments performed with n = 4–6 mice per group. *P < 0.05, as compared with indicated groups.

Article Snippet: CBX, 2-DG, NEM, FFA, 18-GA, ATP, and oxATP were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich.

Techniques: Infection, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Cell Culture, Derivative Assay

P2X7 receptor expression in NSCLC cells and activation mediates Ca2+ influx and uptake of YO-PRO-1 in A549 cells. (a)Western blotting analysis of P2X7 receptor protein expression in A549 cells. (b) The fluorescence intensity of intracellular Ca2+ in A549 cells was detected by Fluo-4, AM. Treatment with ATP (3 mM) or BzATP (300 µM), or pretreatment with A438079 (100 µM) for 2 h followed by ATP or BzATP. Intracellular Ca2+ fluorescence intensity was measured by a multifunctional microplate reader, and relative fluorescence units (RFUs) were measured every 8 s for 5 min. (c) Comparison of intracellular Ca2+ fluorescence intensity between different treatments. (d) The fluorescence intensity of YO-PRO-1 uptake by A549 cells was measured by a multifunctional microplate reader. Treatment with ATP (5 mM) or BzATP (500 µM), or pretreatment with A438079 (100 µM) for 2 h followed by ATP or BzATP. (e) Comparison of fluorescence intensity of YO-PRO-1 uptake by different treatments. (f) The fluorescence intensity of YO-PRO-1 uptake by A549 cells in different treatment groups was observed under fluorescence microscopy. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. Control group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.01 vs. ATP group; $P < 0.05, $$P < 0.01, $$$P < 0.01 vs. BzATP group

Journal: Purinergic Signalling

Article Title: P2X7 receptor promotes migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells through the PI3K/Akt pathways

doi: 10.1007/s11302-023-09928-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: P2X7 receptor expression in NSCLC cells and activation mediates Ca2+ influx and uptake of YO-PRO-1 in A549 cells. (a)Western blotting analysis of P2X7 receptor protein expression in A549 cells. (b) The fluorescence intensity of intracellular Ca2+ in A549 cells was detected by Fluo-4, AM. Treatment with ATP (3 mM) or BzATP (300 µM), or pretreatment with A438079 (100 µM) for 2 h followed by ATP or BzATP. Intracellular Ca2+ fluorescence intensity was measured by a multifunctional microplate reader, and relative fluorescence units (RFUs) were measured every 8 s for 5 min. (c) Comparison of intracellular Ca2+ fluorescence intensity between different treatments. (d) The fluorescence intensity of YO-PRO-1 uptake by A549 cells was measured by a multifunctional microplate reader. Treatment with ATP (5 mM) or BzATP (500 µM), or pretreatment with A438079 (100 µM) for 2 h followed by ATP or BzATP. (e) Comparison of fluorescence intensity of YO-PRO-1 uptake by different treatments. (f) The fluorescence intensity of YO-PRO-1 uptake by A549 cells in different treatment groups was observed under fluorescence microscopy. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. Control group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.01 vs. ATP group; $P < 0.05, $$P < 0.01, $$$P < 0.01 vs. BzATP group

Article Snippet: ATP, 2′(3′)-O-(4-Benzoylbenzoyl)-adenosine-5'-triphosphate (BzATP, P2X7 receptor agonist), Oxidized ATP (oxATP, P2X7 receptor antagonist), YO-PRO-1, PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 were purchased from Sigma (St Louis, MO, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Activation Assay, Western Blot, Fluorescence, Comparison, Microscopy

P2X7 receptor enhances migration and invasion of A549 cells. A549 cells were pretreated with or without the P2X7 receptor antagonist A438079 (100 µM) or oxATP (150 µM) for 2 h and then treated with or without ATP (1 mM) or BzATP (200 µM) for 24 h. (a, d) The migration ability of A549 cells was detected by wound healing assay. (b, e) Transwell migration assay was used to detect the migration ability of A549 cells. (c, f) Transwell invasion assay was used to detect the invasive ability of A549 cells. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. Control group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.01 vs. ATP group; $P < 0.05, $$P < 0.01, $$$P < 0.01 vs. BzATP group

Journal: Purinergic Signalling

Article Title: P2X7 receptor promotes migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells through the PI3K/Akt pathways

doi: 10.1007/s11302-023-09928-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: P2X7 receptor enhances migration and invasion of A549 cells. A549 cells were pretreated with or without the P2X7 receptor antagonist A438079 (100 µM) or oxATP (150 µM) for 2 h and then treated with or without ATP (1 mM) or BzATP (200 µM) for 24 h. (a, d) The migration ability of A549 cells was detected by wound healing assay. (b, e) Transwell migration assay was used to detect the migration ability of A549 cells. (c, f) Transwell invasion assay was used to detect the invasive ability of A549 cells. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. Control group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.01 vs. ATP group; $P < 0.05, $$P < 0.01, $$$P < 0.01 vs. BzATP group

Techniques: Migration, Wound Healing Assay, Transwell Migration Assay, Transwell Invasion Assay

P2X7 receptor regulates the expression of EMT markers in A549 cells. A549 cells were pretreated with or without the P2X7 receptor antagonist A438079 (100 µM) or oxATP (150 µM) for 2 h and then treated with or without ATP (1 mM) or BzATP (200 µM) for 24 h. (a-c) The expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin was detected by qRT-PCR. (d) The expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin was detected by western blotting. (e–g) The relative protein expression levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin under different treatment conditions were analyzed. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. Control group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.01 vs. ATP group; $P < 0.05, $$P < 0.01, $$$P < 0.01 vs. BzATP group

Journal: Purinergic Signalling

Article Title: P2X7 receptor promotes migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells through the PI3K/Akt pathways

doi: 10.1007/s11302-023-09928-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: P2X7 receptor regulates the expression of EMT markers in A549 cells. A549 cells were pretreated with or without the P2X7 receptor antagonist A438079 (100 µM) or oxATP (150 µM) for 2 h and then treated with or without ATP (1 mM) or BzATP (200 µM) for 24 h. (a-c) The expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin was detected by qRT-PCR. (d) The expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin was detected by western blotting. (e–g) The relative protein expression levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin under different treatment conditions were analyzed. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. Control group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.01 vs. ATP group; $P < 0.05, $$P < 0.01, $$$P < 0.01 vs. BzATP group

Techniques: Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot

PI3K/Akt is involved in P2X7 receptor-mediated migration and invasion of A549 cells. A549 cells were pretreated with or without A438079 (100 µM) or oxATP (150 µM) for 2 h and then treated with or without ATP (1 mM) or BzATP (200 µM). (a) The protein expression of Akt, p-Akt and GAPDH was detected by western blotting. (b) The relative expression levels of p-Akt under different treatment conditions were analyzed. A549 cells were pretreated with or without PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (10 µM) for 1 h and then treated with ATP (1 mM) or BzATP (200 µM) for 24 h. (c, d) The migration ability of A549 cells was detected by wound healing assay. (e, f) Transwell migration assay was used to detect the migration ability of A549 cells. (g, h) Transwell invasion assay was used to detect the invasive ability of A549 cells. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. Control group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.01 vs. ATP group; $P < 0.05, $$P < 0.01, $$$P < 0.01 vs. BzATP group

Journal: Purinergic Signalling

Article Title: P2X7 receptor promotes migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells through the PI3K/Akt pathways

doi: 10.1007/s11302-023-09928-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: PI3K/Akt is involved in P2X7 receptor-mediated migration and invasion of A549 cells. A549 cells were pretreated with or without A438079 (100 µM) or oxATP (150 µM) for 2 h and then treated with or without ATP (1 mM) or BzATP (200 µM). (a) The protein expression of Akt, p-Akt and GAPDH was detected by western blotting. (b) The relative expression levels of p-Akt under different treatment conditions were analyzed. A549 cells were pretreated with or without PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (10 µM) for 1 h and then treated with ATP (1 mM) or BzATP (200 µM) for 24 h. (c, d) The migration ability of A549 cells was detected by wound healing assay. (e, f) Transwell migration assay was used to detect the migration ability of A549 cells. (g, h) Transwell invasion assay was used to detect the invasive ability of A549 cells. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. Control group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.01 vs. ATP group; $P < 0.05, $$P < 0.01, $$$P < 0.01 vs. BzATP group

Techniques: Migration, Expressing, Western Blot, Wound Healing Assay, Transwell Migration Assay, Transwell Invasion Assay

P2X7 receptor affects the expression of EMT-related markers and the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in vivo. (a) Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin in the transplanted tumor tissues. (b) Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin in the transplanted tumor tissues. (c) The relative protein expression levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin under different treatment conditions were analyzed. (d) Western blotting was used to analyze the relative expression level of p-Akt in the transplanted tumor tissues. (e) The relative protein expression levels of p-Akt under different treatment conditions were analyzed. Data are presented as mean ± SD, n = 6 mice/group, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. Control group

Journal: Purinergic Signalling

Article Title: P2X7 receptor promotes migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells through the PI3K/Akt pathways

doi: 10.1007/s11302-023-09928-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: P2X7 receptor affects the expression of EMT-related markers and the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in vivo. (a) Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin in the transplanted tumor tissues. (b) Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin in the transplanted tumor tissues. (c) The relative protein expression levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin under different treatment conditions were analyzed. (d) Western blotting was used to analyze the relative expression level of p-Akt in the transplanted tumor tissues. (e) The relative protein expression levels of p-Akt under different treatment conditions were analyzed. Data are presented as mean ± SD, n = 6 mice/group, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. Control group

Techniques: Expressing, Activation Assay, In Vivo, Immunohistochemistry, Staining, Western Blot

Treatment with antagonists of the purinergic purinoreceptor 7 (P2X7R) in macrophages enhanced intracellular multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis growth in cells treated with active vitamin D 3 (vitD) + phenylbutyrate (PBA) in combination with isoniazid (INH). Intracellular growth in Mycobacterium tuberculosis –infected macrophages was assessed on treatment with vitD+PBA alone or in combination with rifampicin (RIF) or INH and in the presence or absence of antagonists of the P2X7 receptor, KN62, and oxidized ATP (oxATP). Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) were infected with the MDR tuberculosis strain resistant to RIF+INH+ pyrazinamide (PZA) + ethambutol (EMB) ( A ) or the laboratory strain H37Rv ( B ) and treated with vitD+PBA alone or together with RIF or INH, in the presence or absence of KN62 or oxATP. Intracellular growth inhibition was determined using colony-forming unit counts and presented as the percentage M. tuberculosis growth in macrophages (with the M. tuberculosis –infected untreated control defined as 100% growth). MDMs were preincubated for 1 hour with KN62 (100 nmol/L) or oxATP (10 µmol/L) before M. tuberculosis infection and treatment with vitD+PBA and RIF or INH. Fixed concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (10 nmol) and PBA (2 mmol/L) as well as the indicated doses of RIF and INH or synthetic LL-37 (1 µg/mL) were used ( black bars ). Results were obtained from 6 donors. Data (means with standard deviations) are presented in bar graphs showing groups with ( light gray bars ) or without ( white bars ) vitD+PBA treatment and groups with RIF and vitD+PBA ( medium gray bars ) as well as INH and vitD+PBA (dark gray bars). Statistical significance was determined using 1-way analysis of variance and Sidak multiple-comparisons test. * P < .05; ** P < .01; *** P < .0005; **** P < .0001.

Journal: The Journal of Infectious Diseases

Article Title: Immunomodulatory Agents Combat Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis by Improving Antimicrobial Immunity

doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiab100

Figure Lengend Snippet: Treatment with antagonists of the purinergic purinoreceptor 7 (P2X7R) in macrophages enhanced intracellular multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis growth in cells treated with active vitamin D 3 (vitD) + phenylbutyrate (PBA) in combination with isoniazid (INH). Intracellular growth in Mycobacterium tuberculosis –infected macrophages was assessed on treatment with vitD+PBA alone or in combination with rifampicin (RIF) or INH and in the presence or absence of antagonists of the P2X7 receptor, KN62, and oxidized ATP (oxATP). Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) were infected with the MDR tuberculosis strain resistant to RIF+INH+ pyrazinamide (PZA) + ethambutol (EMB) ( A ) or the laboratory strain H37Rv ( B ) and treated with vitD+PBA alone or together with RIF or INH, in the presence or absence of KN62 or oxATP. Intracellular growth inhibition was determined using colony-forming unit counts and presented as the percentage M. tuberculosis growth in macrophages (with the M. tuberculosis –infected untreated control defined as 100% growth). MDMs were preincubated for 1 hour with KN62 (100 nmol/L) or oxATP (10 µmol/L) before M. tuberculosis infection and treatment with vitD+PBA and RIF or INH. Fixed concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (10 nmol) and PBA (2 mmol/L) as well as the indicated doses of RIF and INH or synthetic LL-37 (1 µg/mL) were used ( black bars ). Results were obtained from 6 donors. Data (means with standard deviations) are presented in bar graphs showing groups with ( light gray bars ) or without ( white bars ) vitD+PBA treatment and groups with RIF and vitD+PBA ( medium gray bars ) as well as INH and vitD+PBA (dark gray bars). Statistical significance was determined using 1-way analysis of variance and Sidak multiple-comparisons test. * P < .05; ** P < .01; *** P < .0005; **** P < .0001.

Article Snippet: Rapamycin (100 nmol/L), the purinoreceptor 7 (P2X7R) antagonists, KN62 (100 nmol/L), oxidized adenosine triphosphate (oxATP) (10 µmol/L), and the proton-pump inhibitor, bafilomycin A1 (100 nmol/L) were from Sigma-Aldrich.

Techniques: Infection, Derivative Assay, Inhibition

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oxatp (Millipore)

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1) Product Images from "Aerobic glycolysis of bronchial epithelial cells rewires Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and promotes bacterial elimination"

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