a172 human glioblastoma  (ATCC)

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Identification of ADAR1i-124: The first effective A-to-I RNA editing inhibitor with promising cancer therapeutic potential

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.114615

Figure Lengend Snippet: DNA methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-CdR enhances the efficacy of ADAR1i-124 in dose-dependent eradication of certain cancer cell lines less responsive to ADAR1i-124 alone (A) 5-Aza-CdR (1 μM) reduced the IC 50 of ADAR1i-124 for Yumm1.7 CM cell survival rate by 12-fold. A similar reduction in cell viability was observed with the combination treatment of 5-Aza-CdR in A172 cells, which are completely unresponsive to ADAR1i-124 monotherapy. 5-Aza-CdR (1 μM) alone had no significant effect on the viability of either Yumm1.7 or A172 cells (left graphs). Data: mean ± SD ( n = 3, biological replicates). Significant differences were identified by two-tailed Student’s t tests: n.s., not significant. (B) Immunostaining with J2 antibodies revealed unedited and/or under-edited dsRNAs in Yumm1.7 cells treated with just 1 μM of ADAR1i-124, compared to the previously used 10 μM concentration (see B). These unedited and/or under-edited dsRNAs were detected also in A172 cells treated with the combination of ADAR1i-124 (10 μM) and 5-Aza-CdR (1 μM). Scale bars, 20 μm. (C) Immunostaining of Z-RNAs with Z22 antibodies in Yumm1.7 cells treated with 5-Aza-CdR and/or ADAR1i-124 (1 μM). Scale bars, 20 μm. (D) Western blotting analysis for ADAR1 downstream targets in Yumm1.7 and A172 cells treated with ADAR1i-124 and/or 5-Aza-CdR. Apparent molecular weights (kDa) are indicated. Full blots with molecular weight markers are shown in H (Yumm1.7) and I (A172). (E) The decrease in the Yumm1.7 cell survival rate by a combination of 5-Aza-CdR and ADAR1i-124 was rescued by siIfih1 (MDA5) and siZbp1, while the inhibition of the A172 cell survival rate by a combination of 5-Aza-CdR and ADAR1i-124 was rescued by siIFIH1 (MDA5) and siEIF2ak2 (PKR). Data: mean ± SD ( n = 3 per group, biological replicates). One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test was used to determine the significance. n.s., not significant; ∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: HeLa human ovarian carcinoma (ATCC CCL-2), IMR90 human lung fibroblast (ATCC CCL-186), WM3000 and WM4223 human acral melanoma, HeLa-Nluc-edit cells, A172 human glioblastoma, Yumm1.7 mouse cutaneous melanoma (ATCC CRL-3362), and HGS2 mouse ovarian cancer cell lines were used in this study.

Techniques: DNA Methylation Assay, Two Tailed Test, Immunostaining, Concentration Assay, Western Blot, Molecular Weight, Inhibition

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Identification of ADAR1i-124: The first effective A-to-I RNA editing inhibitor with promising cancer therapeutic potential

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.114615

Figure Lengend Snippet: DNA methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-CdR enhances the efficacy of ADAR1i-124 in dose-dependent eradication of certain cancer cell lines less responsive to ADAR1i-124 alone (A) 5-Aza-CdR (1 μM) reduced the IC 50 of ADAR1i-124 for Yumm1.7 CM cell survival rate by 12-fold. A similar reduction in cell viability was observed with the combination treatment of 5-Aza-CdR in A172 cells, which are completely unresponsive to ADAR1i-124 monotherapy. 5-Aza-CdR (1 μM) alone had no significant effect on the viability of either Yumm1.7 or A172 cells (left graphs). Data: mean ± SD ( n = 3, biological replicates). Significant differences were identified by two-tailed Student’s t tests: n.s., not significant. (B) Immunostaining with J2 antibodies revealed unedited and/or under-edited dsRNAs in Yumm1.7 cells treated with just 1 μM of ADAR1i-124, compared to the previously used 10 μM concentration (see B). These unedited and/or under-edited dsRNAs were detected also in A172 cells treated with the combination of ADAR1i-124 (10 μM) and 5-Aza-CdR (1 μM). Scale bars, 20 μm. (C) Immunostaining of Z-RNAs with Z22 antibodies in Yumm1.7 cells treated with 5-Aza-CdR and/or ADAR1i-124 (1 μM). Scale bars, 20 μm. (D) Western blotting analysis for ADAR1 downstream targets in Yumm1.7 and A172 cells treated with ADAR1i-124 and/or 5-Aza-CdR. Apparent molecular weights (kDa) are indicated. Full blots with molecular weight markers are shown in H (Yumm1.7) and I (A172). (E) The decrease in the Yumm1.7 cell survival rate by a combination of 5-Aza-CdR and ADAR1i-124 was rescued by siIfih1 (MDA5) and siZbp1, while the inhibition of the A172 cell survival rate by a combination of 5-Aza-CdR and ADAR1i-124 was rescued by siIFIH1 (MDA5) and siEIF2ak2 (PKR). Data: mean ± SD ( n = 3 per group, biological replicates). One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test was used to determine the significance. n.s., not significant; ∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: A172 , ATCC , CRL-1620.

Techniques: DNA Methylation Assay, Two Tailed Test, Immunostaining, Concentration Assay, Western Blot, Molecular Weight, Inhibition

Journal: Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin, Germany)

Article Title: Temozolomide increases the generation of cell heterogeneity in ERK activity in glioma cells

doi: 10.1007/s00109-026-02644-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Phenotypic space of ERK activity in glioblastoma cells. A ERK activity was measured by the cytoplasmic/nuclear (C/N) ratio of the green fluorescence of cells expressing ERK-KTR and 53BP1-Apple. B Four levels of ERK activity were defined as very inactive (VI), inactive (I), active (A), and very active (VA) based on the distributions of ERK activity of A172 cells grown in 10% FBS (orange line) or 0.5% FBS (blue line) for 48 h and C 20 nM trametinib for 2 h (green line) or 2.5 ng/ml of EGF for 15 min (red line) after 48 h of serum deprivation. Relative Shannon Index of 4 groups (rSI4 or SI4 ERK ) calculations are indicated. D Average ERK activity and E phenotypic space (rSI4) occupied by cells treated as in B and C . Each dot represents an image field with at least 20 cells (10% n = 2085 cells; 0.5% n = 4466 cells; TRAM n = 362 cells). F Representative image field of A172 glioma cells and I MRC5 fibroblast cells before (left) and after (right) 15 min of 2.5 ng/ml of EGF treatment (20× magnification). The numbers in the image represent the C/N ratio of each cell. The distribution of cells’ phenotypes and SI4 ERK for this group of cells is shown in the graphs below the images. G Distribution of cells treated with EGF after 48 h of serum deprivation in A172 glioma cells and J MRC5 cells. H SI4 ERK occupied by A172 glioma cells and K MRC5 cells after 15 min of EGF treatment. Each dot represents an image field with at least 20 cells (A172 n = at least 350 cells per EGF dose; MRC5 n = at least 186 cells per EGF dose) One-way ANOVA. EGF, epidermal growth factor; TRAM, trametinib; rSI4 or SI4 ERK , relative Shannon Index of 4 groups of ERK activity); * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001

Article Snippet: In this study, we used A172 glioblastoma cell line (ATCC, catalog number CRL-1620), U-251 MG glioma cell line (STR validated in October 2018 by the Banco de Células do Rio de Janeiro), U138 MG glioblastoma cell line (ATCC HTB-16), and MRC5 lung fibroblast cell line (ATCC, catalog number CCL-171).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Fluorescence, Expressing

Journal: Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin, Germany)

Article Title: Temozolomide increases the generation of cell heterogeneity in ERK activity in glioma cells

doi: 10.1007/s00109-026-02644-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Impact of TMZ on ERK phenotype heterogeneity. A Average and B distribution of ERK activity of A172 cells treated with TMZ (100 mM for 3 h). Cells were imaged every 10 min for 12 h prior to TMZ treatment, during 3 h of treatment, and for 12 h 3 or 10 days after treatment withdrawal. Each dot represents the time-averaged ERK activity of an image field with at least 20 cells (prior to TMZ n = 1834 reads, during TMZ n = 268 reads, 3 days after n = 9683 reads, 10 days after n = 3671 reads). DMSO was used in the same volume as TMZ for control of mechanical ERK stimulation. One-way ANOVA. C Distribution of ERK states frequency prior to TMZ treatment, and 3, 6, or 10 days after treatment withdrawal in U-251 MG cells. D Phenotypic space occupied by A172 or E U-251 MG cells treated as in A . One-way ANOVA. F Average nuclear area of untreated and TMZ treated A172 cells 3, 5, and 10 days after drug removal. Each dot represents the average of a field with at least 30 cells (10× magnification). One-way ANOVA. ** p < 0.005, **** p < 0.0001. G Relation of phenotypic space of ERK activity (SI4 ERK ) and nuclear area heterogeneity (SI4 NucArea ) of A172 glioma cells before TMZ treatment and 3, 5, and 10 days after treatment withdrawal. Each dot represents the SI4 ERK /SI4 NucArea of a field with at least 30 cells (10× magnification). Unpaired t -test. H Phenotypic space of ERK activity occupied by the cells of A172 colonies immediately before (day 4) and 3 days after treatment withdrawal (day 7). Each dot represents the SI4 ERK of a colony of cells imaged every 10 min for 3 h (10× magnification) (untreated n = 32; TMZ treated n = 26). Unpaired t -test. I Change in SI4 ERK of each colony after TMZ treatment and its relationship with colony growth. Each dot represents the SI4 ERK of a colony of cells imaged every 10 min for 3 h (10× magnification). Arrows indicate the pathway from initial to final SI4 ERK and colony size of each colony. Blue dots indicate homogeneous colonies, and red dots indicate heterogeneous colonies. J Correlations among colony size (CS), average ERK activity of the colony (AV ERK), and phenotypic space of ERK activity (SI4 ERK ), together with the deltas (∆CS, ∆AV ERK , and ∆SI4 ERK ) of these features from day 4 (B, before TMZ) and day 7 (A, 3 days after TMZ withdrawal). Relevant positive and negative correlations are shown in detail ( J (a, b, c, d))

Article Snippet: In this study, we used A172 glioblastoma cell line (ATCC, catalog number CRL-1620), U-251 MG glioma cell line (STR validated in October 2018 by the Banco de Células do Rio de Janeiro), U138 MG glioblastoma cell line (ATCC HTB-16), and MRC5 lung fibroblast cell line (ATCC, catalog number CCL-171).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Control

Journal: Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin, Germany)

Article Title: Temozolomide increases the generation of cell heterogeneity in ERK activity in glioma cells

doi: 10.1007/s00109-026-02644-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Reduction of ERK phenotype heterogeneity reduces fractional killing of clonal populations. A Average of ERK activity from cells treated with TMZ (100 mM for 3 h); TRAM (20 nM for 24 h) or a combination of TMZ and TRAM. Cells were imaged every 10 min for 12 h prior to TMZ treatment, during 3 h of treatment and for 12 h 3 or 10 days after treatment withdrawal. Each dot represents the time-averaged ERK activity of an image field with at least 20 cells (TMZ during n = 268, TMZ 3 d n = 9683, TMZ 10 d n = 3671; TRAM during n = 362; TRAM 3 d n = 331; TRAM 10 d n = 245; TMZ + TRAM during n = 428, TMZ + TRAM 3 d n = 650; TMZ + TRAM 10 d n = 599). One-way ANOVA. B Impact of MEK inhibition with TRAM on the SI4 ERK 3 or 10 days after drug withdrawal in A172 and C U-251 MG cells. Cells were treated as in A . One-way ANOVA. D Colony size of A172 cells for each treatment type on day 14. Each dot represents a colony. Unpaired, two-sided Mann–Whitney U test. E Lethal fraction (LF) over time of A172 colonies after TMZ, F TRAM or G TMZ and TRAM treatments. Heterogeneity in LF induction was calculated as the Shannon Index diversity (SI4 LF ) for 4 equal categories. Black lines represent the average of LF of all colonies. H LF of colonies whose phenotypic heterogeneity remained stable (stb), increased (inc) or decreased (dec) 3 days after TMZ treatment. ∆SI4 ERK was calculated as SI4 ERK after TMZ treatment minus SI4 ERK before treatment. ∆SI4 ERK was considered stable when it changed to less than 10%. One-way ANOVA. I Maximum LF observed after TMZ, TRAM, or TMZ and TRAM treatment. Each dot represents a colony (untreated n = 37; TMZ n = 64; TRAM n = 39; TMZ and TRAM n = 33). J Proportion of colonies with > 75%, 25–75% or < 25% of death rate at the end of the experiment for TMZ (above) and TMZ and TRAM treatments (lower). LF (lethal fraction); TMZ (temozolomide); TRAM (trametinib); ns, non-significative; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005; **** p < 0.001

Article Snippet: In this study, we used A172 glioblastoma cell line (ATCC, catalog number CRL-1620), U-251 MG glioma cell line (STR validated in October 2018 by the Banco de Células do Rio de Janeiro), U138 MG glioblastoma cell line (ATCC HTB-16), and MRC5 lung fibroblast cell line (ATCC, catalog number CCL-171).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Inhibition, MANN-WHITNEY