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Novartis formoterol

Effect of <t>formoterol</t> (FM) on spontaneous locomotor activity in ketamine-injected mice. ( A ) Mean ambulation frequency, ( B ) mean latency, ( C ) mean grooming frequency, and ( D ) mean rearing frequency. Values are expressed as mean ± SD; n = 15. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, **** P < 0.0001 vs normal group, # P < 0.05, #### P < 0.0001 vs ketamine (KT) group, @@ P < 0.01, @@@@ P < 0. 0001 vs treatment group (KT + FM)

Formoterol, supplied by Novartis, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/formoterol/pmc13129144-33-0-4?v=Novartis
Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews

formoterol - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08

86/100 stars

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1) Product Images from "Targeting beta-2 adrenergic receptor attenuates schizophrenia-like behavioral effects induced by ketamine in mice: cAMP/PKA/BDNF-PEA-3 and RIM-1α signaling pathways involvement"

Article Title: Targeting beta-2 adrenergic receptor attenuates schizophrenia-like behavioral effects induced by ketamine in mice: cAMP/PKA/BDNF-PEA-3 and RIM-1α signaling pathways involvement

Journal: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ

doi: 10.1007/s44446-026-00079-x

Effect of formoterol (FM) on spontaneous locomotor activity in ketamine-injected mice. ( A ) Mean ambulation frequency, ( B ) mean latency, ( C ) mean grooming frequency, and ( D ) mean rearing frequency. Values are expressed as mean ± SD; n = 15. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, **** P < 0.0001 vs normal group, # P < 0.05, #### P < 0.0001 vs ketamine (KT) group, @@ P < 0.01, @@@@ P < 0. 0001 vs treatment group (KT + FM)

Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of formoterol (FM) on spontaneous locomotor activity in ketamine-injected mice. ( A ) Mean ambulation frequency, ( B ) mean latency, ( C ) mean grooming frequency, and ( D ) mean rearing frequency. Values are expressed as mean ± SD; n = 15. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, **** P < 0.0001 vs normal group, # P < 0.05, #### P < 0.0001 vs ketamine (KT) group, @@ P < 0.01, @@@@ P < 0. 0001 vs treatment group (KT + FM)

Techniques Used: Activity Assay, Injection

Effect of formoterol on spontaneous alteration behavior in Y maze task ( A ), social interaction test ( B ), sucrose preference test ( C ), Morris water maze mean escape latency ( D ) and the time spent in the target quadrant ( E ) in ketamine-injected mice. Values are expressed as mean ± SD; n = 15. **** P < 0.0001 vs normal group, #### P < 0.0001 vs ketamine (KT) group, @@@@ P < 0. 0001 vs treatment group (KT + FM)

Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of formoterol on spontaneous alteration behavior in Y maze task ( A ), social interaction test ( B ), sucrose preference test ( C ), Morris water maze mean escape latency ( D ) and the time spent in the target quadrant ( E ) in ketamine-injected mice. Values are expressed as mean ± SD; n = 15. **** P < 0.0001 vs normal group, #### P < 0.0001 vs ketamine (KT) group, @@@@ P < 0. 0001 vs treatment group (KT + FM)

Techniques Used: Injection

Effect of formoterol on ketamine-induced oxidative stress in bilateral hippocampal homogenates of mice. ( A ) MDA, ( B ) NO, ( C ) H 2 O 2 and ( D ) GSH. Values are expressed as mean ± SD; n = 6. **** P < 0.0001 vs normal group, ## P < 0.01, #### P < 0.0001 vs ketamine (KT) group, @@@ P < 0.001, @@@@ P < 0. 0001 vs treatment group (KT + FM)

Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of formoterol on ketamine-induced oxidative stress in bilateral hippocampal homogenates of mice. ( A ) MDA, ( B ) NO, ( C ) H 2 O 2 and ( D ) GSH. Values are expressed as mean ± SD; n = 6. **** P < 0.0001 vs normal group, ## P < 0.01, #### P < 0.0001 vs ketamine (KT) group, @@@ P < 0.001, @@@@ P < 0. 0001 vs treatment group (KT + FM)

Techniques Used:

Effect of formoterol on ketamine-induced neuro-inflammation and apoptosis in bilateral hippocampal homogenates; ( A ) TNF-α, ( B ) IL-1β and ( C ) caspase-3. Values are expressed as mean ± SD; n = 6. **** P < 0.0001 vs normal group, #### P < 0.0001 vs ketamine (KT) group, @@@@ P < 0. 0001 vs treatment group (KT + FM)

Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of formoterol on ketamine-induced neuro-inflammation and apoptosis in bilateral hippocampal homogenates; ( A ) TNF-α, ( B ) IL-1β and ( C ) caspase-3. Values are expressed as mean ± SD; n = 6. **** P < 0.0001 vs normal group, #### P < 0.0001 vs ketamine (KT) group, @@@@ P < 0. 0001 vs treatment group (KT + FM)

Techniques Used:

Effect of formoterol on ketamine-induced changes in bilateral hippocampal homogenates of PKA ( A ), cAMP ( B ), and BDNF ( C ) contents. Values are expressed as mean ± SD; n = 6. **** P < 0.0001 vs normal group, #### P < 0.0001 vs ketamine (KT) group, @@@@ P < 0. 0001 vs treatment group (KT + FM)

Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of formoterol on ketamine-induced changes in bilateral hippocampal homogenates of PKA ( A ), cAMP ( B ), and BDNF ( C ) contents. Values are expressed as mean ± SD; n = 6. **** P < 0.0001 vs normal group, #### P < 0.0001 vs ketamine (KT) group, @@@@ P < 0. 0001 vs treatment group (KT + FM)

Techniques Used:

Effect of formoterol on ketamine-induced derangement in bilateral hippocampal homogenates of neurotransmitters: Ach ( A ), GABA ( B ), and glutamate ( C ) contents. Values are expressed as mean ± SD; n = 6. **** P < 0.0001 vs normal group, #### P < 0.0001 vs ketamine (KT) group, @@@@ P < 0. 0001 vs treatment group (KT + FM)

Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of formoterol on ketamine-induced derangement in bilateral hippocampal homogenates of neurotransmitters: Ach ( A ), GABA ( B ), and glutamate ( C ) contents. Values are expressed as mean ± SD; n = 6. **** P < 0.0001 vs normal group, #### P < 0.0001 vs ketamine (KT) group, @@@@ P < 0. 0001 vs treatment group (KT + FM)

Techniques Used:

Effect of formoterol on ketamine-induced changes in hippocampal synaptic proteins: synaptophysin ( A ), PEA-3 ( B ); (n = 6) and Western blot analysis of right hippocampal homogenates for kalirin-7 ( C ), synapsin-2 ( D ) and ( E ); (n = 3). Values are expressed as mean ± SD. **** P < 0.0001 vs normal group, #### P < 0.0001 vs ketamine (KT) group, @@@@ P < 0. 0001 vs treatment group (KT + FM)

Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of formoterol on ketamine-induced changes in hippocampal synaptic proteins: synaptophysin ( A ), PEA-3 ( B ); (n = 6) and Western blot analysis of right hippocampal homogenates for kalirin-7 ( C ), synapsin-2 ( D ) and ( E ); (n = 3). Values are expressed as mean ± SD. **** P < 0.0001 vs normal group, #### P < 0.0001 vs ketamine (KT) group, @@@@ P < 0. 0001 vs treatment group (KT + FM)

Techniques Used: Western Blot

Effect of formoterol on ketamine-induced changes in hippocampal tissues (whole hippocampi and left hemispheres) for: RIM-1α ( A ), GluN2A ( B ), GluN2B ( C ) gene expression and bilateral hippocampal homogenates for PSD-95 content ( D ). Values are expressed as mean ± SD; n = 6. **** P < 0.0001 vs normal group, #### P < 0.0001 vs ketamine (KT) group, @@@@ P < 0. 0001 vs treatment group (KT + FM)

Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of formoterol on ketamine-induced changes in hippocampal tissues (whole hippocampi and left hemispheres) for: RIM-1α ( A ), GluN2A ( B ), GluN2B ( C ) gene expression and bilateral hippocampal homogenates for PSD-95 content ( D ). Values are expressed as mean ± SD; n = 6. **** P < 0.0001 vs normal group, #### P < 0.0001 vs ketamine (KT) group, @@@@ P < 0. 0001 vs treatment group (KT + FM)

Techniques Used: Gene Expression

Effect of formoterol on ketamine-induced histopathological alterations in mice’s hippocampi using hematoxylin and eosin stain; A, C, E, G, I × 100 and B, D, F, H, J × 400. ( A ) & ( B ): normal group with normal histo-architecture showing normal arrangement of the pyramidal cells. ( C ) & ( D ): formoterol group (FM) with almost same picture as the normal group. ( E ) & ( F ): ketamine group (KT) showing loss of normal architecture of the hippocampus. Most of the pyramidal cells have pale nuclei and vacuolated cytoplasm (arrows). ( G ) & ( H ): KT + FM group photomicrographs showing a marked improvement with less obvious alteration in architecture. ( I ) & ( J ): PKA inhibitor group (KT + FM + H-89) with almost the same picture as KT group

Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of formoterol on ketamine-induced histopathological alterations in mice’s hippocampi using hematoxylin and eosin stain; A, C, E, G, I × 100 and B, D, F, H, J × 400. ( A ) & ( B ): normal group with normal histo-architecture showing normal arrangement of the pyramidal cells. ( C ) & ( D ): formoterol group (FM) with almost same picture as the normal group. ( E ) & ( F ): ketamine group (KT) showing loss of normal architecture of the hippocampus. Most of the pyramidal cells have pale nuclei and vacuolated cytoplasm (arrows). ( G ) & ( H ): KT + FM group photomicrographs showing a marked improvement with less obvious alteration in architecture. ( I ) & ( J ): PKA inhibitor group (KT + FM + H-89) with almost the same picture as KT group

Techniques Used: H&E Stain

Effect of formoterol on ketamine-induced histopathological alterations in mice's prefrontal cortices using hematoxylin and eosin stain; A, C, E, G, I × 100 and B, D, F, H, J × 400. ( A ) & ( B ): normal group with normal histo-architecture showing normal arrangement of the pyramidal cells (p) and the glial cells (g). ( C ) & ( D ): formoterol group (FM) with almost same picture as the normal group. ( E ) & ( F ): ketamine group (KT) showing loss of normal cellular arrangement. The pyramidal cells in the majority appear with dark nuclei and vacculated cytoplasm with foamy appearance of the in-between neurons (asterisks). ( G ) & ( H ): KT + FM group photomicrographs showing a marked improvement with less obvious alteration in architecture. ( I ) & ( J ): PKA inhibitor group (KT + FM + H-89) with almost the same picture as KT group

Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of formoterol on ketamine-induced histopathological alterations in mice's prefrontal cortices using hematoxylin and eosin stain; A, C, E, G, I × 100 and B, D, F, H, J × 400. ( A ) & ( B ): normal group with normal histo-architecture showing normal arrangement of the pyramidal cells (p) and the glial cells (g). ( C ) & ( D ): formoterol group (FM) with almost same picture as the normal group. ( E ) & ( F ): ketamine group (KT) showing loss of normal cellular arrangement. The pyramidal cells in the majority appear with dark nuclei and vacculated cytoplasm with foamy appearance of the in-between neurons (asterisks). ( G ) & ( H ): KT + FM group photomicrographs showing a marked improvement with less obvious alteration in architecture. ( I ) & ( J ): PKA inhibitor group (KT + FM + H-89) with almost the same picture as KT group

Techniques Used: H&E Stain

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Journal: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ

Article Title: Targeting beta-2 adrenergic receptor attenuates schizophrenia-like behavioral effects induced by ketamine in mice: cAMP/PKA/BDNF-PEA-3 and RIM-1α signaling pathways involvement

doi: 10.1007/s44446-026-00079-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of formoterol (FM) on spontaneous locomotor activity in ketamine-injected mice. ( A ) Mean ambulation frequency, ( B ) mean latency, ( C ) mean grooming frequency, and ( D ) mean rearing frequency. Values are expressed as mean ± SD; n = 15. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, **** P < 0.0001 vs normal group, # P < 0.05, #### P < 0.0001 vs ketamine (KT) group, @@ P < 0.01, @@@@ P < 0. 0001 vs treatment group (KT + FM)

Article Snippet: Formoterol was obtained from Novartis (Basel, Switzerland) and ketamine was obtained from EIPICO (Cairo, Egypt, B.N: 2,101,183).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Injection

Journal: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ

Article Title: Targeting beta-2 adrenergic receptor attenuates schizophrenia-like behavioral effects induced by ketamine in mice: cAMP/PKA/BDNF-PEA-3 and RIM-1α signaling pathways involvement

doi: 10.1007/s44446-026-00079-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of formoterol on spontaneous alteration behavior in Y maze task ( A ), social interaction test ( B ), sucrose preference test ( C ), Morris water maze mean escape latency ( D ) and the time spent in the target quadrant ( E ) in ketamine-injected mice. Values are expressed as mean ± SD; n = 15. **** P < 0.0001 vs normal group, #### P < 0.0001 vs ketamine (KT) group, @@@@ P < 0. 0001 vs treatment group (KT + FM)

Article Snippet: Formoterol was obtained from Novartis (Basel, Switzerland) and ketamine was obtained from EIPICO (Cairo, Egypt, B.N: 2,101,183).

Techniques: Injection

Journal: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ

Article Title: Targeting beta-2 adrenergic receptor attenuates schizophrenia-like behavioral effects induced by ketamine in mice: cAMP/PKA/BDNF-PEA-3 and RIM-1α signaling pathways involvement

doi: 10.1007/s44446-026-00079-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of formoterol on ketamine-induced oxidative stress in bilateral hippocampal homogenates of mice. ( A ) MDA, ( B ) NO, ( C ) H 2 O 2 and ( D ) GSH. Values are expressed as mean ± SD; n = 6. **** P < 0.0001 vs normal group, ## P < 0.01, #### P < 0.0001 vs ketamine (KT) group, @@@ P < 0.001, @@@@ P < 0. 0001 vs treatment group (KT + FM)

Article Snippet: Formoterol was obtained from Novartis (Basel, Switzerland) and ketamine was obtained from EIPICO (Cairo, Egypt, B.N: 2,101,183).

Techniques:

Journal: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ

Article Title: Targeting beta-2 adrenergic receptor attenuates schizophrenia-like behavioral effects induced by ketamine in mice: cAMP/PKA/BDNF-PEA-3 and RIM-1α signaling pathways involvement

doi: 10.1007/s44446-026-00079-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of formoterol on ketamine-induced neuro-inflammation and apoptosis in bilateral hippocampal homogenates; ( A ) TNF-α, ( B ) IL-1β and ( C ) caspase-3. Values are expressed as mean ± SD; n = 6. **** P < 0.0001 vs normal group, #### P < 0.0001 vs ketamine (KT) group, @@@@ P < 0. 0001 vs treatment group (KT + FM)

Article Snippet: Formoterol was obtained from Novartis (Basel, Switzerland) and ketamine was obtained from EIPICO (Cairo, Egypt, B.N: 2,101,183).

Techniques:

Journal: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ

Article Title: Targeting beta-2 adrenergic receptor attenuates schizophrenia-like behavioral effects induced by ketamine in mice: cAMP/PKA/BDNF-PEA-3 and RIM-1α signaling pathways involvement

doi: 10.1007/s44446-026-00079-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of formoterol on ketamine-induced changes in bilateral hippocampal homogenates of PKA ( A ), cAMP ( B ), and BDNF ( C ) contents. Values are expressed as mean ± SD; n = 6. **** P < 0.0001 vs normal group, #### P < 0.0001 vs ketamine (KT) group, @@@@ P < 0. 0001 vs treatment group (KT + FM)

Article Snippet: Formoterol was obtained from Novartis (Basel, Switzerland) and ketamine was obtained from EIPICO (Cairo, Egypt, B.N: 2,101,183).

Techniques:

Journal: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ

Article Title: Targeting beta-2 adrenergic receptor attenuates schizophrenia-like behavioral effects induced by ketamine in mice: cAMP/PKA/BDNF-PEA-3 and RIM-1α signaling pathways involvement

doi: 10.1007/s44446-026-00079-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of formoterol on ketamine-induced derangement in bilateral hippocampal homogenates of neurotransmitters: Ach ( A ), GABA ( B ), and glutamate ( C ) contents. Values are expressed as mean ± SD; n = 6. **** P < 0.0001 vs normal group, #### P < 0.0001 vs ketamine (KT) group, @@@@ P < 0. 0001 vs treatment group (KT + FM)

Article Snippet: Formoterol was obtained from Novartis (Basel, Switzerland) and ketamine was obtained from EIPICO (Cairo, Egypt, B.N: 2,101,183).

Techniques:

Journal: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ

Article Title: Targeting beta-2 adrenergic receptor attenuates schizophrenia-like behavioral effects induced by ketamine in mice: cAMP/PKA/BDNF-PEA-3 and RIM-1α signaling pathways involvement

doi: 10.1007/s44446-026-00079-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of formoterol on ketamine-induced changes in hippocampal synaptic proteins: synaptophysin ( A ), PEA-3 ( B ); (n = 6) and Western blot analysis of right hippocampal homogenates for kalirin-7 ( C ), synapsin-2 ( D ) and ( E ); (n = 3). Values are expressed as mean ± SD. **** P < 0.0001 vs normal group, #### P < 0.0001 vs ketamine (KT) group, @@@@ P < 0. 0001 vs treatment group (KT + FM)

Article Snippet: Formoterol was obtained from Novartis (Basel, Switzerland) and ketamine was obtained from EIPICO (Cairo, Egypt, B.N: 2,101,183).

Techniques: Western Blot

Journal: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ

Article Title: Targeting beta-2 adrenergic receptor attenuates schizophrenia-like behavioral effects induced by ketamine in mice: cAMP/PKA/BDNF-PEA-3 and RIM-1α signaling pathways involvement

doi: 10.1007/s44446-026-00079-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of formoterol on ketamine-induced changes in hippocampal tissues (whole hippocampi and left hemispheres) for: RIM-1α ( A ), GluN2A ( B ), GluN2B ( C ) gene expression and bilateral hippocampal homogenates for PSD-95 content ( D ). Values are expressed as mean ± SD; n = 6. **** P < 0.0001 vs normal group, #### P < 0.0001 vs ketamine (KT) group, @@@@ P < 0. 0001 vs treatment group (KT + FM)

Article Snippet: Formoterol was obtained from Novartis (Basel, Switzerland) and ketamine was obtained from EIPICO (Cairo, Egypt, B.N: 2,101,183).

Techniques: Gene Expression

Journal: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ

Article Title: Targeting beta-2 adrenergic receptor attenuates schizophrenia-like behavioral effects induced by ketamine in mice: cAMP/PKA/BDNF-PEA-3 and RIM-1α signaling pathways involvement

doi: 10.1007/s44446-026-00079-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of formoterol on ketamine-induced histopathological alterations in mice’s hippocampi using hematoxylin and eosin stain; A, C, E, G, I × 100 and B, D, F, H, J × 400. ( A ) & ( B ): normal group with normal histo-architecture showing normal arrangement of the pyramidal cells. ( C ) & ( D ): formoterol group (FM) with almost same picture as the normal group. ( E ) & ( F ): ketamine group (KT) showing loss of normal architecture of the hippocampus. Most of the pyramidal cells have pale nuclei and vacuolated cytoplasm (arrows). ( G ) & ( H ): KT + FM group photomicrographs showing a marked improvement with less obvious alteration in architecture. ( I ) & ( J ): PKA inhibitor group (KT + FM + H-89) with almost the same picture as KT group

Article Snippet: Formoterol was obtained from Novartis (Basel, Switzerland) and ketamine was obtained from EIPICO (Cairo, Egypt, B.N: 2,101,183).

Techniques: H&E Stain

Journal: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ

Article Title: Targeting beta-2 adrenergic receptor attenuates schizophrenia-like behavioral effects induced by ketamine in mice: cAMP/PKA/BDNF-PEA-3 and RIM-1α signaling pathways involvement

doi: 10.1007/s44446-026-00079-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of formoterol on ketamine-induced histopathological alterations in mice's prefrontal cortices using hematoxylin and eosin stain; A, C, E, G, I × 100 and B, D, F, H, J × 400. ( A ) & ( B ): normal group with normal histo-architecture showing normal arrangement of the pyramidal cells (p) and the glial cells (g). ( C ) & ( D ): formoterol group (FM) with almost same picture as the normal group. ( E ) & ( F ): ketamine group (KT) showing loss of normal cellular arrangement. The pyramidal cells in the majority appear with dark nuclei and vacculated cytoplasm with foamy appearance of the in-between neurons (asterisks). ( G ) & ( H ): KT + FM group photomicrographs showing a marked improvement with less obvious alteration in architecture. ( I ) & ( J ): PKA inhibitor group (KT + FM + H-89) with almost the same picture as KT group

Article Snippet: Formoterol was obtained from Novartis (Basel, Switzerland) and ketamine was obtained from EIPICO (Cairo, Egypt, B.N: 2,101,183).

Techniques: H&E Stain

Chemical structure of arformoterol tartrate.

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Implementation of QbD Approach to the Analytical Method Development and Validation for the Estimation of Arformoterol Tartrate Inhalation Solution Dosage Form via RP-HPLC

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.5c09833

Figure Lengend Snippet: Chemical structure of arformoterol tartrate.

Article Snippet: A gift sample of arformoterol tartrate was generously provided by Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Hyderabad, India, for analytical and research work.

Techniques:

(A–C) Final optimized solution for arformoterol inhalation.

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Implementation of QbD Approach to the Analytical Method Development and Validation for the Estimation of Arformoterol Tartrate Inhalation Solution Dosage Form via RP-HPLC

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.5c09833

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A–C) Final optimized solution for arformoterol inhalation.

Article Snippet: A gift sample of arformoterol tartrate was generously provided by Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Hyderabad, India, for analytical and research work.

Techniques:

BAGI pictogram for arformoterol inhalation.

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Implementation of QbD Approach to the Analytical Method Development and Validation for the Estimation of Arformoterol Tartrate Inhalation Solution Dosage Form via RP-HPLC

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.5c09833

Figure Lengend Snippet: BAGI pictogram for arformoterol inhalation.

Article Snippet: A gift sample of arformoterol tartrate was generously provided by Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Hyderabad, India, for analytical and research work.

Techniques:

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