Journal: Emerging Microbes & Infections
Article Title: Antiviral susceptibility of clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses from humans in the United States, October 2024 to February 2025
doi: 10.1080/22221751.2025.2601372
Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of baloxavir treatment in mice inoculated with A(H5N1) virus with or without PA-I38M. Female six-week-old BALB/c mice (n = 16/group) were inoculated with 5× MLD 50 of A/California/147/2024 (CA/147, wildtype) (A,C,E,G) or A/California/150/2024 (CA/150, PA-I38M mutation) (B, D, F, H). Immediately after infection (∼2hpi), all inoculated mice we treated twice daily by oral gavage with baloxavir or placebo for 5 days (purple horizontal bar). Survival (A, B) and body weights (C, D) were monitored daily for 14 (CA/147, A and C) or 21 (CA/150, B and D) days (n = 8 mice per treatment dose). Data are mean percentages ± standard deviation (S.D.) of the starting weight. Survival curves were compared by the log-rank Mantel-Cox test. Virus titres in the lungs, brain, spleen and kidney were determined by performing TCID 50 in MDCK-SIAT1 cells at day 3 (E, F) and day 5 (G, H) post-infection (n = 4 mice per treatment condition). Data are means ± S.D.; points represent data from individual mice. The lower limit of detection is indicated by the horizontal dashed line (1.50 log 10 TCID 50 /g). TCID 50 /g, 50% tissue infectious dose per gram of tissue. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test was used for statistical comparison of tissue titres from treated and untreated groups (* p <0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001).
Article Snippet: The active metabolite PA-inhibitor baloxavir acid (MedChemExpress) was dissolved in DMSO.
Techniques: Virus, Mutagenesis, Infection, Standard Deviation, Comparison