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ma104  (ATCC)


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    Structured Review

    ATCC ma104
    (A) <t>MA104</t> cells were pre-treated with DMSO or 10 μM UA for 1 h and then infected with different RV strains SA-11, RRV, and NCDV at an MOI of 1 in the presence of the compounds. At 15 h post infection (p.i.), the supernatants were collected, and infectious particles were titrated using the plaque assay method. Each boxplot represents the mean titer after DMSO or 10 μM UA treatment of three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a Student’s t-test (*p< 0.05, **p < 0.01). (B) MA104 cells were pre-treated with DMSO or 10 μM UA for 1 h, and then the LD accumulation was induced with 100 µM OA for 2 h. Then, the cells were incubated with Bodipy, fixed, and analyzed by CLSM. The left panel shows representative microscopy images, and the boxplots represent the mean number and size of LD of three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a Student’s t-test (**p < 0.01). The scale bar represents 10 μm. (C-F) Physical characterization of lenses upon UA incorporation, obtained from compression isotherms and imaging of EPC:TG:UA monolayers (C) Lateral pressure at which TG are segregated from the film (π EX ) determined at the sharp kink on the isotherms. (D) Lateral radius ( i.e , from top view of the monolayer) of each individual lens. (E) Lens density (number of lenses/μm 2 ). ( F) Thickness of each individual lens, computed from BAM reflectivity using the equation included in Materials and Methods section. Statistical significance was evaluated for each %UA against the control of %UA=0 using the Tukey test (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001). C-F plots were generated using SigmaPlot for Windows v15 (Systat, USA).
    Ma104, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 370 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    Average 96 stars, based on 370 article reviews
    ma104 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-05
    96/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "Ursolic Acid Inhibits Rotavirus Replication Through Modulation Of Lipid Droplet Homeostasis"

    Article Title: Ursolic Acid Inhibits Rotavirus Replication Through Modulation Of Lipid Droplet Homeostasis

    Journal: bioRxiv

    doi: 10.64898/2026.04.13.718265

    (A) MA104 cells were pre-treated with DMSO or 10 μM UA for 1 h and then infected with different RV strains SA-11, RRV, and NCDV at an MOI of 1 in the presence of the compounds. At 15 h post infection (p.i.), the supernatants were collected, and infectious particles were titrated using the plaque assay method. Each boxplot represents the mean titer after DMSO or 10 μM UA treatment of three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a Student’s t-test (*p< 0.05, **p < 0.01). (B) MA104 cells were pre-treated with DMSO or 10 μM UA for 1 h, and then the LD accumulation was induced with 100 µM OA for 2 h. Then, the cells were incubated with Bodipy, fixed, and analyzed by CLSM. The left panel shows representative microscopy images, and the boxplots represent the mean number and size of LD of three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a Student’s t-test (**p < 0.01). The scale bar represents 10 μm. (C-F) Physical characterization of lenses upon UA incorporation, obtained from compression isotherms and imaging of EPC:TG:UA monolayers (C) Lateral pressure at which TG are segregated from the film (π EX ) determined at the sharp kink on the isotherms. (D) Lateral radius ( i.e , from top view of the monolayer) of each individual lens. (E) Lens density (number of lenses/μm 2 ). ( F) Thickness of each individual lens, computed from BAM reflectivity using the equation included in Materials and Methods section. Statistical significance was evaluated for each %UA against the control of %UA=0 using the Tukey test (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001). C-F plots were generated using SigmaPlot for Windows v15 (Systat, USA).
    Figure Legend Snippet: (A) MA104 cells were pre-treated with DMSO or 10 μM UA for 1 h and then infected with different RV strains SA-11, RRV, and NCDV at an MOI of 1 in the presence of the compounds. At 15 h post infection (p.i.), the supernatants were collected, and infectious particles were titrated using the plaque assay method. Each boxplot represents the mean titer after DMSO or 10 μM UA treatment of three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a Student’s t-test (*p< 0.05, **p < 0.01). (B) MA104 cells were pre-treated with DMSO or 10 μM UA for 1 h, and then the LD accumulation was induced with 100 µM OA for 2 h. Then, the cells were incubated with Bodipy, fixed, and analyzed by CLSM. The left panel shows representative microscopy images, and the boxplots represent the mean number and size of LD of three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a Student’s t-test (**p < 0.01). The scale bar represents 10 μm. (C-F) Physical characterization of lenses upon UA incorporation, obtained from compression isotherms and imaging of EPC:TG:UA monolayers (C) Lateral pressure at which TG are segregated from the film (π EX ) determined at the sharp kink on the isotherms. (D) Lateral radius ( i.e , from top view of the monolayer) of each individual lens. (E) Lens density (number of lenses/μm 2 ). ( F) Thickness of each individual lens, computed from BAM reflectivity using the equation included in Materials and Methods section. Statistical significance was evaluated for each %UA against the control of %UA=0 using the Tukey test (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001). C-F plots were generated using SigmaPlot for Windows v15 (Systat, USA).

    Techniques Used: Infection, Plaque Assay, Incubation, Microscopy, Imaging, Control, Generated

    (A) MA104 cells were treated with 100 µM OA for 2 h and then treated with DMSO or 10 µM UA for 1 h. Then, the cells were incubated with Bodipy, fixed, and analyzed by CLSM. The left panel shows representative microscopy images. The scale bar represents 10 µm. The boxplots represent the mean number and size of LD of three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a Student’s t-test (**p < 0.01, ****p<0.0001). (B) MA104 cells were treated with 100 µM OA for 2 h and then treated with DMSO or 10 µM UA during 1 h as in (A). Additionally, cells were treated with DMSO or 10 µM UA alone. Then, they were incubated with Bodipy, and the fluorescence intensity was analyzed by flow cytometry. 10,000 events per condition were evaluated from four independent experiments. The left panel shows representative histograms, where the area under the curve corresponds to the fluorescence intensity. The boxplot represents the fluorescence intensity means for each condition. The means were analyzed by a Student’s t-test (***p<0.001; ****p< 0.0001). (C) MA104 cells were treated with 100 µM OA for 2 h and then incubated with DMSO or 10 µM UA during 0, 2, 4, or 6 h. Then, the cells were incubated with Bodipy, fixed, and analyzed by CLSM. The upper panel shows representative microscopy images where the scale bar represents 10 µm. The boxplots represent the mean number and size of LD of three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a paired-wise Student’s t-test (**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).
    Figure Legend Snippet: (A) MA104 cells were treated with 100 µM OA for 2 h and then treated with DMSO or 10 µM UA for 1 h. Then, the cells were incubated with Bodipy, fixed, and analyzed by CLSM. The left panel shows representative microscopy images. The scale bar represents 10 µm. The boxplots represent the mean number and size of LD of three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a Student’s t-test (**p < 0.01, ****p<0.0001). (B) MA104 cells were treated with 100 µM OA for 2 h and then treated with DMSO or 10 µM UA during 1 h as in (A). Additionally, cells were treated with DMSO or 10 µM UA alone. Then, they were incubated with Bodipy, and the fluorescence intensity was analyzed by flow cytometry. 10,000 events per condition were evaluated from four independent experiments. The left panel shows representative histograms, where the area under the curve corresponds to the fluorescence intensity. The boxplot represents the fluorescence intensity means for each condition. The means were analyzed by a Student’s t-test (***p<0.001; ****p< 0.0001). (C) MA104 cells were treated with 100 µM OA for 2 h and then incubated with DMSO or 10 µM UA during 0, 2, 4, or 6 h. Then, the cells were incubated with Bodipy, fixed, and analyzed by CLSM. The upper panel shows representative microscopy images where the scale bar represents 10 µm. The boxplots represent the mean number and size of LD of three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a paired-wise Student’s t-test (**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).

    Techniques Used: Incubation, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Flow Cytometry

    MA104 EGFP-NSP5 cells were infected with RV at an MOI of 1 and analyzed at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h post infection (p.i.). Then, the cells were incubated with the LD red, fluorescent probe Lipid Tox, fixed, and analyzed by CLSM. The VP were evidenced by the green, EGFP-derived fluorescent dots. The left panel shows representative microscopy images where the scale bar represents 10 µm. The boxplots on the right side represent the mean number and size of LD and VP of three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a paired-wise Student’s t-test (***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001).
    Figure Legend Snippet: MA104 EGFP-NSP5 cells were infected with RV at an MOI of 1 and analyzed at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h post infection (p.i.). Then, the cells were incubated with the LD red, fluorescent probe Lipid Tox, fixed, and analyzed by CLSM. The VP were evidenced by the green, EGFP-derived fluorescent dots. The left panel shows representative microscopy images where the scale bar represents 10 µm. The boxplots on the right side represent the mean number and size of LD and VP of three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a paired-wise Student’s t-test (***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001).

    Techniques Used: Infection, Incubation, Derivative Assay, Microscopy

    MA104 cells were treated with DMSO or 10 μM UA for 1 h, then infected with RV at an MOI of 1 and left until 0, 2, 4, and 6 h post infection (p.i.) in the presence of DMSO (left panel) or 10 μM UA (right panel). We colored the LD in green with Bodipy and used anti-NSP2 antibodies to detect the VP. The scale bar represents 10 µm. The boxplots below represent the mean number and size of LD and VP in three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a paired-wise Student’s t-test (*p < 0.1, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).
    Figure Legend Snippet: MA104 cells were treated with DMSO or 10 μM UA for 1 h, then infected with RV at an MOI of 1 and left until 0, 2, 4, and 6 h post infection (p.i.) in the presence of DMSO (left panel) or 10 μM UA (right panel). We colored the LD in green with Bodipy and used anti-NSP2 antibodies to detect the VP. The scale bar represents 10 µm. The boxplots below represent the mean number and size of LD and VP in three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a paired-wise Student’s t-test (*p < 0.1, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).

    Techniques Used: Infection

    (A) MA104 cells were treated with 10 μM UA for 1, 2, 4, 6, or 8 h. Cells were then processed for Western blot analysis, and GAPDH protein levels were detected. Ponceau S staining was used as a loading control. The boxplot was generated from four independent experiments. Statistical significance was assessed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001). (B) MA104 cells were pre-treated with DMSO or 10 μM UA and infected with RV at an MOI of 1 in the presence of the compounds. At 0, 2, 4, and 6 h post-infection (p.i.), cells were collected and processed for Western blot analysis. OA was used as a control for lipid overload and lipolytic stimulation, whereas the combination of TOFA and OA was used as a control for induction associated with inhibition of lipid synthesis. To confirm cellular infection, RV VP8 protein levels were detected. Ponceau S staining was used as a loading control. The boxplots shown were generated from four independent experiments. Statistical significance was assessed using Student’s t -test (*p < 0.1, **p < 0.01). (C) MA104 cells were pre-treated with DMSO or 10 μM UA and infected with RV at an MOI of 1 in the presence of the compounds. Infection was stopped at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h post-infection (p.i.), and cells were incubated with Bodipy, fixed, and immunostained with an anti-PLIN2 antibody followed by an Alexa Fluor 555-conjugated secondary antibody. Images were acquired by CLSM. The figure shows representative images from three independent experiments. Scale bar represents 10 µm.
    Figure Legend Snippet: (A) MA104 cells were treated with 10 μM UA for 1, 2, 4, 6, or 8 h. Cells were then processed for Western blot analysis, and GAPDH protein levels were detected. Ponceau S staining was used as a loading control. The boxplot was generated from four independent experiments. Statistical significance was assessed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001). (B) MA104 cells were pre-treated with DMSO or 10 μM UA and infected with RV at an MOI of 1 in the presence of the compounds. At 0, 2, 4, and 6 h post-infection (p.i.), cells were collected and processed for Western blot analysis. OA was used as a control for lipid overload and lipolytic stimulation, whereas the combination of TOFA and OA was used as a control for induction associated with inhibition of lipid synthesis. To confirm cellular infection, RV VP8 protein levels were detected. Ponceau S staining was used as a loading control. The boxplots shown were generated from four independent experiments. Statistical significance was assessed using Student’s t -test (*p < 0.1, **p < 0.01). (C) MA104 cells were pre-treated with DMSO or 10 μM UA and infected with RV at an MOI of 1 in the presence of the compounds. Infection was stopped at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h post-infection (p.i.), and cells were incubated with Bodipy, fixed, and immunostained with an anti-PLIN2 antibody followed by an Alexa Fluor 555-conjugated secondary antibody. Images were acquired by CLSM. The figure shows representative images from three independent experiments. Scale bar represents 10 µm.

    Techniques Used: Western Blot, Staining, Control, Generated, Infection, Inhibition, Incubation

    (A) First row: MA104 cells were left untreated (Control), incubated for 2 h with starvation medium (Stv.), or starvation medium plus Bafilomycin A1 (Stv. + BafA1). Second row: MA104 cells were DMSO- or 10 µM UA-treated for 2 h, in the absence or presence of Bafilomycin A1 (UA + BafA1). Cells were fixed and processed for immunofluorescence staining of LC3 (red), and nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst (blue). Representative CLSM images are shown. The number of LC3-positive puncta (LC3+ dots) per cell was quantified and is shown on the right as boxplots. Data were obtained from four independent experiments. Statistical significance was assessed using Student’s t -test (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01). (B) Controls (first three lines): MA104 cells were left untreated (Control), incubated for 2 h with starvation medium (Stv.), or starvation medium plus Bafilomycin A1 (Stv. +BafA1) to verify the autophagy modulation. Mock-treated or infected with RV strain SA-11 (MOI = 1) in the presence of DMSO or 10 µM UA. At the indicated times post-infection (0, 2, 4, and 6 h p.i.), cells were collected and processed for Western blot analysis to detect LC3-I and LC3-II. Tubulin was used as a loading control. Representative immunoblots are shown (left). Densitometric quantification of LC3-II normalized to tubulin is shown on the right as boxplots. Data correspond to four independent experiments. Statistical significance was assessed using Student’s t-test (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001).
    Figure Legend Snippet: (A) First row: MA104 cells were left untreated (Control), incubated for 2 h with starvation medium (Stv.), or starvation medium plus Bafilomycin A1 (Stv. + BafA1). Second row: MA104 cells were DMSO- or 10 µM UA-treated for 2 h, in the absence or presence of Bafilomycin A1 (UA + BafA1). Cells were fixed and processed for immunofluorescence staining of LC3 (red), and nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst (blue). Representative CLSM images are shown. The number of LC3-positive puncta (LC3+ dots) per cell was quantified and is shown on the right as boxplots. Data were obtained from four independent experiments. Statistical significance was assessed using Student’s t -test (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01). (B) Controls (first three lines): MA104 cells were left untreated (Control), incubated for 2 h with starvation medium (Stv.), or starvation medium plus Bafilomycin A1 (Stv. +BafA1) to verify the autophagy modulation. Mock-treated or infected with RV strain SA-11 (MOI = 1) in the presence of DMSO or 10 µM UA. At the indicated times post-infection (0, 2, 4, and 6 h p.i.), cells were collected and processed for Western blot analysis to detect LC3-I and LC3-II. Tubulin was used as a loading control. Representative immunoblots are shown (left). Densitometric quantification of LC3-II normalized to tubulin is shown on the right as boxplots. Data correspond to four independent experiments. Statistical significance was assessed using Student’s t-test (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001).

    Techniques Used: Control, Incubation, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Infection, Western Blot



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    (A) <t>MA104</t> cells were pre-treated with DMSO or 10 μM UA for 1 h and then infected with different RV strains SA-11, RRV, and NCDV at an MOI of 1 in the presence of the compounds. At 15 h post infection (p.i.), the supernatants were collected, and infectious particles were titrated using the plaque assay method. Each boxplot represents the mean titer after DMSO or 10 μM UA treatment of three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a Student’s t-test (*p< 0.05, **p < 0.01). (B) MA104 cells were pre-treated with DMSO or 10 μM UA for 1 h, and then the LD accumulation was induced with 100 µM OA for 2 h. Then, the cells were incubated with Bodipy, fixed, and analyzed by CLSM. The left panel shows representative microscopy images, and the boxplots represent the mean number and size of LD of three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a Student’s t-test (**p < 0.01). The scale bar represents 10 μm. (C-F) Physical characterization of lenses upon UA incorporation, obtained from compression isotherms and imaging of EPC:TG:UA monolayers (C) Lateral pressure at which TG are segregated from the film (π EX ) determined at the sharp kink on the isotherms. (D) Lateral radius ( i.e , from top view of the monolayer) of each individual lens. (E) Lens density (number of lenses/μm 2 ). ( F) Thickness of each individual lens, computed from BAM reflectivity using the equation included in Materials and Methods section. Statistical significance was evaluated for each %UA against the control of %UA=0 using the Tukey test (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001). C-F plots were generated using SigmaPlot for Windows v15 (Systat, USA).
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    (A) <t>MA104</t> cells were pre-treated with DMSO or 10 μM UA for 1 h and then infected with different RV strains SA-11, RRV, and NCDV at an MOI of 1 in the presence of the compounds. At 15 h post infection (p.i.), the supernatants were collected, and infectious particles were titrated using the plaque assay method. Each boxplot represents the mean titer after DMSO or 10 μM UA treatment of three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a Student’s t-test (*p< 0.05, **p < 0.01). (B) MA104 cells were pre-treated with DMSO or 10 μM UA for 1 h, and then the LD accumulation was induced with 100 µM OA for 2 h. Then, the cells were incubated with Bodipy, fixed, and analyzed by CLSM. The left panel shows representative microscopy images, and the boxplots represent the mean number and size of LD of three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a Student’s t-test (**p < 0.01). The scale bar represents 10 μm. (C-F) Physical characterization of lenses upon UA incorporation, obtained from compression isotherms and imaging of EPC:TG:UA monolayers (C) Lateral pressure at which TG are segregated from the film (π EX ) determined at the sharp kink on the isotherms. (D) Lateral radius ( i.e , from top view of the monolayer) of each individual lens. (E) Lens density (number of lenses/μm 2 ). ( F) Thickness of each individual lens, computed from BAM reflectivity using the equation included in Materials and Methods section. Statistical significance was evaluated for each %UA against the control of %UA=0 using the Tukey test (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001). C-F plots were generated using SigmaPlot for Windows v15 (Systat, USA).
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    (A) <t>MA104</t> cells were pre-treated with DMSO or 10 μM UA for 1 h and then infected with different RV strains SA-11, RRV, and NCDV at an MOI of 1 in the presence of the compounds. At 15 h post infection (p.i.), the supernatants were collected, and infectious particles were titrated using the plaque assay method. Each boxplot represents the mean titer after DMSO or 10 μM UA treatment of three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a Student’s t-test (*p< 0.05, **p < 0.01). (B) MA104 cells were pre-treated with DMSO or 10 μM UA for 1 h, and then the LD accumulation was induced with 100 µM OA for 2 h. Then, the cells were incubated with Bodipy, fixed, and analyzed by CLSM. The left panel shows representative microscopy images, and the boxplots represent the mean number and size of LD of three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a Student’s t-test (**p < 0.01). The scale bar represents 10 μm. (C-F) Physical characterization of lenses upon UA incorporation, obtained from compression isotherms and imaging of EPC:TG:UA monolayers (C) Lateral pressure at which TG are segregated from the film (π EX ) determined at the sharp kink on the isotherms. (D) Lateral radius ( i.e , from top view of the monolayer) of each individual lens. (E) Lens density (number of lenses/μm 2 ). ( F) Thickness of each individual lens, computed from BAM reflectivity using the equation included in Materials and Methods section. Statistical significance was evaluated for each %UA against the control of %UA=0 using the Tukey test (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001). C-F plots were generated using SigmaPlot for Windows v15 (Systat, USA).
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    Cytotoxicity and inhibitory effects on RV replication of different HSP90 inhibitors. ( A ) Plots for cell viability of <t>MA104,</t> Caco-2, and HT-29 cells after treatment with NVP-HSP990, GA, or 17-AAG at indicated concentrations for 24 h. Cell viability was tested using the CCK-8 assay. ( B ) Plots for RV (Wa and SA11 strains) inhibition in MA104, Caco-2, and HT-29 cells after treatment with NVP-HSP990, GA, or 17-AAG at indicated concentrations for 24 h. RV replication was tested by PFA, and IC 50 values are indicated at the top of each plot. The experiments were performed in triplicate, and the data are presented as mean ± SEM and are representative of four ( A ) and two ( B ) independent experiments. ns, not significant; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, **** P < 0.0001 (two-way ANOVA).
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    Image Search Results


    (A) MA104 cells were pre-treated with DMSO or 10 μM UA for 1 h and then infected with different RV strains SA-11, RRV, and NCDV at an MOI of 1 in the presence of the compounds. At 15 h post infection (p.i.), the supernatants were collected, and infectious particles were titrated using the plaque assay method. Each boxplot represents the mean titer after DMSO or 10 μM UA treatment of three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a Student’s t-test (*p< 0.05, **p < 0.01). (B) MA104 cells were pre-treated with DMSO or 10 μM UA for 1 h, and then the LD accumulation was induced with 100 µM OA for 2 h. Then, the cells were incubated with Bodipy, fixed, and analyzed by CLSM. The left panel shows representative microscopy images, and the boxplots represent the mean number and size of LD of three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a Student’s t-test (**p < 0.01). The scale bar represents 10 μm. (C-F) Physical characterization of lenses upon UA incorporation, obtained from compression isotherms and imaging of EPC:TG:UA monolayers (C) Lateral pressure at which TG are segregated from the film (π EX ) determined at the sharp kink on the isotherms. (D) Lateral radius ( i.e , from top view of the monolayer) of each individual lens. (E) Lens density (number of lenses/μm 2 ). ( F) Thickness of each individual lens, computed from BAM reflectivity using the equation included in Materials and Methods section. Statistical significance was evaluated for each %UA against the control of %UA=0 using the Tukey test (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001). C-F plots were generated using SigmaPlot for Windows v15 (Systat, USA).

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Ursolic Acid Inhibits Rotavirus Replication Through Modulation Of Lipid Droplet Homeostasis

    doi: 10.64898/2026.04.13.718265

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) MA104 cells were pre-treated with DMSO or 10 μM UA for 1 h and then infected with different RV strains SA-11, RRV, and NCDV at an MOI of 1 in the presence of the compounds. At 15 h post infection (p.i.), the supernatants were collected, and infectious particles were titrated using the plaque assay method. Each boxplot represents the mean titer after DMSO or 10 μM UA treatment of three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a Student’s t-test (*p< 0.05, **p < 0.01). (B) MA104 cells were pre-treated with DMSO or 10 μM UA for 1 h, and then the LD accumulation was induced with 100 µM OA for 2 h. Then, the cells were incubated with Bodipy, fixed, and analyzed by CLSM. The left panel shows representative microscopy images, and the boxplots represent the mean number and size of LD of three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a Student’s t-test (**p < 0.01). The scale bar represents 10 μm. (C-F) Physical characterization of lenses upon UA incorporation, obtained from compression isotherms and imaging of EPC:TG:UA monolayers (C) Lateral pressure at which TG are segregated from the film (π EX ) determined at the sharp kink on the isotherms. (D) Lateral radius ( i.e , from top view of the monolayer) of each individual lens. (E) Lens density (number of lenses/μm 2 ). ( F) Thickness of each individual lens, computed from BAM reflectivity using the equation included in Materials and Methods section. Statistical significance was evaluated for each %UA against the control of %UA=0 using the Tukey test (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001). C-F plots were generated using SigmaPlot for Windows v15 (Systat, USA).

    Article Snippet: MA104 Clone 1 cells (ATCC CRL-2378.1), derived from Cercopithecus aethiops monkey kidney epithelium, were kindly provided by Dr. Poncet (I2BC, Paris, France).

    Techniques: Infection, Plaque Assay, Incubation, Microscopy, Imaging, Control, Generated

    (A) MA104 cells were treated with 100 µM OA for 2 h and then treated with DMSO or 10 µM UA for 1 h. Then, the cells were incubated with Bodipy, fixed, and analyzed by CLSM. The left panel shows representative microscopy images. The scale bar represents 10 µm. The boxplots represent the mean number and size of LD of three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a Student’s t-test (**p < 0.01, ****p<0.0001). (B) MA104 cells were treated with 100 µM OA for 2 h and then treated with DMSO or 10 µM UA during 1 h as in (A). Additionally, cells were treated with DMSO or 10 µM UA alone. Then, they were incubated with Bodipy, and the fluorescence intensity was analyzed by flow cytometry. 10,000 events per condition were evaluated from four independent experiments. The left panel shows representative histograms, where the area under the curve corresponds to the fluorescence intensity. The boxplot represents the fluorescence intensity means for each condition. The means were analyzed by a Student’s t-test (***p<0.001; ****p< 0.0001). (C) MA104 cells were treated with 100 µM OA for 2 h and then incubated with DMSO or 10 µM UA during 0, 2, 4, or 6 h. Then, the cells were incubated with Bodipy, fixed, and analyzed by CLSM. The upper panel shows representative microscopy images where the scale bar represents 10 µm. The boxplots represent the mean number and size of LD of three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a paired-wise Student’s t-test (**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Ursolic Acid Inhibits Rotavirus Replication Through Modulation Of Lipid Droplet Homeostasis

    doi: 10.64898/2026.04.13.718265

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) MA104 cells were treated with 100 µM OA for 2 h and then treated with DMSO or 10 µM UA for 1 h. Then, the cells were incubated with Bodipy, fixed, and analyzed by CLSM. The left panel shows representative microscopy images. The scale bar represents 10 µm. The boxplots represent the mean number and size of LD of three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a Student’s t-test (**p < 0.01, ****p<0.0001). (B) MA104 cells were treated with 100 µM OA for 2 h and then treated with DMSO or 10 µM UA during 1 h as in (A). Additionally, cells were treated with DMSO or 10 µM UA alone. Then, they were incubated with Bodipy, and the fluorescence intensity was analyzed by flow cytometry. 10,000 events per condition were evaluated from four independent experiments. The left panel shows representative histograms, where the area under the curve corresponds to the fluorescence intensity. The boxplot represents the fluorescence intensity means for each condition. The means were analyzed by a Student’s t-test (***p<0.001; ****p< 0.0001). (C) MA104 cells were treated with 100 µM OA for 2 h and then incubated with DMSO or 10 µM UA during 0, 2, 4, or 6 h. Then, the cells were incubated with Bodipy, fixed, and analyzed by CLSM. The upper panel shows representative microscopy images where the scale bar represents 10 µm. The boxplots represent the mean number and size of LD of three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a paired-wise Student’s t-test (**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).

    Article Snippet: MA104 Clone 1 cells (ATCC CRL-2378.1), derived from Cercopithecus aethiops monkey kidney epithelium, were kindly provided by Dr. Poncet (I2BC, Paris, France).

    Techniques: Incubation, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Flow Cytometry

    MA104 EGFP-NSP5 cells were infected with RV at an MOI of 1 and analyzed at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h post infection (p.i.). Then, the cells were incubated with the LD red, fluorescent probe Lipid Tox, fixed, and analyzed by CLSM. The VP were evidenced by the green, EGFP-derived fluorescent dots. The left panel shows representative microscopy images where the scale bar represents 10 µm. The boxplots on the right side represent the mean number and size of LD and VP of three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a paired-wise Student’s t-test (***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001).

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Ursolic Acid Inhibits Rotavirus Replication Through Modulation Of Lipid Droplet Homeostasis

    doi: 10.64898/2026.04.13.718265

    Figure Lengend Snippet: MA104 EGFP-NSP5 cells were infected with RV at an MOI of 1 and analyzed at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h post infection (p.i.). Then, the cells were incubated with the LD red, fluorescent probe Lipid Tox, fixed, and analyzed by CLSM. The VP were evidenced by the green, EGFP-derived fluorescent dots. The left panel shows representative microscopy images where the scale bar represents 10 µm. The boxplots on the right side represent the mean number and size of LD and VP of three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a paired-wise Student’s t-test (***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001).

    Article Snippet: MA104 Clone 1 cells (ATCC CRL-2378.1), derived from Cercopithecus aethiops monkey kidney epithelium, were kindly provided by Dr. Poncet (I2BC, Paris, France).

    Techniques: Infection, Incubation, Derivative Assay, Microscopy

    MA104 cells were treated with DMSO or 10 μM UA for 1 h, then infected with RV at an MOI of 1 and left until 0, 2, 4, and 6 h post infection (p.i.) in the presence of DMSO (left panel) or 10 μM UA (right panel). We colored the LD in green with Bodipy and used anti-NSP2 antibodies to detect the VP. The scale bar represents 10 µm. The boxplots below represent the mean number and size of LD and VP in three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a paired-wise Student’s t-test (*p < 0.1, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Ursolic Acid Inhibits Rotavirus Replication Through Modulation Of Lipid Droplet Homeostasis

    doi: 10.64898/2026.04.13.718265

    Figure Lengend Snippet: MA104 cells were treated with DMSO or 10 μM UA for 1 h, then infected with RV at an MOI of 1 and left until 0, 2, 4, and 6 h post infection (p.i.) in the presence of DMSO (left panel) or 10 μM UA (right panel). We colored the LD in green with Bodipy and used anti-NSP2 antibodies to detect the VP. The scale bar represents 10 µm. The boxplots below represent the mean number and size of LD and VP in three independent experiments. The means were analyzed by a paired-wise Student’s t-test (*p < 0.1, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).

    Article Snippet: MA104 Clone 1 cells (ATCC CRL-2378.1), derived from Cercopithecus aethiops monkey kidney epithelium, were kindly provided by Dr. Poncet (I2BC, Paris, France).

    Techniques: Infection

    (A) MA104 cells were treated with 10 μM UA for 1, 2, 4, 6, or 8 h. Cells were then processed for Western blot analysis, and GAPDH protein levels were detected. Ponceau S staining was used as a loading control. The boxplot was generated from four independent experiments. Statistical significance was assessed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001). (B) MA104 cells were pre-treated with DMSO or 10 μM UA and infected with RV at an MOI of 1 in the presence of the compounds. At 0, 2, 4, and 6 h post-infection (p.i.), cells were collected and processed for Western blot analysis. OA was used as a control for lipid overload and lipolytic stimulation, whereas the combination of TOFA and OA was used as a control for induction associated with inhibition of lipid synthesis. To confirm cellular infection, RV VP8 protein levels were detected. Ponceau S staining was used as a loading control. The boxplots shown were generated from four independent experiments. Statistical significance was assessed using Student’s t -test (*p < 0.1, **p < 0.01). (C) MA104 cells were pre-treated with DMSO or 10 μM UA and infected with RV at an MOI of 1 in the presence of the compounds. Infection was stopped at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h post-infection (p.i.), and cells were incubated with Bodipy, fixed, and immunostained with an anti-PLIN2 antibody followed by an Alexa Fluor 555-conjugated secondary antibody. Images were acquired by CLSM. The figure shows representative images from three independent experiments. Scale bar represents 10 µm.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Ursolic Acid Inhibits Rotavirus Replication Through Modulation Of Lipid Droplet Homeostasis

    doi: 10.64898/2026.04.13.718265

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) MA104 cells were treated with 10 μM UA for 1, 2, 4, 6, or 8 h. Cells were then processed for Western blot analysis, and GAPDH protein levels were detected. Ponceau S staining was used as a loading control. The boxplot was generated from four independent experiments. Statistical significance was assessed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001). (B) MA104 cells were pre-treated with DMSO or 10 μM UA and infected with RV at an MOI of 1 in the presence of the compounds. At 0, 2, 4, and 6 h post-infection (p.i.), cells were collected and processed for Western blot analysis. OA was used as a control for lipid overload and lipolytic stimulation, whereas the combination of TOFA and OA was used as a control for induction associated with inhibition of lipid synthesis. To confirm cellular infection, RV VP8 protein levels were detected. Ponceau S staining was used as a loading control. The boxplots shown were generated from four independent experiments. Statistical significance was assessed using Student’s t -test (*p < 0.1, **p < 0.01). (C) MA104 cells were pre-treated with DMSO or 10 μM UA and infected with RV at an MOI of 1 in the presence of the compounds. Infection was stopped at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h post-infection (p.i.), and cells were incubated with Bodipy, fixed, and immunostained with an anti-PLIN2 antibody followed by an Alexa Fluor 555-conjugated secondary antibody. Images were acquired by CLSM. The figure shows representative images from three independent experiments. Scale bar represents 10 µm.

    Article Snippet: MA104 Clone 1 cells (ATCC CRL-2378.1), derived from Cercopithecus aethiops monkey kidney epithelium, were kindly provided by Dr. Poncet (I2BC, Paris, France).

    Techniques: Western Blot, Staining, Control, Generated, Infection, Inhibition, Incubation

    (A) First row: MA104 cells were left untreated (Control), incubated for 2 h with starvation medium (Stv.), or starvation medium plus Bafilomycin A1 (Stv. + BafA1). Second row: MA104 cells were DMSO- or 10 µM UA-treated for 2 h, in the absence or presence of Bafilomycin A1 (UA + BafA1). Cells were fixed and processed for immunofluorescence staining of LC3 (red), and nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst (blue). Representative CLSM images are shown. The number of LC3-positive puncta (LC3+ dots) per cell was quantified and is shown on the right as boxplots. Data were obtained from four independent experiments. Statistical significance was assessed using Student’s t -test (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01). (B) Controls (first three lines): MA104 cells were left untreated (Control), incubated for 2 h with starvation medium (Stv.), or starvation medium plus Bafilomycin A1 (Stv. +BafA1) to verify the autophagy modulation. Mock-treated or infected with RV strain SA-11 (MOI = 1) in the presence of DMSO or 10 µM UA. At the indicated times post-infection (0, 2, 4, and 6 h p.i.), cells were collected and processed for Western blot analysis to detect LC3-I and LC3-II. Tubulin was used as a loading control. Representative immunoblots are shown (left). Densitometric quantification of LC3-II normalized to tubulin is shown on the right as boxplots. Data correspond to four independent experiments. Statistical significance was assessed using Student’s t-test (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001).

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Ursolic Acid Inhibits Rotavirus Replication Through Modulation Of Lipid Droplet Homeostasis

    doi: 10.64898/2026.04.13.718265

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) First row: MA104 cells were left untreated (Control), incubated for 2 h with starvation medium (Stv.), or starvation medium plus Bafilomycin A1 (Stv. + BafA1). Second row: MA104 cells were DMSO- or 10 µM UA-treated for 2 h, in the absence or presence of Bafilomycin A1 (UA + BafA1). Cells were fixed and processed for immunofluorescence staining of LC3 (red), and nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst (blue). Representative CLSM images are shown. The number of LC3-positive puncta (LC3+ dots) per cell was quantified and is shown on the right as boxplots. Data were obtained from four independent experiments. Statistical significance was assessed using Student’s t -test (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01). (B) Controls (first three lines): MA104 cells were left untreated (Control), incubated for 2 h with starvation medium (Stv.), or starvation medium plus Bafilomycin A1 (Stv. +BafA1) to verify the autophagy modulation. Mock-treated or infected with RV strain SA-11 (MOI = 1) in the presence of DMSO or 10 µM UA. At the indicated times post-infection (0, 2, 4, and 6 h p.i.), cells were collected and processed for Western blot analysis to detect LC3-I and LC3-II. Tubulin was used as a loading control. Representative immunoblots are shown (left). Densitometric quantification of LC3-II normalized to tubulin is shown on the right as boxplots. Data correspond to four independent experiments. Statistical significance was assessed using Student’s t-test (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001).

    Article Snippet: MA104 Clone 1 cells (ATCC CRL-2378.1), derived from Cercopithecus aethiops monkey kidney epithelium, were kindly provided by Dr. Poncet (I2BC, Paris, France).

    Techniques: Control, Incubation, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Infection, Western Blot

    Cytotoxicity and inhibitory effects on RV replication of different HSP90 inhibitors. ( A ) Plots for cell viability of MA104, Caco-2, and HT-29 cells after treatment with NVP-HSP990, GA, or 17-AAG at indicated concentrations for 24 h. Cell viability was tested using the CCK-8 assay. ( B ) Plots for RV (Wa and SA11 strains) inhibition in MA104, Caco-2, and HT-29 cells after treatment with NVP-HSP990, GA, or 17-AAG at indicated concentrations for 24 h. RV replication was tested by PFA, and IC 50 values are indicated at the top of each plot. The experiments were performed in triplicate, and the data are presented as mean ± SEM and are representative of four ( A ) and two ( B ) independent experiments. ns, not significant; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, **** P < 0.0001 (two-way ANOVA).

    Journal: Journal of Virology

    Article Title: A small-molecule HSP90 inhibitor, NVP-HSP990, alleviates rotavirus infection

    doi: 10.1128/jvi.01883-25

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytotoxicity and inhibitory effects on RV replication of different HSP90 inhibitors. ( A ) Plots for cell viability of MA104, Caco-2, and HT-29 cells after treatment with NVP-HSP990, GA, or 17-AAG at indicated concentrations for 24 h. Cell viability was tested using the CCK-8 assay. ( B ) Plots for RV (Wa and SA11 strains) inhibition in MA104, Caco-2, and HT-29 cells after treatment with NVP-HSP990, GA, or 17-AAG at indicated concentrations for 24 h. RV replication was tested by PFA, and IC 50 values are indicated at the top of each plot. The experiments were performed in triplicate, and the data are presented as mean ± SEM and are representative of four ( A ) and two ( B ) independent experiments. ns, not significant; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, **** P < 0.0001 (two-way ANOVA).

    Article Snippet: Rhesus monkey embryo kidney cell line MA104 cells (ATCC: CRL-2378.1) were provided by Dr. Elschner (Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute).

    Techniques: CCK-8 Assay, Inhibition

    NVP-HSP990 inhibited MAPK activation and facilitated expression of tight junction-associated proteins in intestinal cells. ( A ) MA104, Caco-2, and HT-29 cells were mock-infected with PBS or infected with RV Wa or SA11 strains (MOI = 3), followed by treatment of 100 nM HSP990 (+) or an equal volume of DMSO as a control (−) for 20 h. Then the infected cells were harvested for WB analysis of MAPK components. ( B ) Caco-2 cells were mock-infected with PBS, treated with 1 µM C16-PAF(C16), or infected with RV Wa or SA11 strains (MOI = 3), and then treated with 100 nM HSP990 (+) or DMSO as a control (−) for 20 h. The infected cells were harvested for WB analysis of MAPK components. ( C ) Caco-2 cells were mock-infected with PBS or infected with RV Wa or SA11 strains (MOI = 3), and then treated with 100 nM HSP990 (+) or DMSO as control (−) for 20 h. Then the infected cells were harvested for WB analysis of tight junction-associated proteins. Data are representative of three ( A ) and two ( B and C ) independent experiments.

    Journal: Journal of Virology

    Article Title: A small-molecule HSP90 inhibitor, NVP-HSP990, alleviates rotavirus infection

    doi: 10.1128/jvi.01883-25

    Figure Lengend Snippet: NVP-HSP990 inhibited MAPK activation and facilitated expression of tight junction-associated proteins in intestinal cells. ( A ) MA104, Caco-2, and HT-29 cells were mock-infected with PBS or infected with RV Wa or SA11 strains (MOI = 3), followed by treatment of 100 nM HSP990 (+) or an equal volume of DMSO as a control (−) for 20 h. Then the infected cells were harvested for WB analysis of MAPK components. ( B ) Caco-2 cells were mock-infected with PBS, treated with 1 µM C16-PAF(C16), or infected with RV Wa or SA11 strains (MOI = 3), and then treated with 100 nM HSP990 (+) or DMSO as a control (−) for 20 h. The infected cells were harvested for WB analysis of MAPK components. ( C ) Caco-2 cells were mock-infected with PBS or infected with RV Wa or SA11 strains (MOI = 3), and then treated with 100 nM HSP990 (+) or DMSO as control (−) for 20 h. Then the infected cells were harvested for WB analysis of tight junction-associated proteins. Data are representative of three ( A ) and two ( B and C ) independent experiments.

    Article Snippet: Rhesus monkey embryo kidney cell line MA104 cells (ATCC: CRL-2378.1) were provided by Dr. Elschner (Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute).

    Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, Infection, Control