Review



cd81 cst  (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)


Bioz Verified Symbol Cell Signaling Technology Inc is a verified supplier
Bioz Manufacturer Symbol Cell Signaling Technology Inc manufactures this product  
  • Logo
  • About
  • News
  • Press Release
  • Team
  • Advisors
  • Partners
  • Contact
  • Bioz Stars
  • Bioz vStars
  • 95

    Structured Review

    Cell Signaling Technology Inc cd81 cst
    Cd81 Cst, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 138 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/cd81/CD81+Rabbit+mAb/pm42733113-323-58-59
    Average 95 stars, based on 138 article reviews
    cd81 cst - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    95/100 stars

    Images

    Related Articles

    Blocking Assay:

    Article Title: Neural stem cell-derived exosomal PA2G4 induces ANXA2 degradation to promote mitophagy and alleviate neuronal oxidative stress in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.
    Article Snippet: 1 Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, Hainan, People’s Republic of China 2 Cardiovascular Medicine Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 48, Baishuitang Road, Haikou 570311, Hainan, People’s Republic of China Abstract Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI) is a common complication of cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke, characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction.. This study investigates the function of proliferation-associated protein 2G4 (PA2G4) released by neural stem cells (NSCs)-derived exosomes (NSC-Exo) in treating middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) by regulating mitophagy.. NSC-Exo were extracted and identified.

    Article Title: Heat stress suppresses lactation through potential rumen-mammary communication mediated by extracellular vesicles: integrated analysis of microbiome, metabolome, and miRNA profiles.
    Article Snippet: Equal amounts of protein were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). .. After blocking with 5% nonfat milk for 2 h at room temperature, membranes were incubated overnight at 4°C with the following primary antibodies against Alix (1:1000 dilution, ab-186429, Abcam; Cambridge, UK), TSG101 (1:1000 dilution, ab-125011, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), CD81 (1:1000 dilution, 52892S, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), calnexin (1:1000 dilution, 10427-2-AP, Proteintech, Rosemont, Illinois, USA), and AR TIC LE IN PR ES S HSP70 (1:1000 dilution, ab-181606, Abcam, Cambridge, UK). ..

    Incubation:

    Article Title: Neural stem cell-derived exosomal PA2G4 induces ANXA2 degradation to promote mitophagy and alleviate neuronal oxidative stress in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.
    Article Snippet: 1 Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, Hainan, People’s Republic of China 2 Cardiovascular Medicine Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 48, Baishuitang Road, Haikou 570311, Hainan, People’s Republic of China Abstract Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI) is a common complication of cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke, characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction.. This study investigates the function of proliferation-associated protein 2G4 (PA2G4) released by neural stem cells (NSCs)-derived exosomes (NSC-Exo) in treating middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) by regulating mitophagy.. NSC-Exo were extracted and identified.

    Article Title: Exosomes derived from TGF-β1-modified mesenchymal stem cells protect septic mice by inducing macrophage M2 polarization.
    Article Snippet: Equal amounts of protein were separated by 8% or 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and subsequently transferred onto polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes (Millipore, USA). .. Membranes were blocked with 5% skim milk and incubated overnight at 4 °C with the following primary antibodies: CD9 (Abcam, 1:1000), CD63 (Abcam, 1:2000), and CD81 (Cell Signaling Technology, 1:1000). .. After washing, the membranes were incubated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary anti-rabbit or anti-mouse antibodies (Beyotime, China, 1:5000).

    Article Title: Cerebrospinal Fluid from Restless Legs Syndrome Patients Reduces Iron Uptake in Blood-Brain Barrier Endothelial Cells by Disrupting the Regulation of Transferrin Receptors.
    Article Snippet: .. The blocked PVDF membrane probed with TfR1 (Santa Cruz,USA, sc-65882, 1:250), FPN1 (Alpha Diagnostic International, USA, MTP-11S, 1:1,000), ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) (Cell Signaling Technology, USA, 4393S, 1:1,000), ferritin light chain (FTL) (Abcam, USA, ab69090; 1:1,000), CD63 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1:1,000), CD81 (cell signaling technology, 1:1000, 52892) IRP1and 2 (Cell Signaling Technology, 20272, 37135; 1:1,000), and β-actin (Sigma A544, 1:1,000), incubated overnight at 4 C. The probed membranes were washed with 0.1% TBST, and horseradish peroxidase -conjugated mouse or rabbit secondary antibodies were added and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature. .. The enhanced chemiluminescence (Santa Cruz) reagent was used to see the bands by using Amersham Imager 600 (GE Amersham, United Kingdom).

    Article Title: Exosomes derived from TGF-β1-modified mesenchymal stem cells protect septic mice by inducing macrophage M2 polarization
    Article Snippet: Equal amounts of protein were separated by 8% or 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and subsequently transferred onto polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes (Millipore, USA). .. Membranes were blocked with 5% skim milk and incubated overnight at 4 °C with the following primary antibodies: CD9 (Abcam, 1:1000), CD63 (Abcam, 1:2000), and CD81 (Cell Signaling Technology, 1:1000). .. After washing, the membranes were incubated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary anti-rabbit or anti-mouse antibodies (Beyotime, China, 1:5000).

    Article Title: Heat stress suppresses lactation through potential rumen-mammary communication mediated by extracellular vesicles: integrated analysis of microbiome, metabolome, and miRNA profiles.
    Article Snippet: Equal amounts of protein were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). .. After blocking with 5% nonfat milk for 2 h at room temperature, membranes were incubated overnight at 4°C with the following primary antibodies against Alix (1:1000 dilution, ab-186429, Abcam; Cambridge, UK), TSG101 (1:1000 dilution, ab-125011, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), CD81 (1:1000 dilution, 52892S, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), calnexin (1:1000 dilution, 10427-2-AP, Proteintech, Rosemont, Illinois, USA), and AR TIC LE IN PR ES S HSP70 (1:1000 dilution, ab-181606, Abcam, Cambridge, UK). ..

    Cell-Signaling:

    Article Title: ADGRG1-targeted hypoxia preconditioned extracellular vesicles ameliorate intervertebral disc degeneration by delivering taurine to disrupt the oxidative stress feedback loop-driven ferroptosis in nucleus pulposus cells
    Article Snippet: .. Finally, the presence of the characteristic EV markers Alix (92880, Cell Signaling Technology), CD81 (56039, Cell Signaling Technology) and TSG101 (sc-7964, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) was confirmed by Western blot analysis. ..

    Western Blot:

    Article Title: ADGRG1-targeted hypoxia preconditioned extracellular vesicles ameliorate intervertebral disc degeneration by delivering taurine to disrupt the oxidative stress feedback loop-driven ferroptosis in nucleus pulposus cells
    Article Snippet: .. Finally, the presence of the characteristic EV markers Alix (92880, Cell Signaling Technology), CD81 (56039, Cell Signaling Technology) and TSG101 (sc-7964, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) was confirmed by Western blot analysis. ..

    Article Title: AQP4-IgG-Induced Astrocyte-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Carrying Mitochondrial DNA Regulate the TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway to Drive Microglial Activation and Neuromyelitis Optica.
    Article Snippet: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disease mediated by pathogenic autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4IgG) [1].. Astrocyte lysis and reactive astrogliosis are major pathological features during the acute phase of NMO, especially in patients who are seropositive for AQP4-IgG [2, 3].. AQP4-IgG stimulates downstream inflammatory responses through both complement-dependent and complement-independent pathways, resulting in blood-brain barrier disruption, neuroinflammation, demyelination, axonal injury, and Heng Meng menghengjinan@163.com

    Analysis:

    Article Title: ADGRG1-targeted hypoxia preconditioned extracellular vesicles ameliorate intervertebral disc degeneration by delivering taurine to disrupt the oxidative stress feedback loop-driven ferroptosis in nucleus pulposus cells
    Article Snippet: .. Finally, the presence of the characteristic EV markers Alix (92880, Cell Signaling Technology), CD81 (56039, Cell Signaling Technology) and TSG101 (sc-7964, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) was confirmed by Western blot analysis. ..

    Membrane:

    Article Title: Cerebrospinal Fluid from Restless Legs Syndrome Patients Reduces Iron Uptake in Blood-Brain Barrier Endothelial Cells by Disrupting the Regulation of Transferrin Receptors.
    Article Snippet: .. The blocked PVDF membrane probed with TfR1 (Santa Cruz,USA, sc-65882, 1:250), FPN1 (Alpha Diagnostic International, USA, MTP-11S, 1:1,000), ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) (Cell Signaling Technology, USA, 4393S, 1:1,000), ferritin light chain (FTL) (Abcam, USA, ab69090; 1:1,000), CD63 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1:1,000), CD81 (cell signaling technology, 1:1000, 52892) IRP1and 2 (Cell Signaling Technology, 20272, 37135; 1:1,000), and β-actin (Sigma A544, 1:1,000), incubated overnight at 4 C. The probed membranes were washed with 0.1% TBST, and horseradish peroxidase -conjugated mouse or rabbit secondary antibodies were added and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature. .. The enhanced chemiluminescence (Santa Cruz) reagent was used to see the bands by using Amersham Imager 600 (GE Amersham, United Kingdom).

    Expressing:

    Article Title: AQP4-IgG-Induced Astrocyte-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Carrying Mitochondrial DNA Regulate the TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway to Drive Microglial Activation and Neuromyelitis Optica.
    Article Snippet: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disease mediated by pathogenic autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4IgG) [1].. Astrocyte lysis and reactive astrogliosis are major pathological features during the acute phase of NMO, especially in patients who are seropositive for AQP4-IgG [2, 3].. AQP4-IgG stimulates downstream inflammatory responses through both complement-dependent and complement-independent pathways, resulting in blood-brain barrier disruption, neuroinflammation, demyelination, axonal injury, and Heng Meng menghengjinan@163.com



    Similar Products

    96
    Proteintech china cd81 27855 1 ap rabbit
    China Cd81 27855 1 Ap Rabbit, supplied by Proteintech, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/cd81/CD81+Antibody/pm42829902-140-10-16
    Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    china cd81 27855 1 ap rabbit - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    96/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    96
    Proteintech cd81 41779 sab
    Cd81 41779 Sab, supplied by Proteintech, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/cd81/CD81+Antibody/pm42809082-150-2-8
    Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    cd81 41779 sab - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    96/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    95
    Cell Signaling Technology Inc cd81 cst
    Cd81 Cst, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/cd81/CD81+Rabbit+mAb/pm42733113-323-58-59
    Average 95 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    cd81 cst - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    95/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    96
    Santa Cruz Biotechnology anti cd81 antibody
    Anti Cd81 Antibody, supplied by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/cd81/CD81+Antibody/pm42772705-70-22-27
    Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    anti cd81 antibody - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    96/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    96
    Cell Signaling Technology Inc cd81 cell signaling technology
    Cd81 Cell Signaling Technology, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/cd81/CD81+Rabbit+mAb/pm42733113-323-23-27
    Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    cd81 cell signaling technology - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    96/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    95
    ABclonal Biotechnology cd81 abclonal a5270 rrid ab 2766091 h m pfa
    Cd81 Abclonal A5270 Rrid Ab 2766091 H M Pfa, supplied by ABclonal Biotechnology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/cd81/CD81+Rabbit+pAb/pm42733113-323-36-37
    Average 95 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    cd81 abclonal a5270 rrid ab 2766091 h m pfa - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    95/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    96
    Santa Cruz Biotechnology cd81 santa cruz biotechnology scb
    Cd81 Santa Cruz Biotechnology Scb, supplied by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/cd81/CD81+Antibody/pm42733113-323-47-48
    Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    cd81 santa cruz biotechnology scb - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    96/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    95
    ABclonal Biotechnology flotillin 1
    miR-1290 is upregulated in breast cancer and BCAF/MB-231-derived exosomes. a Nanoparticle tracking analysis of exosomes isolated from BCAFs and MB-231 cells showing their size distribution. The mean size and standard deviation (SD) are indicated for each sample. b TEM images of exosomes isolated from BCAFs (upper) and MB-231 cells (lower) showing the characteristic morphology of the exosomes. Scale bar, 100 nm. c Western blot analysis of exosome markers (CD63, CD81, and <t>flotillin-1),</t> CAF markers (α-SMA and FAP) and cellular markers (GM130 and H3) in BCAF cells, MB-231 cells and their derived exosomes. d BCAF-derived exosome uptake by TNBC cells. PKH67-labeled BCAF-derived exosomes (green) were incubated with BT-549 and Hs578T cells for 1 hour. The cell nuclei were stained with Hoechst 33342 (blue). Scale bar, 20 μm. e Heatmap showing miRNA expression profiles in exosomes derived from BCAFs and MB-231 cells. Red indicates high expression, and blue indicates low expression. miR-1290 (highlighted in red) is highly expressed in both exosome types. f Volcano plots showing differentially expressed miRNAs between breast cancer or TNBC samples and normal controls in five independent GEO datasets ( GSE37963 , GSE45666 , GSE45498 , GSE38167 , and GSE61438 ). Red and blue dots represent upregulated and downregulated miRNAs, respectively, selected using fold-change and nominal p value cutoffs (|log2(fold change)| > 0.58 and nominal p < 0.05, two-tailed Welch’s t test). g Venn diagram analysis of upregulated miRNAs across the five GEO datasets revealed four commonly upregulated miRNAs. h Violin plot showing miR-1290 expression levels in serum samples from normal individuals ( N , n = 2686) and breast cancer patients ( P , n = 1280) from the GSE73002 dataset. The expression of miR-1290 was significantly upregulated in the breast cancer patient samples (*** p < 0.001, Mann‒Whitney U test). i Analysis of serum exosomal miR-1290 levels in normal ( N , n = 20) and TNBC patient ( P , n = 39) samples collected at Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital. The results support the potential of miR-1290 as a candidate diagnostic marker in an independent cohort (*** p < 0.001, Mann‒Whitney U test). j Kaplan‒Meier plot of overall survival for TNBC patients based on serum exosomal miR-1290 expression levels from Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital ( p = 0.006, log-rank test)
    Flotillin 1, supplied by ABclonal Biotechnology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/cd81/CD81+Rabbit+pAb/pmc13612446-411-16-18
    Average 95 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    flotillin 1 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    95/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    96
    Proteintech cd81 66866 1 ig
    miR-1290 is upregulated in breast cancer and BCAF/MB-231-derived exosomes. a Nanoparticle tracking analysis of exosomes isolated from BCAFs and MB-231 cells showing their size distribution. The mean size and standard deviation (SD) are indicated for each sample. b TEM images of exosomes isolated from BCAFs (upper) and MB-231 cells (lower) showing the characteristic morphology of the exosomes. Scale bar, 100 nm. c Western blot analysis of exosome markers (CD63, CD81, and <t>flotillin-1),</t> CAF markers (α-SMA and FAP) and cellular markers (GM130 and H3) in BCAF cells, MB-231 cells and their derived exosomes. d BCAF-derived exosome uptake by TNBC cells. PKH67-labeled BCAF-derived exosomes (green) were incubated with BT-549 and Hs578T cells for 1 hour. The cell nuclei were stained with Hoechst 33342 (blue). Scale bar, 20 μm. e Heatmap showing miRNA expression profiles in exosomes derived from BCAFs and MB-231 cells. Red indicates high expression, and blue indicates low expression. miR-1290 (highlighted in red) is highly expressed in both exosome types. f Volcano plots showing differentially expressed miRNAs between breast cancer or TNBC samples and normal controls in five independent GEO datasets ( GSE37963 , GSE45666 , GSE45498 , GSE38167 , and GSE61438 ). Red and blue dots represent upregulated and downregulated miRNAs, respectively, selected using fold-change and nominal p value cutoffs (|log2(fold change)| > 0.58 and nominal p < 0.05, two-tailed Welch’s t test). g Venn diagram analysis of upregulated miRNAs across the five GEO datasets revealed four commonly upregulated miRNAs. h Violin plot showing miR-1290 expression levels in serum samples from normal individuals ( N , n = 2686) and breast cancer patients ( P , n = 1280) from the GSE73002 dataset. The expression of miR-1290 was significantly upregulated in the breast cancer patient samples (*** p < 0.001, Mann‒Whitney U test). i Analysis of serum exosomal miR-1290 levels in normal ( N , n = 20) and TNBC patient ( P , n = 39) samples collected at Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital. The results support the potential of miR-1290 as a candidate diagnostic marker in an independent cohort (*** p < 0.001, Mann‒Whitney U test). j Kaplan‒Meier plot of overall survival for TNBC patients based on serum exosomal miR-1290 expression levels from Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital ( p = 0.006, log-rank test)
    Cd81 66866 1 Ig, supplied by Proteintech, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/cd81/CD81+Antibody/pm42757484-57-6-12
    Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    cd81 66866 1 ig - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    96/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    96
    Proteintech cd81
    miR-1290 is upregulated in breast cancer and BCAF/MB-231-derived exosomes. a Nanoparticle tracking analysis of exosomes isolated from BCAFs and MB-231 cells showing their size distribution. The mean size and standard deviation (SD) are indicated for each sample. b TEM images of exosomes isolated from BCAFs (upper) and MB-231 cells (lower) showing the characteristic morphology of the exosomes. Scale bar, 100 nm. c Western blot analysis of exosome markers (CD63, CD81, and <t>flotillin-1),</t> CAF markers (α-SMA and FAP) and cellular markers (GM130 and H3) in BCAF cells, MB-231 cells and their derived exosomes. d BCAF-derived exosome uptake by TNBC cells. PKH67-labeled BCAF-derived exosomes (green) were incubated with BT-549 and Hs578T cells for 1 hour. The cell nuclei were stained with Hoechst 33342 (blue). Scale bar, 20 μm. e Heatmap showing miRNA expression profiles in exosomes derived from BCAFs and MB-231 cells. Red indicates high expression, and blue indicates low expression. miR-1290 (highlighted in red) is highly expressed in both exosome types. f Volcano plots showing differentially expressed miRNAs between breast cancer or TNBC samples and normal controls in five independent GEO datasets ( GSE37963 , GSE45666 , GSE45498 , GSE38167 , and GSE61438 ). Red and blue dots represent upregulated and downregulated miRNAs, respectively, selected using fold-change and nominal p value cutoffs (|log2(fold change)| > 0.58 and nominal p < 0.05, two-tailed Welch’s t test). g Venn diagram analysis of upregulated miRNAs across the five GEO datasets revealed four commonly upregulated miRNAs. h Violin plot showing miR-1290 expression levels in serum samples from normal individuals ( N , n = 2686) and breast cancer patients ( P , n = 1280) from the GSE73002 dataset. The expression of miR-1290 was significantly upregulated in the breast cancer patient samples (*** p < 0.001, Mann‒Whitney U test). i Analysis of serum exosomal miR-1290 levels in normal ( N , n = 20) and TNBC patient ( P , n = 39) samples collected at Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital. The results support the potential of miR-1290 as a candidate diagnostic marker in an independent cohort (*** p < 0.001, Mann‒Whitney U test). j Kaplan‒Meier plot of overall survival for TNBC patients based on serum exosomal miR-1290 expression levels from Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital ( p = 0.006, log-rank test)
    Cd81, supplied by Proteintech, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/cd81/CD81+Antibody/pm42526374-70-15-17
    Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    cd81 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    96/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    Image Search Results


    miR-1290 is upregulated in breast cancer and BCAF/MB-231-derived exosomes. a Nanoparticle tracking analysis of exosomes isolated from BCAFs and MB-231 cells showing their size distribution. The mean size and standard deviation (SD) are indicated for each sample. b TEM images of exosomes isolated from BCAFs (upper) and MB-231 cells (lower) showing the characteristic morphology of the exosomes. Scale bar, 100 nm. c Western blot analysis of exosome markers (CD63, CD81, and flotillin-1), CAF markers (α-SMA and FAP) and cellular markers (GM130 and H3) in BCAF cells, MB-231 cells and their derived exosomes. d BCAF-derived exosome uptake by TNBC cells. PKH67-labeled BCAF-derived exosomes (green) were incubated with BT-549 and Hs578T cells for 1 hour. The cell nuclei were stained with Hoechst 33342 (blue). Scale bar, 20 μm. e Heatmap showing miRNA expression profiles in exosomes derived from BCAFs and MB-231 cells. Red indicates high expression, and blue indicates low expression. miR-1290 (highlighted in red) is highly expressed in both exosome types. f Volcano plots showing differentially expressed miRNAs between breast cancer or TNBC samples and normal controls in five independent GEO datasets ( GSE37963 , GSE45666 , GSE45498 , GSE38167 , and GSE61438 ). Red and blue dots represent upregulated and downregulated miRNAs, respectively, selected using fold-change and nominal p value cutoffs (|log2(fold change)| > 0.58 and nominal p < 0.05, two-tailed Welch’s t test). g Venn diagram analysis of upregulated miRNAs across the five GEO datasets revealed four commonly upregulated miRNAs. h Violin plot showing miR-1290 expression levels in serum samples from normal individuals ( N , n = 2686) and breast cancer patients ( P , n = 1280) from the GSE73002 dataset. The expression of miR-1290 was significantly upregulated in the breast cancer patient samples (*** p < 0.001, Mann‒Whitney U test). i Analysis of serum exosomal miR-1290 levels in normal ( N , n = 20) and TNBC patient ( P , n = 39) samples collected at Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital. The results support the potential of miR-1290 as a candidate diagnostic marker in an independent cohort (*** p < 0.001, Mann‒Whitney U test). j Kaplan‒Meier plot of overall survival for TNBC patients based on serum exosomal miR-1290 expression levels from Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital ( p = 0.006, log-rank test)

    Journal: Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

    Article Title: Breast cancer-associated fibroblast-derived exosomal miR-1290 promotes triple-negative breast cancer cell proliferation

    doi: 10.1038/s41392-026-02922-y

    Figure Lengend Snippet: miR-1290 is upregulated in breast cancer and BCAF/MB-231-derived exosomes. a Nanoparticle tracking analysis of exosomes isolated from BCAFs and MB-231 cells showing their size distribution. The mean size and standard deviation (SD) are indicated for each sample. b TEM images of exosomes isolated from BCAFs (upper) and MB-231 cells (lower) showing the characteristic morphology of the exosomes. Scale bar, 100 nm. c Western blot analysis of exosome markers (CD63, CD81, and flotillin-1), CAF markers (α-SMA and FAP) and cellular markers (GM130 and H3) in BCAF cells, MB-231 cells and their derived exosomes. d BCAF-derived exosome uptake by TNBC cells. PKH67-labeled BCAF-derived exosomes (green) were incubated with BT-549 and Hs578T cells for 1 hour. The cell nuclei were stained with Hoechst 33342 (blue). Scale bar, 20 μm. e Heatmap showing miRNA expression profiles in exosomes derived from BCAFs and MB-231 cells. Red indicates high expression, and blue indicates low expression. miR-1290 (highlighted in red) is highly expressed in both exosome types. f Volcano plots showing differentially expressed miRNAs between breast cancer or TNBC samples and normal controls in five independent GEO datasets ( GSE37963 , GSE45666 , GSE45498 , GSE38167 , and GSE61438 ). Red and blue dots represent upregulated and downregulated miRNAs, respectively, selected using fold-change and nominal p value cutoffs (|log2(fold change)| > 0.58 and nominal p < 0.05, two-tailed Welch’s t test). g Venn diagram analysis of upregulated miRNAs across the five GEO datasets revealed four commonly upregulated miRNAs. h Violin plot showing miR-1290 expression levels in serum samples from normal individuals ( N , n = 2686) and breast cancer patients ( P , n = 1280) from the GSE73002 dataset. The expression of miR-1290 was significantly upregulated in the breast cancer patient samples (*** p < 0.001, Mann‒Whitney U test). i Analysis of serum exosomal miR-1290 levels in normal ( N , n = 20) and TNBC patient ( P , n = 39) samples collected at Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital. The results support the potential of miR-1290 as a candidate diagnostic marker in an independent cohort (*** p < 0.001, Mann‒Whitney U test). j Kaplan‒Meier plot of overall survival for TNBC patients based on serum exosomal miR-1290 expression levels from Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital ( p = 0.006, log-rank test)

    Article Snippet: Membranes were incubated with the following primary antibodies: CD63 (1:200; ABclonal, A5271), CD81 (1:200; ABclonal, A5270), flotillin-1 (1:1000; ABclonal, A6220), α-SMA (1:1000; ABclonal, A17910), FAP (1:1000; ABclonal, A23789 ), GM130 (1:1000; Abcam, ab52649), H3 (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, 4620S), ACTB (1:20,000; ABclonal, AC026), TBC1D4 (1:200; Cell Signaling Technology, 2670S), P70S6K (1:500; Cell Signaling Technology, 9202S), phospho-P70S6K (1:500; ABclonal, AP0564), and Ki67 (1:1000; Abcam, ab16667).

    Techniques: Derivative Assay, Exosomes, Analysis, Isolation, Standard Deviation, Morphology, Western Blot, Labeling, Incubation, Staining, Expressing, Two Tailed Test, Blood/Plasma/Serum Samples, Diagnostic Assay, Marker