Journal: Biomolecules and Biomedicine
Article Title: Synergistic effect of the rifaximin–berberine combination against Klebsiella pneumoniae : RfaH targeting supported by MD simulation
doi: 10.17305/bb.2026.13776
Figure Lengend Snippet: Time–kill kinetics of KP ATCC 700603 following rifaximin and berberine chloride monotherapy or combination treatment. Early log-phase cultures (starting inoculum ≈1.5 × 10 5 CFU/mL) were exposed to rifaximin (100 µM), berberine chloride (100 µM), or the synergistic checkerboard-derived combination (50 µM rifaximin + 6.25 µM berberine chloride), alongside an untreated growth control, and viable counts were quantified over 24 h by colony enumeration. The combination produced enhanced killing relative to either single agent, achieving a 2.56 log 10 CFU/mL reduction from baseline at 24 h versus 1.59 log 10 for rifaximin alone (Δ ≈ 0.98 log 10 ). This improvement did not meet the predefined time–kill synergy criterion (≥2 log 10 CFU/mL decrease compared with the most active single agent at the same time point). Data are mean log 10 CFU/mL ± SD from three independent experiments. Abbreviations: KP: Klebsiella pneumoniae ; ATCC: American Type Culture Collection; CFU: Colony-forming unit; SD: Standard deviation.
Article Snippet: The antibacterial efficacy of rifaximin and berberine chloride against KP ATCC 700603 was quantitatively assessed using the INT colorimetric assay to determine MIC.
Techniques: Derivative Assay, Control, Produced, Standard Deviation