Journal: European journal of pain (London, England)
Article Title: Antinociceptive effects of nefopam activating descending serotonergic modulation via 5-HT2 receptors in the nucleus raphe magnus.
doi: 10.1002/ejp.2173
Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 3 Time–response (a) and dose–response (b, c) curves of intraperitoneally administered nefopam (30 mg/kg) with or without pre-treatment with intra-nucleus raphe magnus injection of cinanserin (0.001 μg) during the formalin test. The data are presented as the number of flinches (a) or the percent of the control in each phase (b, c). Each line or bar represents the mean ± standard deviation of five rats. IP, intraperitoneal; NRM, nucleus raphe magnus. **p < 0.01 compared to the control (saline + saline) group, ††p < 0.01, †††p < 0.001 compared to the saline-pre-treated (saline + nefopam) group, by unpaired t-test.
Article Snippet: The following drugs were used: formalin (Sigma Aldrich), nefopam hydrochloride 3, 10 or 30 mg/kg (Acupan®; Pharmbio Korea Co. Ltd.); dihydroergocristine 30 μg (nonselective 5- HT receptor antagonist; Tocris Cookson Ltd.); and cinanserin hydrochloride 0.001 μg (non- selective 5- HT2 receptor antagonist; Tocris Cookson).
Techniques: Injection, Control, Standard Deviation, Saline