baclofen cas no 69308 37 8 mce  (MedChemExpress)

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: The GABAB receptor agonist STX209 reverses the autism-like behaviour in an animal model of autism induced by prenatal exposure to valproic acid

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12670

Figure Lengend Snippet: Treatment with STX209 ameliorates sociability deficits and preference for social novelty deficits in VPA model mice. (A) Representative trace and heatmap images from tested mice in scene 1 in the social interaction test (E, empty; S1, stranger 1). (B) Time that tested mice entered the region containing stranger 1 for sniffing in scene 1. (C) Time that tested mice entered the empty cage region for sniffing in scene 1. (D) Representative trace and heatmap images from tested mice in scene 2 in the social interaction test (E, empty; S1, stranger 1; S2, stranger 2). (E) Time that tested mice entered the region containing stranger 2 for sniffing in scene 2. (F) Time that tested mice entered the region containing stranger 1 for sniffing in scene 2. (G) Total time that tested mice entered the region containing stranger 2 and stranger 1 for sniffing in scene 2. (H) SPI of tested mice in scene 2. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 (two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test). All data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Each group had 14 mice. CTRL, control; NS, normal saline; SPI, social preference index; VPA, valproic acid; ns, no significance.

Article Snippet: STX209 (MedChemExpress) was administered intraperitoneally to CTRL+STX20 and VPA+STX209 group mice at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg in 0.9% NS twice a day from weaning (P21) until the end of the experiment (approximately P60) ( ).

Techniques: Saline

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: The GABAB receptor agonist STX209 reverses the autism-like behaviour in an animal model of autism induced by prenatal exposure to valproic acid

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12670

Figure Lengend Snippet: STX209 ameliorates the novelty recognition deficits of VPA model mice. (A) Representative trace and heatmap images from tested mice in scene 1 in the novel object recognition task. (B) Representative trace and heatmap images from tested mice in scene 2 in the novel object recognition task. This test was used to assess novelty recognition ability. (C) Total time spent sniffing the two similar objects by each group of mice in scene 1. (D) Time spent sniffing the novel object by each group of mice in scene 2. (E) DI of each group of mice in scene 2. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 (two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test). All data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Each group had 14 mice. CTRL, control; DI, discrimination index; NS, normal saline; VPA, valproic acid; ns, no significance.

Article Snippet: STX209 (MedChemExpress) was administered intraperitoneally to CTRL+STX20 and VPA+STX209 group mice at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg in 0.9% NS twice a day from weaning (P21) until the end of the experiment (approximately P60) ( ).

Techniques: Saline

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: The GABAB receptor agonist STX209 reverses the autism-like behaviour in an animal model of autism induced by prenatal exposure to valproic acid

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12670

Figure Lengend Snippet: STX209 ameliorates the locomotion and exploratory activity deficits of VPA model mice. (A) Representative trace and heatmap images from tested mice in the open-field task (task 1). (B) Representative trace and heatmap images from tested mice in the open-field habituation task (task 2). (C) Time travelled in the inner zone by mice in the two open-field tasks. (D) Distance travelled by mice in the inner zone in the two open-field tasks. (E) OFEI of mice in the two open-field tasks. ***P<0.001 (Student's paired t-test was used to compare the differences in behaviour in every group of mice between the two tasks, and three-way mixed ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test was used to compare the difference in same task among four group). All data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Each group had 14 mice. CTRL, control; OFEI, open-field exploration index; NS, normal saline; VPA, valproic acid; ns, no significance.

Article Snippet: STX209 (MedChemExpress) was administered intraperitoneally to CTRL+STX20 and VPA+STX209 group mice at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg in 0.9% NS twice a day from weaning (P21) until the end of the experiment (approximately P60) ( ).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Saline

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: The GABAB receptor agonist STX209 reverses the autism-like behaviour in an animal model of autism induced by prenatal exposure to valproic acid

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12670

Figure Lengend Snippet: STX209 ameliorates marble burying deficits in VPA model mice. (A) Representative marble burying maps. (B) Numbers of buried marbles of each group of mice in the 10-min test. (C) Number of burying actions (strong and obvious digging or burial movement) for each group of mice in the 10-min test. ***P<0.001 (two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test). All data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Each group had 14 mice. (D) Correlation analysis between the number of buried marbles and the number of burying actions was conducted using Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression analysis. All mice (n=56) were included in the analysis, and there was a linear correlation between the number of buried marbles and the number of burying actions. CTRL, control; VPA, valproic acid.

Article Snippet: STX209 (MedChemExpress) was administered intraperitoneally to CTRL+STX20 and VPA+STX209 group mice at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg in 0.9% NS twice a day from weaning (P21) until the end of the experiment (approximately P60) ( ).

Techniques:

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: The GABAB receptor agonist STX209 reverses the autism-like behaviour in an animal model of autism induced by prenatal exposure to valproic acid

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12670

Figure Lengend Snippet: Prenatal VPA exposure impairs neuronal development in the DG/CA1 in the hippocampi of offspring mice and STX209 ameliorates these neuronal structural defects. Representative reconstructions of the dendrites of (A) DG and (D) CA1 neurons in the hippocampus in the four groups (scale bar, 50 µm), concentric circles are 5 µm apart. Representative maps of dendritic spines at the ends of basal dendrites (tertiary dendrites) of (C) DG and (F) CA1 neurons in the four groups of mice. Arrows indicate the mushroom spine (scale bar, 5 µm). Total length of dendrites of (B) DG and (E) CA1 neurons in the four groups. Density of (G and I) total spines and (H and J) mushroom spines at the end of the basal dendrites (tertiary dendrites) of pyramidal neurons in the DG and CA1 regions of the hippocampus of the four groups (n=27/group). ***P<0.001 (two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test). All data are presented as the mean ± SEM. CTRL, control; DG, dentate gyrus; VPA, valproic acid; ns, no significance.

Article Snippet: STX209 (MedChemExpress) was administered intraperitoneally to CTRL+STX20 and VPA+STX209 group mice at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg in 0.9% NS twice a day from weaning (P21) until the end of the experiment (approximately P60) ( ).

Techniques:

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: The GABAB receptor agonist STX209 reverses the autism-like behaviour in an animal model of autism induced by prenatal exposure to valproic acid

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12670

Figure Lengend Snippet: Prenatal VPA exposure causes GABAergic system function defects in the hippocampus of VPA model mice, and nervous system damage in the CA1 and DG regions of the hippocampus in the mice. STX209 ameliorates these defects. Representative western blotting images showing the expression levels of (A) GABABR2 and (B) GAD65/67 protein in the entire hippocampus in each group. Histograms of the relative expression levels of (C) GABABR2 and (D) GAD65/67 proteins in each group (n=3 mice from different mothers/group; western blotting was repeated once). Chronic administration of STX209 did not increase GAD65/67 expression in VPA model mice but elevated the expression level of GABABR2. **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 (two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test). All data are presented as the mean ± SEM. CTRL, control; NS, normal saline; GABABR2, γ-aminobutyric acid type B receptor 2; GAD65/67, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65/67; VPA, valproic acid; ns, no significance.

Article Snippet: STX209 (MedChemExpress) was administered intraperitoneally to CTRL+STX20 and VPA+STX209 group mice at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg in 0.9% NS twice a day from weaning (P21) until the end of the experiment (approximately P60) ( ).

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Saline