bsh inhibitor gut  (MedChemExpress)

Journal: iMeta

Article Title: Gut Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum protects against fat deposition by enhancing secondary bile acid biosynthesis

doi: 10.1002/imt2.261

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum attenuates excessive fat deposition and enhances secondary bile acid biosynthesis in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice. (A) Schematic of the B. pseudocatenulatum monocolonization experiment. C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into five groups: (1) negative control (NC) group: chow diet + vehicle; (2) HFD group: HFD + vehicle; (3) BPS group: HFD + B. pseudocatenulatum supernatant; (4) HK group: HFD + heat‐killed B. pseudocatenulatum ; (5) BP group: HFD + live B. pseudocatenulatum . (B) The copies of B. pseudocatenulatum 16S rDNA in colonic contents. Median with interquartile range (Kruskal–Wallis test), n = 8 per group, * p < 0.05. (C) Body weight change. Median with interquartile range (friedman rank sum test), n = 13 per group, * p < 0.05. (D) Accumulative food intake. Median with range (Kruskal–Wallis test), n = 3 per group, * p < 0.05. (E) Adipose tissue weight. epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), perirenal white adipose tissue (pWAT), subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT), white adipose tissue (WAT). Median with interquartile range (Kruskal–Wallis test), n = 8 per group, * p < 0.05. (F) Representative hematoxylin and eosin‐stained image of eWAT and sWAT, and quantification of the mean adipocytes area. n = 5 per group, * p < 0.05, Scale bar = 50 μm. (G) The mRNA expression of lipid metabolism in eWAT. Median with interquartile range (Kruskal–Wallis test), n = 8 per group, * p < 0.05. Takeda G protein‐coupled receptor 5 ( Tgr5 ), Farnesoid X receptor ( Fxr ), Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma ( Pparγ ), Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors α ( Pparα ), Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 beta ( Cpt1β ). (H) BA concentration in colonic contents. 3‐keto‐5 β ‐cholic acid (3‐K‐5 β ‐CA), 3 β ‐ursodeoxycholic acid (3‐ β ‐UDCA), cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), epilithocholic acid (epiLCA), hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Median with interquartile range (Kruskal–Wallis test), n = 8 per group, * p < 0.05. NC group: chow diet + vehicle; HFD group: HFD + vehicle; BPS group: HFD + B. pseudocatenulatum supernatant; HK group: HFD + heat‐killed B. pseudocatenulatum ; BP group: HFD + live B. pseudocatenulatum . BA, bile acids.

Article Snippet: The mice were then randomly assigned into two groups: (1) ABP group: mice fed an HFD, and orally gavaged with 500 µL live B. pseudocatenulatum (5 × 10 8 CFU/500 µL BBL medium) ( n = 8) [ ]; (2) GR7 group: mice fed an HFD, orally gavaged with 500 µL live B. pseudocatenulatum (5 × 10 8 CFU/500 µL BBL medium) and 10 mg/kg gut‐restricted 7 (GR‐7, HY‐135747, MedChemExpress, Shanghai, China) ( n = 7) [ ].

Techniques: Negative Control, Staining, Expressing, Concentration Assay

Journal: iMeta

Article Title: Gut Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum protects against fat deposition by enhancing secondary bile acid biosynthesis

doi: 10.1002/imt2.261

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pharmacological inhibition of the bile salt hydrolase impairs the anti‐fat deposition effect of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum in antibiotic‐pretreated high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice. (A) Schematic of pharmacological inhibition of bile salt hydrolase experiment. C57BL/6 male mice were pretreated with HFD for 8 weeks, and antibiotic cocktail for 2 weeks. Mice were gavage with B. pseudocatenulatum or B. pseudocatenulatum with GR7 for 3 weeks. ABP group: HFD + antibiotics mixture (ABX) + B. pseudocatenulatum + Vehicle ( n = 8); GR7 group: HFD + ABX + B. pseudocatenulatum + Gut‐restricted 7 (GR7, n = 7). (B) Colonic bile acids concentration. 3 β ‐ursodeoxycholic acid (3‐ β ‐UDCA), cholic acid (CA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), taurocholic acid (TCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Data are shown as mean ± SEMs, ABP ( n = 8), GR7 ( n = 7), * p < 0.05 (Student's t test). (C) The copies of B. pseudocatenulatum 16S rDNA in colonic contents. Data are shown as mean ± SEMs, ABP ( n = 8), GR7 ( n = 7), * p < 0.05 (Student's t test). (D) Body weight change. Data are shown as mean ± SEMs, ABP ( n = 8), GR7 ( n = 7), * p < 0.05 (repeated measures analysis of variance). (E) Organ weight. epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), perirenal white adipose tissue (pWAT), subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT), white adipose tissue (WAT). Data are shown as mean ± SEMs, ABP ( n = 8), GR7 ( n = 7), * p < 0.05 (Student's t test). (F) Representative hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) image of eWAT, and quantification of the mean adipocyte area. Data are shown as mean ± SEMs, ABP ( n = 8), GR7 ( n = 7), * p < 0.05 (Student's t test), Scale bar = 50 μm. (G) Representative H&E image of sWAT, and quantification of the mean adipocyte area. Data are shown as mean ± SEMs, ABP ( n = 8), GR7 ( n = 7), * p < 0.05 (Student's t test), Scale bar = 50 μm. (H) The mRNA expression of lipid metabolism in eWAT. Data are shown as mean ± SEMs, ABP ( n = 8), GR7 ( n = 7), * p < 0.05 (Student's t test). Farnesoid X receptor ( Fxr ), Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma ( Pparγ ), Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 beta ( Cpt1β ), Takeda G protein‐coupled receptor 5 ( Tgr5 ), Hormone‐sensitive lipase ( Hsl ), Sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1 ( Srebp1 ), Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors α ( Pparα ), Acetyl‐CoA carboxylase ( Acc ), Fatty acid synthase ( Fasn ). ABP group: HFD + ABX + live B. pseudocatenulatum + Vehicle; GR7 group: HFD + ABX + live B. pseudocatenulatum + GR7. SEM, standard error of the mean.

Article Snippet: The mice were then randomly assigned into two groups: (1) ABP group: mice fed an HFD, and orally gavaged with 500 µL live B. pseudocatenulatum (5 × 10 8 CFU/500 µL BBL medium) ( n = 8) [ ]; (2) GR7 group: mice fed an HFD, orally gavaged with 500 µL live B. pseudocatenulatum (5 × 10 8 CFU/500 µL BBL medium) and 10 mg/kg gut‐restricted 7 (GR‐7, HY‐135747, MedChemExpress, Shanghai, China) ( n = 7) [ ].

Techniques: Inhibition, Concentration Assay, Expressing, Binding Assay