Journal: BioMed Research International
Article Title: All-Trans Retinoic Acid Enhances Bacterial Flagellin-Stimulated Proinflammatory Responses in Human Monocyte THP-1 Cells by Upregulating CD14
doi: 10.1155/2019/8059312
Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of RAR α , RXR α agonist, or antagonist on NF- κ B/AP-1 activity of THP-1 cells upon flagellin challenge. To determine RAR/RXR agonist effects, THP1-XBlue cells were treated with 1 μ M RAR α agonist BMS753 (a) or 1 μ M RXR α agonist LG100268 (b) for 24 h and then treated with different concentrations of flagellin as indicated above for 24 h to determine RAR/RXR antagonist effects; cells were preincubated with 1 μ M RAR α antagonist BMS195614 (a) or RXR α antagonist UVI3003 (b) for 2 h and then treated with 1 μ M ATRA or DMSO for 24 h followed by stimulation with different concentrations of flagellin from S. typhimurium as indicated above for 24 h. Secreted alkaline phosphatase in cell culture supernatants was measured by ELISA to determine NF- κ B/AP-1 activity. Bar graphs indicate relative NF- κ B/AP-1 activity ± SD. Statistical significance was assessed by one-way ANOVA using SPSS. ∗ p < 0.01.
Article Snippet: To determine antagonist effects, RAR α antagonist BMS195614 (Sigma-Aldrich) and RXR α antagonist UVI 3003 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, Texas, USA) were used.
Techniques: Activity Assay, Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay