gaba a receptors  (Tocris)

Journal: Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Article Title: Endothelial GABA protects against aortic dissection by inhibiting endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction and maintaining vascular homeostasis

doi: 10.1038/s41392-026-02619-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: GABA maintains homeostatic mitochondrial levels in the context of oxidative stress. a , b Representative images and quantification of western blots of ICAM-1, P-p42, total-p42, and c-FOS expression in HAECs treated with GABA or GABA + CGP52432 (one-way ANOVA, mean ± S.D.; n = 4). c Representative morphology of the mitochondrial network structure as assayed by MitoTracker Red staining in HAECs treated with GABA alone or in combination with CGP52432 . d , e Mitochondrial ROS production in HAECs treated with GABA alone or in combination with CGP52432 (one-way ANOVA, mean ± S.D.; n = 3). Scale bar = 10 μm. f Intercellular ATP synthesis in H 2 O 2 -induced HAECs treated with GABA alone or in combination with CGP52432 (one-way ANOVA, mean ± S.D.; n = 3). g The impact of GABA on oxidative phosphorylation and glycolytic rates in H 2 O 2 -induced HAECs. h Western blotting of GABBR2 accumulation in mitochondria with GABA regulation according to different time spans. i Western blotting of GABBR2 accumulation in mitochondria in the GABA- or CGP52432 -treated groups. j , k Representative images and quantification of the correlations of GABBR2 and mitochondria with GABA alone or in combination with CGP52432 (one-way ANOVA, mean ± S.D.). Scale bar = 5 μm

Article Snippet: The GABA B receptor antagonist CGP52432 (MCE, USA; catalog: HY-103531; intravenous injection once daily, 10 mg/kg/dose) was administered.

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Staining, Phospho-proteomics

Journal: Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Article Title: Endothelial GABA protects against aortic dissection by inhibiting endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction and maintaining vascular homeostasis

doi: 10.1038/s41392-026-02619-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Endothelial cell-derived GABA protects smooth muscle cell homeostasis from inflammatory stimulation. a Representative images and quantification of western blot showing the protein expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in IL-1b-induced SMCs treated with GABA alone or in combination with CGP52432 (one-way ANOVA, mean ± S.D.; n = 3). b qRT‒PCR analysis of the mRNA expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in IL-1b-induced SMCs treated with GABA alone or in combination with CGP52432 (one-way ANOVA, mean ± S.D.; n = 3). c The differentially expressed proteins in IL-1b-induced SMCs with and without GABA treatment are shown as volcano plots. d Heatmap analysis indicates that Notch3 participates in this process. e Schematic diagrams of the EC/SMC coculture system. ECs and SMCs were seeded on the upper and lower sides of a membrane, respectively. f , g Western blot showing the expression of Notch3, MMP-2, and CNN1 in IL-1b-induced SMCs cocultured with ECs (one-way ANOVA, mean ± S.D.; n = 3). h , i Representative immunofluorescence images of Notch3 expression in the aortic wall of BAPN-induced AAV EC-OE GAD1 mice and vehicle-treated mice ( t test, mean ± S.D.; n = 8, 2 visual fields per sample). Scale bar = 50 μm

Article Snippet: The GABA B receptor antagonist CGP52432 (MCE, USA; catalog: HY-103531; intravenous injection once daily, 10 mg/kg/dose) was administered.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Western Blot, Expressing, Membrane, Immunofluorescence

Journal: Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Article Title: Endothelial GABA protects against aortic dissection by inhibiting endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction and maintaining vascular homeostasis

doi: 10.1038/s41392-026-02619-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Rewiring GABA metabolism reverses vascular homeostasis disorders. a Representative morphology of aortas from the BAPN, GABA 2-week, and GABA + CGP52432 2-week groups. Scale bar = 2 mm. b Incidence of TAD in the BAPN, GABA 2-week, and GABA + CGP52432 2-week groups ( n = 16). c Probability of survival in the BAPN, GABA 2-week, and GABA + CGP52432 2-week groups (log-rank (Mantel‒Cox) test; n = 16). d , e Permeation of Evans blue dye into the thoracic aortas of the BAPN, GABA 2-week, and GABA + CGP52432 2-week groups (one-way ANOVA, mean ± S.D.; n = 3). f , g Representative EVG staining and quantification of elastin degradation in the BAPN, GABA 2-week, and GABA + CGP52432 2-week groups (one-way ANOVA, mean ± S.D.; n = 16). Scale bar = 20 μm. ( h – i ) Representative en face staining of ICAM-1 and statistical data for the aortic wall (one-way ANOVA, mean ± S.D.; n = 6; 2 visual fields per sample). Scale bar = 10 μm. j , k Representative en face staining of c-FOS and statistical data for the aortic wall from differently treated mice ( n = 6, 2 visual fields per sample). Scale bar = 10 μm. l Representative immunofluorescence staining of infiltrating macrophages (F4/80) in the aortic wall of mice subjected to different treatments. Scale bar = 50 μm. m Representative immunofluorescence images of Notch3 expression in the aortic wall of mice subjected to different treatments. Scale bar = 50 μm

Article Snippet: The GABA B receptor antagonist CGP52432 (MCE, USA; catalog: HY-103531; intravenous injection once daily, 10 mg/kg/dose) was administered.

Techniques: Staining, Immunofluorescence, Expressing

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Microinjection of CART peptide into the nucleus accumbens medial shell attenuates methamphetamine-induced anxiety-like behaviors via restoration of GABA B receptor membrane expression

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-46389-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Acute and chronic METH treatments significantly elevate CART peptide expression and reduce GABA B R expression in CART-positive neurons. ( A ) Western blot and quantitative analysis of CART peptide in the NAc medial shell after acute and chronic METH treatments ( n = 4). ( B ) Western blot and quantification of GABA B1 R and GABA B2 R expression in the NAc medial shell ( n = 4). ( C ) Immunofluorescence staining for DAPI, NeuN, and CART in the medial shell. M, medial shell. ( D ) Proportion of NeuN⁺ cells co-positive for CART in the medial shell ( n = 3). ( E ) Immunofluorescence staining for DAPI, NeuN, and GABA B1 R in the medial shell. M, medial shell. ( F ) Proportion of NeuN + cells co-positive for GABA B1 R ( n = 3). ( G ) Immunofluorescence staining for DAPI, NeuN, and GABA B2 R in the medial shell. M, medial shell. ( H ) Proportion of NeuN + cells co-positive for GABA B2 R ( n = 3). ( I ) Immunofluorescence staining for DAPI, CART, and GABA B1 R in the medial shell. M, medial shell. ( J ) Proportion of CART + cells co-positive for GABA B1 R ( n = 3). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 vs. control group. Data are presented as mean ± SD.

Article Snippet: For Western blot and Co-IP, the following antibodies were used: anti-CART (YN2156, ImmunoWay), anti–Pan-Cadherin (YM8426, ImmunoWay), anti-GAPDH (60004-1-Ig, Proteintech), mouse IgG (B900620, Proteintech), anti-GABA B1 R (sc-398901, Santa Cruz), and anti-GABA B2 R (sc-393270, Santa Cruz).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Microinjection of CART peptide into the nucleus accumbens medial shell attenuates methamphetamine-induced anxiety-like behaviors via restoration of GABA B receptor membrane expression

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-46389-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: CART peptide injection into the NAc medial shell counteracts chronic METH-induced alterations in CART and GABA B R expression. ( A ) Western blot and quantification of CART peptide expression following chronic METH and CART peptide infusion ( n = 4). ( B ) Western blot and quantification of GABA B1 R and GABA B2 R expression ( n = 4). ( C ) Immunofluorescence staining for DAPI, NeuN, and CART in the medial shell. M, medial shell. ( D ) Percentage of NeuN + cells co-expressing CART ( n = 3). ( E ) Immunofluorescence staining for DAPI, NeuN, and GABA B1 R. M, medial shell. ( F ) Percentage of NeuN⁺ cells co-expressing GABA B1 R ( n = 3). ( G ) Immunofluorescence staining for DAPI, NeuN, and GABA B2 R. M, medial shell. ( H ) Percentage of NeuN⁺ cells co-expressing GABA B2 R ( n = 3). ( I ) Immunofluorescence staining for DAPI, CART, and GABA B1 R. M, medial shell. ( J ) Percentage of CART⁺ cells co-expressing GABA B1 R ( n = 3). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 vs. control group; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001, #### p < 0.0001 vs. CART + Chronic group. Data are presented as mean ± SD.

Article Snippet: For Western blot and Co-IP, the following antibodies were used: anti-CART (YN2156, ImmunoWay), anti–Pan-Cadherin (YM8426, ImmunoWay), anti-GAPDH (60004-1-Ig, Proteintech), mouse IgG (B900620, Proteintech), anti-GABA B1 R (sc-398901, Santa Cruz), and anti-GABA B2 R (sc-393270, Santa Cruz).

Techniques: Injection, Expressing, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Control