Journal: Frontiers in Immunology
Article Title: Reversing chemoresistance in ovarian cancer: network pharmacology reveals how hydroxychloroquine/sulfasalazine duotherapy remodels tumor inflammatory–immune microenvironment
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1790210
Figure Lengend Snippet: Integrated pharmacologic and cytokine profiling in ovarian cancer. (A–E) Dose–response curves for (A) arsenic trioxide (ATO; PML-RARα degrader), (B) hydroxychloroquine (HCQ; autophagy inhibitor), (C) cisplatin (CDDP; DNA crosslinker), (D) niclosamide (NIC; Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/Wnt signaling inhibitor), and (E) sulfasalazine (SSZ; NF-κB/glutathione inhibitor); all agents reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. IC 50 values are log-transformed (μM). (F–H) Retrospective serum cytokine profiling revealed higher IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 levels in HGSOC patients with autoimmune disease than in those without, shown for (F) IL-6, (G) IL-8, and (H) IL-10. (I–K) In patients without autoimmune disease, ascites cytokine concentrations were higher than matched serum levels, shown for (I) IL-6, (J) IL-8, and (K) IL-10.All boxplots show medians, interquartile ranges, and individual data points. Welch’s t-tests were used for between-group comparisons.
Article Snippet: The compounds were sourced as follows: SSZ (HY-14655), HCQ (HY-W031727), NIC (HY-B0497), and CDDP (HY-17394) from MedChemExpress (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA); and ATO from Harbin Medical University Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Heilongjiang, China).
Techniques: Transformation Assay