cxcl14  (Proteintech)

Journal: PLOS One

Article Title: Control of quiescence and activation of human muscle stem cells by cytokines

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0327701

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) We evaluated cytokine and chemokine transcription of HuMuSC from twelve different donors, and three different muscles: vastus lateralis, pectoralis major and rectus abdominis. As expected, the majority of HuMuSC in these samples express high levels of PAX7 transcripts and low levels of MYOD1 . Cytokine transcripts CCL2, CXCL14 and HMGB1 are abundantly expressed among all HuMuSC clusters from unstimulated muscle. Cluster 10 exhibits the highest percentage of HuMuSC expressing cytokines, chemokines transcripts and growth factors, including FGF2, CSF3, CXCL1, CCL2, CSF1, PDGFA, VEGFA, CXCL12 . (b) To further evaluate cytokine expression during satellite cell activation we compared cytokine transcripts expression using RT-PCR in control and activated HuMuSC (HuMuSC). Each paired control and activated muscle from the same donor are depicted with a line. Consistent with our epigenomic findings, there is a tendency of PAX7 transcripts to be rapidly downregulated after activation, and elevated levels of MYOD1 upon activation. Chemokines CCL2 and CCL8 are upregulated in the HuMuSC, as are TNFRSF12A, CSF-1 and FGF2 in the HuMuSC compared to controls. In contrast CXCL14 was found significantly downregulated in HuMuSC compared to controls. Each pair of observations connected with a dotted line was derived from an independent human muscle sample n = 3-6. ( Wilcoxon test P - values are * < 0.05).

Article Snippet: CXCL14 , Hs01557413 , NM_002982.4.

Techniques: Muscles, Expressing, Activation Assay, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Control, Derivative Assay

Journal: The FASEB Journal

Article Title: CXCL14 Chemokine Exacerbates Acute Viral Hepatitis in Coronavirus MHV ‐Infected Mice and Is Associated With Human Acute Viral Hepatitis

doi: 10.1096/fj.202401706R

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overexpression of CXCL14 in the livers of mice infected with MHV‐3 at the mRNA and protein levels. Mice were injected intraperitoneally either with DPBS (Mock) or with MHV‐3. 48 or 72 h after, mice were euthanized to harvest the liver. (A) CXCL14 mRNA expression in the livers of non‐infected (Mock) and MHV‐3‐infected mice after 48 and 72 h. (B) Western blot analysis of CXCL14 in the livers of control (Mock) and MHV‐3 infected mice 48 and 72 hpi. (C) Quantification of western blot of CXCL14 in the livers of control (Mock, n = 4) and MHV‐3‐infected mice 48 ( n = 7) and 72 hpi ( n = 8). A p ‐value < 0.05 was considered significant: *< 0.05, ** < 0.01, ***< 0.001, ns not significant (comparison between mock mice and MHV‐3 mice).

Article Snippet: A mouse CXCL14 standard curve was done with a mouse CXCL14 recombinant protein (#730‐XC, Novus).

Techniques: Over Expression, Infection, Injection, Expressing, Western Blot, Control, Comparison

Journal: The FASEB Journal

Article Title: CXCL14 Chemokine Exacerbates Acute Viral Hepatitis in Coronavirus MHV ‐Infected Mice and Is Associated With Human Acute Viral Hepatitis

doi: 10.1096/fj.202401706R

Figure Lengend Snippet: Culture of primary murine hepatocytes overexpress CXCL14 when infected with MHV‐3 or stimulated with IL‐6 and TNFα. PMH were infected with various concentrations of MHV‐3 (MOIs of 0.5, 1, or 2) or not (Mock). From day 2 to day 9 after infection, conditioned media and cell lysates were collected. (A) Pictures of PMH cultures, non‐infected (Mock) (left) and five days post‐infection (5 dpi) with MHV‐3 virus at a MOI of 1 (right). (B) Measurement of the CXCL14 concentration in conditioned media of primary murine hepatocytes, non‐infected (Mock), or infected with different MOI of MHV‐3 (0.5, 1, or 2), after 2, 3, 6, 7 and 9 dpi. Dotted line is the CXCL14 concentration found in mock‐infected mice. (C) ALT activity measured in conditioned media of non‐infected (Mock) or infected cells at 2, 3, 6, 7, and 9 dpi by MHV‐3 at a MOI of 1. Gray area is the normal range of ALT observed in non‐treated mice. (D) Correlation between CXCL14 and ALT levels in conditioned media of primary murine hepatocytes infected with MHV‐3 at a MOI of 1. (E) Relative expression of CXCL14 mRNA by PMH stimulated with IL‐6 or (F) TNFα at 5 ng/mL, after 12, 24, 48 or 72 h post‐stimulation. A p ‐value < 0.05 was considered significant: *< 0.05, **< 0.01, ***< 0.001, ns not significant (comparison between mock cells and MHV‐3‐infected or cytokine‐stimulated cells).

Article Snippet: A mouse CXCL14 standard curve was done with a mouse CXCL14 recombinant protein (#730‐XC, Novus).

Techniques: Infection, Virus, Concentration Assay, Activity Assay, Expressing, Comparison

Journal: The FASEB Journal

Article Title: CXCL14 Chemokine Exacerbates Acute Viral Hepatitis in Coronavirus MHV ‐Infected Mice and Is Associated With Human Acute Viral Hepatitis

doi: 10.1096/fj.202401706R

Figure Lengend Snippet: Primary human hepatocytes overexpress and release CXCL14 when infected by HSV‐1 or stimulated with pro‐inflammatory cytokines. PHH were infected with HSV‐1 with a MOI of 1, or not (Mock). From twelve hours to seventy‐two hours after, conditioned media and cell lysates were collected. (A) Pictures of PHH, non‐infected (Mock) (left) or at 3 dpi with HSV‐1 (right). (B) Relative expression of CXCL14 mRNA measured by RT‐qPCR in non‐infected (Mock) or infected cells at 12, 24, 48, or 72 hpi with HSV‐1. (C) Measurement of CXCL14 concentration in conditioned media of PHH cultures of non‐infected (Mock) cells or of cells infected with HSV‐1 by ELISA at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hpi. (D) Relative expression of CXCL14 mRNA measured by RT‐qPCR in non‐treated (NT) or PHH cultures stimulated with a cocktail of cytokines (IL‐6, TNFα, IL‐1β, IFNγ, and OSM at 5 ng/mL each) for 12, 24, 48, or 72 h. (E) Top, western blot of CXCL14 of lysates of non‐infected PHH, primary human hepatic stellate cells (HSC), and TRP3, a cell line of human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC). Bottom, relative quantification of western‐blot signals of CXCL14 production by PHH, HSC, and TRP3. A p ‐value < 0.05 was considered significant: *< 0.05, **< 0.01, ***< 0.001, ****<0.0001, ns not significant (comparison between mock cells with HSV‐1‐infected or cytokine‐stimulated cells, or between PHH and HSC or TRP3).

Article Snippet: A mouse CXCL14 standard curve was done with a mouse CXCL14 recombinant protein (#730‐XC, Novus).

Techniques: Infection, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Concentration Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot, Quantitative Proteomics, Comparison

Journal: The FASEB Journal

Article Title: CXCL14 Chemokine Exacerbates Acute Viral Hepatitis in Coronavirus MHV ‐Infected Mice and Is Associated With Human Acute Viral Hepatitis

doi: 10.1096/fj.202401706R

Figure Lengend Snippet: Increase in CXCL14 expression is associated with the intensity of hepatitis in mice in MHV‐3‐induced fulminant hepatitis model. Mice were injected intraperitoneally either with DPBS (Mock) or with MHV‐3. 72 h after, mice were euthanized to collect the liver and the serum. (A) H&E staining (left) and cleaved‐caspase 3 immunolabeling (right) in the livers of control (Mock) and MHV‐3‐infected mice (72 hpi). (B) ALT levels in the sera of control (Mock) and MHV‐3‐infected mice (72 hpi). Gray area is the normal range of ALT observed in non‐treated mice. (C) Titration of CXCL14 in the sera of control (Mock) and MHV‐3‐infected mice by ELISA (72 hpi). (D) Exponential correlation curve between ALT and CXCL14 levels in the sera of MHV‐3‐infected mice 72 hpi. A p ‐value < 0.05 was considered significant: **< 0.01, ***< 0.001 (comparison between Mock mice and MHV‐3 infected mice).

Article Snippet: A mouse CXCL14 standard curve was done with a mouse CXCL14 recombinant protein (#730‐XC, Novus).

Techniques: Expressing, Injection, Staining, Immunolabeling, Control, Infection, Titration, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Comparison

Journal: The FASEB Journal

Article Title: CXCL14 Chemokine Exacerbates Acute Viral Hepatitis in Coronavirus MHV ‐Infected Mice and Is Associated With Human Acute Viral Hepatitis

doi: 10.1096/fj.202401706R

Figure Lengend Snippet: CXCL14 expression is associated with the activation of immune cells in the acute hepatitis MHV‐3 model. Mice were injected intraperitoneally either with DPBS (Mock) or with MHV‐3. 72 h after, mice were euthanized to harvest the liver and to extract immune cells. (A) Quantification of immune cells by flow‐cytometry in the livers of Mock and 72 hpi MHV‐3‐infected mice. (B) Percentage of each cell population (CD4, CD8, B, NK, and NKT, macrophages, and neutrophils) in the liver of mock and MHV‐3‐infected mice. (C) Percentage of NKT, macrophages, and neutrophils in the liver of mock and MHV‐3‐infected mice. (D) Percentage of T CD4+, NK, T CD8+, and B cells in the liver of mock and MHV‐3‐infected mice. (E) Percentage of CD69 labeled immune cells (CD4, CD8, B, NK, and NKT) in the liver of mock and MHV‐3‐infected mice. (F) Correlation between CXCL14 serum concentration and percentage of activated cells (T CD4+, T CD8+, B, NK, and NKT). A p ‐value < 0.05 was considered significant: *< 0.05, **< 0.01, ***< 0.001, ns not significant (comparison between Mock mice and MHV‐3 infected mice at 72 hpi).

Article Snippet: A mouse CXCL14 standard curve was done with a mouse CXCL14 recombinant protein (#730‐XC, Novus).

Techniques: Expressing, Activation Assay, Injection, Flow Cytometry, Infection, Labeling, Concentration Assay, Comparison

Journal: The FASEB Journal

Article Title: CXCL14 Chemokine Exacerbates Acute Viral Hepatitis in Coronavirus MHV ‐Infected Mice and Is Associated With Human Acute Viral Hepatitis

doi: 10.1096/fj.202401706R

Figure Lengend Snippet: CXCL14 +/+ and CXCL14 −/− mice exacerbate the same phenotype after infection with the MHV‐3. CXCL14 +/+ (blue) and CXCL14 −/− (red) mice were injected intraperitoneally either with DPBS (Mock) or with MHV‐3. Seventy‐two and hundred‐eight hours later, mice were euthanized to harvest the liver and the serum. (A) Body weight loss of CXCL14 +/+ and CXCL14 −/− mice after MHV‐3 challenge until 108 hpi. (B) Survival curve of CXCL14 +/+ and CXCL14 −/− mice after MHV‐3 challenge until 108 hpi. (C) RT‐qPCR of MHV‐3 nucleocapsid in liver of mock and MHV‐3 infected mice at 72 hpi. Dotted line is the limit of detection (100 GEq MHV‐3/ng of total RNA in liver). (D) ALT levels in the sera of mock mice and MHV‐3‐infected mice at 72 hpi and 108 hpi. Gray area is the normal range of ALT observed in non‐treated mice. (E) H&E staining from liver sections of CXCL14 +/+ (top) and CXCL14 −/− (bottom) infected mice at 72 hpi and 108 hpi. For all panels, the scale bar is equal to 250 μm. (F) Percentage of necrotic tissue for CXCL14 +/+ and CXCL14 −/− infected or not with MHV‐3 in H&E staining. A p ‐value > 0.05 was considered not significant (ns)(comparison between mock mice and MHV‐3 infected mice).

Article Snippet: A mouse CXCL14 standard curve was done with a mouse CXCL14 recombinant protein (#730‐XC, Novus).

Techniques: Infection, Injection, Quantitative RT-PCR, Staining, Comparison

Journal: The FASEB Journal

Article Title: CXCL14 Chemokine Exacerbates Acute Viral Hepatitis in Coronavirus MHV ‐Infected Mice and Is Associated With Human Acute Viral Hepatitis

doi: 10.1096/fj.202401706R

Figure Lengend Snippet: CXCL14 −/− mice are partially protected against MHV‐A59 infection. CXCL14 +/+ (blue) and CXCL14 −/− (red) mice were infected with MHV‐A59 at 5000 PFU intraperitoneally. At 3 dpi and 7 dpi, mice were euthanized and samples were collected. (A) Body weight loss of CXCL14 +/+ and CXCL14 −/− mice after MHV‐A59 challenge until 7 dpi. (B) Observed animal clinical score of CXCL14 +/+ and CXCL14 −/− mice after MHV‐A59 challenge until 7 dpi. (C) MHV‐A59 viral titration by plaque assay from liver of Mock mice and infected mice at 3 dpi and 7dpi. (D) ALT levels in the sera of MHV‐A59 infected mice (3 and 7 dpi) and mock‐infected mice. Gray area is the normal range of ALT observed in non‐treated mice. (E) Ratio of necrotic tissue to the normal tissue calculated on liver sections at 0, 3, and 7dpi. (F) Measurement of IL‐6 and TNFα cytokines in the sera of mock‐infected mice or MHV‐A59‐infected mice 3 dpi and 7dpi. (G) Relative quantification of immune cells (percentage of leucocytes) by flow‐cytometry in the liver of MHV‐A59‐infected mice before infection and at 3 dpi and 7dpi. Percentage of CD4 cells (CD3 + , CD8 − , and CD4 + ), macrophages (CD19 − , CD3 − , NK1.1 − , Gr1 − , and CD11b + ) and neutrophils (CD19 − , CD3 − , NK1.1 − , Gr1 + , and CD11b + ). (H–J) Quantification of myeloperoxidase (MPO), FoxP3, or F4/80 positive cells per mm 2 in necrosis area of liver sections, respectively. A p ‐value < 0.05 was considered significant: *< 0.05, **< 0.01, ***< 0.001, ns not significant (comparison between CXCL14 +/+ and CXCL14 −/− mice infected by MHV‐A59).

Article Snippet: A mouse CXCL14 standard curve was done with a mouse CXCL14 recombinant protein (#730‐XC, Novus).

Techniques: Infection, Titration, Plaque Assay, Quantitative Proteomics, Flow Cytometry, Comparison

Journal: The FASEB Journal

Article Title: CXCL14 Chemokine Exacerbates Acute Viral Hepatitis in Coronavirus MHV ‐Infected Mice and Is Associated With Human Acute Viral Hepatitis

doi: 10.1096/fj.202401706R

Figure Lengend Snippet: Elevated CXCL14 levels in the sera of patients with acute viral hepatitis. Serum of patients with acute hepatitis and healthy donors were collected to measure CXCL14 concentration and transaminase levels. (A) Quantification of CXCL14 in the sera of healthy donors, patients with non‐viral hepatitis, and patients with viral hepatitis. (B) Quantification of CXCL14 in the sera of healthy donors and patients with viral hepatitis, depending on the virus causing the hepatitis. (C) Correlation between CXCL14 concentration and ALT activity in the sera of patients with acute viral hepatitis, according to the virus. (D) ROC curve of CXCL14 in the group of patients with viral hepatitis (left) or non‐viral hepatitis (right). AUC and p ‐value are shown on the graph. A p ‐value < 0.05 was considered significant: ***< 0.001, ****<0.0001 (comparison between healthy donors and acute hepatitis patients).

Article Snippet: A mouse CXCL14 standard curve was done with a mouse CXCL14 recombinant protein (#730‐XC, Novus).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Virus, Activity Assay, Comparison