Journal: Life Metabolism
Article Title: Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction improves metabolic health by reducing fat mass
doi: 10.1093/lifemeta/loaf009
Figure Lengend Snippet: Cyst(e)ine, but not its downstream metabolites, controls fat loss. (a) Enrichment of M + 4 13 C labeled cystathionine in the livers from mice fed with AA diet and SAAR diet, normalized to 13 C labeled methionine. Tissue was collected after 2.5 h of [U- 13 C] methionine tracing. Fast_AA, n = 4; fast_SAAR refed, n = 3. (b) Enrichment of M + 1 and M + 2 2 H labeled cystathionine in the livers from mice fed with AA diet and SAAR diet, normalized to 2 H labeled serine. Tissue was collected after 2.5 h of [2,3,3- 2 H₃] serine tracing. Fast refed_AA, n = 3; refed_SAAR, n = 4. (c) Fold change (SAAR/AA) of metabolites in transsulfuration and downstream pathways in the serum, liver, and gWAT from mice. (d) Weight gain for mice fed with AA diet and SAAR diet, provided with GYY4137 (H 2 S), taurine, CoA, pantethine, L-NAC, and D-NAC. n = 4−5. (e) Oil Red O staining of SVF cells cultured in medium with different concentrations of cystine (50 μmol/L, 30 μmol/L,15 μmol/L, and 10 μmol/L). (f) 2 H labeling of saponified fatty acid (C18:0 and C18:1) from SVF cell samples. 2 H 2 O was added into the medium to label downstream metabolites. n = 4. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM and statistical differences were calculated by unpaired two-tail t -test if unspecified. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.
Article Snippet: For the test of small molecules derived from cysteine , GYY4137 (S9920, Selleck), Taurine (107-35-7, Psaitong), N-acetyl-D-cysteine (14128926, adamas), and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (HY-B0215, MCE) were prepared in drinking water, and pantethine (HY-B1028, MCE) and CoA hydrate (ST353-200 mg, Byotime) were prepared in saline for retro-orbital venous injection.
Techniques: Labeling, Staining, Cell Culture
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![Cyst(e)ine, but not its downstream metabolites, controls fat loss. (a) Enrichment of M + 4 13 C labeled cystathionine in the livers from mice fed with AA diet and SAAR diet, normalized to 13 C labeled methionine. Tissue was collected after 2.5 h of [U- 13 C] methionine tracing. Fast_AA, n = 4; fast_SAAR refed, n = 3. (b) Enrichment of M + 1 and M + 2 2 H labeled cystathionine in the livers from mice fed with AA diet and SAAR diet, normalized to 2 H labeled serine. Tissue was collected after 2.5 h of [2,3,3- 2 H₃] serine tracing. Fast refed_AA, n = 3; refed_SAAR, n = 4. (c) Fold change (SAAR/AA) of metabolites in transsulfuration and downstream pathways in the serum, liver, and gWAT from mice. (d) Weight gain for mice fed with AA diet and SAAR diet, provided with <t>GYY4137</t> (H 2 S), taurine, CoA, pantethine, L-NAC, and D-NAC. n = 4−5. (e) Oil Red O staining of SVF cells cultured in medium with different concentrations of cystine (50 μmol/L, 30 μmol/L,15 μmol/L, and 10 μmol/L). (f) 2 H labeling of saponified fatty acid (C18:0 and C18:1) from SVF cell samples. 2 H 2 O was added into the medium to label downstream metabolites. n = 4. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM and statistical differences were calculated by unpaired two-tail t -test if unspecified. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.](https://pub-med-central-images-cdn.bioz.com/pub_med_central_ids_ending_with_1819/pmc12141819/pmc12141819__loaf009_fig5.jpg)