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Figure 2. HNF4α regulates the promoter of the RARβ gene in HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells in 24-well plates were co-transfected for 24 h with a fragment of the human RARβ promoter expanding from −1.7 kbp from transcription start site to +0.217 kpb, as the full length promoter construct, in <t>pGL3-</t> basic-luc vector together with pRLTK plasmid containing Renilla-luc, as the control, and with either human HNF4α, RARα/RXRα, or all three transcription factors, and then treated further either without (A) or with RA for 1 to 24 h, after which the cells were collected to assay for luciferase activity. HNF4α alone or with RARα/RXRα suppressed the promoter activity of the human RARβ gene in the cells treated without RA (A), but upregulated the promoter when the cells were treated with RA following transfection (B). HNF4α regulates the promoter of the mouse RARβ gene in HepG2 cells (C). It suppresses the promoter activity of the mouse gene (empty bars in C) in HepG2 cells treated with the vehicle, but it increases the promoter activity in the cells treated with RA (black bar in C).
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1) Product Images from "Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α (HNF4α) Plays a Controlling Role in Expression of the Retinoic Acid Receptor β ( RARβ ) Gene in Hepatocytes."

Article Title: Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α (HNF4α) Plays a Controlling Role in Expression of the Retinoic Acid Receptor β ( RARβ ) Gene in Hepatocytes.

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

doi: 10.3390/ijms24108608

Figure 2. HNF4α regulates the promoter of the RARβ gene in HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells in 24-well plates were co-transfected for 24 h with a fragment of the human RARβ promoter expanding from −1.7 kbp from transcription start site to +0.217 kpb, as the full length promoter construct, in pGL3- basic-luc vector together with pRLTK plasmid containing Renilla-luc, as the control, and with either human HNF4α, RARα/RXRα, or all three transcription factors, and then treated further either without (A) or with RA for 1 to 24 h, after which the cells were collected to assay for luciferase activity. HNF4α alone or with RARα/RXRα suppressed the promoter activity of the human RARβ gene in the cells treated without RA (A), but upregulated the promoter when the cells were treated with RA following transfection (B). HNF4α regulates the promoter of the mouse RARβ gene in HepG2 cells (C). It suppresses the promoter activity of the mouse gene (empty bars in C) in HepG2 cells treated with the vehicle, but it increases the promoter activity in the cells treated with RA (black bar in C).
Figure Legend Snippet: Figure 2. HNF4α regulates the promoter of the RARβ gene in HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells in 24-well plates were co-transfected for 24 h with a fragment of the human RARβ promoter expanding from −1.7 kbp from transcription start site to +0.217 kpb, as the full length promoter construct, in pGL3- basic-luc vector together with pRLTK plasmid containing Renilla-luc, as the control, and with either human HNF4α, RARα/RXRα, or all three transcription factors, and then treated further either without (A) or with RA for 1 to 24 h, after which the cells were collected to assay for luciferase activity. HNF4α alone or with RARα/RXRα suppressed the promoter activity of the human RARβ gene in the cells treated without RA (A), but upregulated the promoter when the cells were treated with RA following transfection (B). HNF4α regulates the promoter of the mouse RARβ gene in HepG2 cells (C). It suppresses the promoter activity of the mouse gene (empty bars in C) in HepG2 cells treated with the vehicle, but it increases the promoter activity in the cells treated with RA (black bar in C).

Techniques Used: Transfection, Construct, Plasmid Preparation, Control, Luciferase, Activity Assay

Figure 6. Mutation of the critical residues present in the ligand binding domain of human HNF4α suppresses transcription activation of the promoters of human APOC3 and CYP2C9 genes. HepG2 cells were co-transfected with either the pGL3-b-hApoC3 (A–C) or pGL3-b-hCYP2C9 (D–F) promoter construct together with either hHNF4α, RARα/RXRα, or all three transcription factors, and then treated with either vehicle or 1 µM RA for 24 h, after which the cells were assayed for their luciferase activity. The effects of the individual mutant residues in the ligand binding domain of the human HNF4α compared with WT HNF4α on the promoter activity of APOC3 (B) or CYP2C9 (E) in HepG2 cells treated with either vehicle or 1 µM RA for 24 h. The endogenous HNF4α transcriptional activity toward APOC3 (C) and CYP2C9 (F) promoters was assessed in HepG2 cells with or without the addition of human HNF4α mutants. Data from each bar represent the mean of n = 3 wells ± SD. HNF4α mutant #’s are as follows: (1) S190K, (2) 191MK, (3) R221G, (4) L228K, (5) L229K, (6) R235G, (7) I347K, and (8) I355K.
Figure Legend Snippet: Figure 6. Mutation of the critical residues present in the ligand binding domain of human HNF4α suppresses transcription activation of the promoters of human APOC3 and CYP2C9 genes. HepG2 cells were co-transfected with either the pGL3-b-hApoC3 (A–C) or pGL3-b-hCYP2C9 (D–F) promoter construct together with either hHNF4α, RARα/RXRα, or all three transcription factors, and then treated with either vehicle or 1 µM RA for 24 h, after which the cells were assayed for their luciferase activity. The effects of the individual mutant residues in the ligand binding domain of the human HNF4α compared with WT HNF4α on the promoter activity of APOC3 (B) or CYP2C9 (E) in HepG2 cells treated with either vehicle or 1 µM RA for 24 h. The endogenous HNF4α transcriptional activity toward APOC3 (C) and CYP2C9 (F) promoters was assessed in HepG2 cells with or without the addition of human HNF4α mutants. Data from each bar represent the mean of n = 3 wells ± SD. HNF4α mutant #’s are as follows: (1) S190K, (2) 191MK, (3) R221G, (4) L228K, (5) L229K, (6) R235G, (7) I347K, and (8) I355K.

Techniques Used: Mutagenesis, Ligand Binding Assay, Activation Assay, Transfection, Construct, Luciferase, Activity Assay

Figure 7. Mutation of the critical amino acid residues present in the ligand binding domain of human HNF4α suppresses transcription activation of the promoters of human CYP26A1 and RARβ genes in HepG2 cells treated with RA. HepG2 cells grown in 24-well plates were co-transfected with either pGL3-b-hCYP26A1 (A) or pGL3-b-hRARβ (B) promoters, each with pRLTK as the control, together with either wildtype (WT) HNF4α or its individual mutants (Mutant # 1 to 8), and then treated with either vehicle or 1 µM RA for 24 h, after which the cells were assayed for luciferase activity. Data from each bar represent the mean of n = 3 wells ± SD. HNF4α mutant #’s are as follows: (1) S190K, (2) 191MK, (3) R221G, (4) L228K, (5) L229K, (6) R235G, (7) I347K, and (8) I355K.
Figure Legend Snippet: Figure 7. Mutation of the critical amino acid residues present in the ligand binding domain of human HNF4α suppresses transcription activation of the promoters of human CYP26A1 and RARβ genes in HepG2 cells treated with RA. HepG2 cells grown in 24-well plates were co-transfected with either pGL3-b-hCYP26A1 (A) or pGL3-b-hRARβ (B) promoters, each with pRLTK as the control, together with either wildtype (WT) HNF4α or its individual mutants (Mutant # 1 to 8), and then treated with either vehicle or 1 µM RA for 24 h, after which the cells were assayed for luciferase activity. Data from each bar represent the mean of n = 3 wells ± SD. HNF4α mutant #’s are as follows: (1) S190K, (2) 191MK, (3) R221G, (4) L228K, (5) L229K, (6) R235G, (7) I347K, and (8) I355K.

Techniques Used: Mutagenesis, Ligand Binding Assay, Activation Assay, Transfection, Control, Luciferase, Activity Assay

Related Articles

Luciferase:

Article Title: Single Cell Multimodal Analyses Reveal Epigenomic and Transcriptomic Basis for Birth Defects in Maternal Diabetes
Article Snippet: Luciferase assays were conducted 8 hours after stimulation using a dual luciferase kit (Dual-Luciferase ® Reporter Assay System, Promega) according to manufacturer’s protocol. .. Luciferase activity was measured in SpectraMax MiniMax 300 imaging cytometer with SoftMax Pro6, Version 6.4 (Molecular Devices). pGL3-Basic-hCYP26A1-FL-luciferase (Addgene, #135566) 52 was used as a positive control in the assay system. ..

Article Title: Transcriptional Inhibition of MicroRNA miR-122 by Small Molecules Reduces Hepatitis C Virus Replication in Liver Cells.
Article Snippet: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules of 22−24 nucleotides that are estimated to regulate thousands of genes in humans, and their dysregulation has been implicated in many diseases.. MicroRNA-122 (miR-122) is the most abundant miRNA in the liver and has been linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.. Its role in these diseases renders miR-122 a potential target for small-molecule therapeutics.

Activity Assay:

Article Title: Single Cell Multimodal Analyses Reveal Epigenomic and Transcriptomic Basis for Birth Defects in Maternal Diabetes
Article Snippet: Luciferase assays were conducted 8 hours after stimulation using a dual luciferase kit (Dual-Luciferase ® Reporter Assay System, Promega) according to manufacturer’s protocol. .. Luciferase activity was measured in SpectraMax MiniMax 300 imaging cytometer with SoftMax Pro6, Version 6.4 (Molecular Devices). pGL3-Basic-hCYP26A1-FL-luciferase (Addgene, #135566) 52 was used as a positive control in the assay system. ..

Article Title: Single Cell Multimodal Analyses Reveal Epigenomic and Transcriptomic Basis for Birth Defects in Maternal Diabetes
Article Snippet: Luciferase assays were conducted 8 hours after stimulation using a dual luciferase kit (Dual-Luciferase® Reporter Assay System, Promega) according to manufacturer’s protocol. .. Luciferase activity was measured in SpectraMax MiniMax 300 imaging cytometer with SoftMax Pro6, Version 6.4 (Molecular Devices). pGL3-Basic-hCYP26A1-FL-luciferase (Addgene, #135566) was used as a positive control in the assay system. ..

Imaging:

Article Title: Single Cell Multimodal Analyses Reveal Epigenomic and Transcriptomic Basis for Birth Defects in Maternal Diabetes
Article Snippet: Luciferase assays were conducted 8 hours after stimulation using a dual luciferase kit (Dual-Luciferase ® Reporter Assay System, Promega) according to manufacturer’s protocol. .. Luciferase activity was measured in SpectraMax MiniMax 300 imaging cytometer with SoftMax Pro6, Version 6.4 (Molecular Devices). pGL3-Basic-hCYP26A1-FL-luciferase (Addgene, #135566) 52 was used as a positive control in the assay system. ..

Article Title: Single Cell Multimodal Analyses Reveal Epigenomic and Transcriptomic Basis for Birth Defects in Maternal Diabetes
Article Snippet: Luciferase assays were conducted 8 hours after stimulation using a dual luciferase kit (Dual-Luciferase® Reporter Assay System, Promega) according to manufacturer’s protocol. .. Luciferase activity was measured in SpectraMax MiniMax 300 imaging cytometer with SoftMax Pro6, Version 6.4 (Molecular Devices). pGL3-Basic-hCYP26A1-FL-luciferase (Addgene, #135566) was used as a positive control in the assay system. ..

Cytometry:

Article Title: Single Cell Multimodal Analyses Reveal Epigenomic and Transcriptomic Basis for Birth Defects in Maternal Diabetes
Article Snippet: Luciferase assays were conducted 8 hours after stimulation using a dual luciferase kit (Dual-Luciferase ® Reporter Assay System, Promega) according to manufacturer’s protocol. .. Luciferase activity was measured in SpectraMax MiniMax 300 imaging cytometer with SoftMax Pro6, Version 6.4 (Molecular Devices). pGL3-Basic-hCYP26A1-FL-luciferase (Addgene, #135566) 52 was used as a positive control in the assay system. ..

Article Title: Single Cell Multimodal Analyses Reveal Epigenomic and Transcriptomic Basis for Birth Defects in Maternal Diabetes
Article Snippet: Luciferase assays were conducted 8 hours after stimulation using a dual luciferase kit (Dual-Luciferase® Reporter Assay System, Promega) according to manufacturer’s protocol. .. Luciferase activity was measured in SpectraMax MiniMax 300 imaging cytometer with SoftMax Pro6, Version 6.4 (Molecular Devices). pGL3-Basic-hCYP26A1-FL-luciferase (Addgene, #135566) was used as a positive control in the assay system. ..

Positive Control:

Article Title: Single Cell Multimodal Analyses Reveal Epigenomic and Transcriptomic Basis for Birth Defects in Maternal Diabetes
Article Snippet: Luciferase assays were conducted 8 hours after stimulation using a dual luciferase kit (Dual-Luciferase ® Reporter Assay System, Promega) according to manufacturer’s protocol. .. Luciferase activity was measured in SpectraMax MiniMax 300 imaging cytometer with SoftMax Pro6, Version 6.4 (Molecular Devices). pGL3-Basic-hCYP26A1-FL-luciferase (Addgene, #135566) 52 was used as a positive control in the assay system. ..

Article Title: Single Cell Multimodal Analyses Reveal Epigenomic and Transcriptomic Basis for Birth Defects in Maternal Diabetes
Article Snippet: Luciferase assays were conducted 8 hours after stimulation using a dual luciferase kit (Dual-Luciferase® Reporter Assay System, Promega) according to manufacturer’s protocol. .. Luciferase activity was measured in SpectraMax MiniMax 300 imaging cytometer with SoftMax Pro6, Version 6.4 (Molecular Devices). pGL3-Basic-hCYP26A1-FL-luciferase (Addgene, #135566) was used as a positive control in the assay system. ..

Plasmid Preparation:

Article Title: Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α (HNF4α) Plays a Controlling Role in Expression of the Retinoic Acid Receptor β ( RARβ ) Gene in Hepatocytes.
Article Snippet: .. Construction of the plasmid vectors including pGL3-Basic-hCYP26A1-E4-luc (submitted to addgene.org), pGL3-Basic-hRARβp-luc (human RARβ2 promoter), pGL3-BasichCYP2C9p-luc, pcDNNA3.1-hRARα.hRXRα (submitted to addgene.org), and pcDNA3.1hHNF4α were reported previously [18,20,33,34,43]. ..

Article Title: Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α (HNF4α) Plays a Controlling Role in Expression of the Retinoic Acid Receptor β ( RARβ ) Gene in Hepatocytes
Article Snippet: .. Construction of the plasmid vectors including p GL3-Basic-hCYP26A1-E4-luc (submitted to addgene.org), p GL3-Basic-hRARβp-luc (human RARβ2 promoter), p GL3-Basic-hCYP2C9p-luc, p cDNNA3.1-hRARα.hRXRα (submitted to addgene.org), and p cDNA3.1-hHNF4α were reported previously [ , , , , ]. ..

Incubation:

Article Title: Transcriptional Inhibition of MicroRNA miR-122 by Small Molecules Reduces Hepatitis C Virus Replication in Liver Cells.
Article Snippet: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules of 22−24 nucleotides that are estimated to regulate thousands of genes in humans, and their dysregulation has been implicated in many diseases.. MicroRNA-122 (miR-122) is the most abundant miRNA in the liver and has been linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.. Its role in these diseases renders miR-122 a potential target for small-molecule therapeutics.

Transfection:

Article Title: Transcriptional Inhibition of MicroRNA miR-122 by Small Molecules Reduces Hepatitis C Virus Replication in Liver Cells.
Article Snippet: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules of 22−24 nucleotides that are estimated to regulate thousands of genes in humans, and their dysregulation has been implicated in many diseases.. MicroRNA-122 (miR-122) is the most abundant miRNA in the liver and has been linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.. Its role in these diseases renders miR-122 a potential target for small-molecule therapeutics.

Expressing:

Article Title: Transcriptional Inhibition of MicroRNA miR-122 by Small Molecules Reduces Hepatitis C Virus Replication in Liver Cells.
Article Snippet: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules of 22−24 nucleotides that are estimated to regulate thousands of genes in humans, and their dysregulation has been implicated in many diseases.. MicroRNA-122 (miR-122) is the most abundant miRNA in the liver and has been linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.. Its role in these diseases renders miR-122 a potential target for small-molecule therapeutics.

Control:

Article Title: Transcriptional Inhibition of MicroRNA miR-122 by Small Molecules Reduces Hepatitis C Virus Replication in Liver Cells.
Article Snippet: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules of 22−24 nucleotides that are estimated to regulate thousands of genes in humans, and their dysregulation has been implicated in many diseases.. MicroRNA-122 (miR-122) is the most abundant miRNA in the liver and has been linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.. Its role in these diseases renders miR-122 a potential target for small-molecule therapeutics.

Concentration Assay:

Article Title: Transcriptional Inhibition of MicroRNA miR-122 by Small Molecules Reduces Hepatitis C Virus Replication in Liver Cells.
Article Snippet: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules of 22−24 nucleotides that are estimated to regulate thousands of genes in humans, and their dysregulation has been implicated in many diseases.. MicroRNA-122 (miR-122) is the most abundant miRNA in the liver and has been linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.. Its role in these diseases renders miR-122 a potential target for small-molecule therapeutics.



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The (−2436/+149) region of the PAK3 promoter, containing several putative cJun/AP- binding sites, was cloned into the pGL 3 -Basic reporter vector. A: Luciferase promoter reporter assays performed in control cells, Rat1a-GFP, and Rat1a-J4 cells transiently transfected with empty vector, pGL 3 -Basic, and PAK3 promoter construct containing vector, pGL 3 -Basic-pPAK3 (−2436/+149). Cells were grown in the absence and presence of doxycycline. B: Luciferase promoter reporter assays performed in the parental rat fibroblast cell line, Rat1a, transfected with either pCMV-cJun or empty pCMV vector with the PAK3 promoter construct containing vector, pGL 3 -Basic-pPAK3 (−2436/+149). A plasmid containing four AP-1 binding sites, 4 X AP-1-Luc, was used as a control showing cJun activation. C: Luciferase reporter promoter assays for deletion constructs of the PAK3 promoter region (−2436/+149), (−2329/+149), (−684/+149) and (−179/+149) as well as a (−179/+149) with a mutated cJun/AP-1 binding site at position (+52/+60), in the presence and absence of doxycycline-induced cJun/AP-1 expression. D: Luciferase reporter assays, using the (−179/+149) PAK3 promoter construct, showing the effect of transient cJun inhibition on PAK3 promoter activity in the absence and presence of doxycycline induced cJun/AP-1 over-expression. Results show the mean±S.E. of experiments performed in triplicate and repeated at least three times. (*p≤0.05 and **p≤0.01).

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: p21-Activated Kinase 3 (PAK3) Is an AP-1 Regulated Gene Contributing to Actin Organisation and Migration of Transformed Fibroblasts

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066892

Figure Lengend Snippet: The (−2436/+149) region of the PAK3 promoter, containing several putative cJun/AP- binding sites, was cloned into the pGL 3 -Basic reporter vector. A: Luciferase promoter reporter assays performed in control cells, Rat1a-GFP, and Rat1a-J4 cells transiently transfected with empty vector, pGL 3 -Basic, and PAK3 promoter construct containing vector, pGL 3 -Basic-pPAK3 (−2436/+149). Cells were grown in the absence and presence of doxycycline. B: Luciferase promoter reporter assays performed in the parental rat fibroblast cell line, Rat1a, transfected with either pCMV-cJun or empty pCMV vector with the PAK3 promoter construct containing vector, pGL 3 -Basic-pPAK3 (−2436/+149). A plasmid containing four AP-1 binding sites, 4 X AP-1-Luc, was used as a control showing cJun activation. C: Luciferase reporter promoter assays for deletion constructs of the PAK3 promoter region (−2436/+149), (−2329/+149), (−684/+149) and (−179/+149) as well as a (−179/+149) with a mutated cJun/AP-1 binding site at position (+52/+60), in the presence and absence of doxycycline-induced cJun/AP-1 expression. D: Luciferase reporter assays, using the (−179/+149) PAK3 promoter construct, showing the effect of transient cJun inhibition on PAK3 promoter activity in the absence and presence of doxycycline induced cJun/AP-1 over-expression. Results show the mean±S.E. of experiments performed in triplicate and repeated at least three times. (*p≤0.05 and **p≤0.01).

Article Snippet: PCR using high fidelity Expand Plus DNA Polymerase (Roche) was performed on rat genomic DNA, the products were sub-cloned into the pGEM-T Easy vector (Promega) and excised for cloning into the luciferase reported vector, pGL 3 -Basic (Promega) using Mlu1 and Xho1 restriction enzymes.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Clone Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Luciferase, Transfection, Construct, Activation Assay, Expressing, Inhibition, Activity Assay, Over Expression