nmda  (Tocris)

Journal: Methods and Protocols

Article Title: Comparison of the Utility of Amplitude–Spectral and Coherence Features of Psychotropic Drugs’ Action on ECoG Signal for Pharmaco-EEG Based Drug Screening in Rats

doi: 10.3390/mps9050123

Figure Lengend Snippet: Heat maps of median changes in coherence for δ, θ, α, and β frequency bands across lead pairs after administration of saline (NaCl), caffeine (CAF), sulpiride (SLP), haloperidol (HAL), dizocilpine (DIZ), galantamine (GAL), tropicamide (TRO), hydroxyzine (HXZ), aminophenylbutyric acid (PHB), phenazepam (PHE), atipamezole (ATI), dexmedetomidine (DEX), and 5-ethyl-5-phenyl-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione (PhBT). Initial data were differences between mean frequency band coherence ~20 min after administration and values before administration (~30 min of baseline recording). For each group, 6–10 recordings were made.

Article Snippet: The training set, against which test-set pharmacological effects were classified, comprised previously published matrices of drug effects [ , , , , ]: the NMDA antagonist dizocilpine (Targetmol Chemicals Inc., Wellesley Hills, MA, USA); D2/D3 dopamine antagonists haloperidol (OOO Velpharm, Russia) and sulpiride (AO Organica, Novokuznetsk, Russia); the M-anticholinergic tropicamide (Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, UK); the H1/5-HT2A receptor blocker hydroxyzine (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Taufkirchen, Germany); the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galantamine (Sopharma AD, Sofia, Bulgaria); the α2-adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine (Orion Corporation, Espoo, Finland); and GABA-mimetics aminophenylbutyric acid (phenibut) (Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, UK) and bromdihydrochlorophenylbenzodiazepine (phenazepam) (AO Novosibkhimpharm, Novosibirsk, Russia) ( C).

Techniques: Saline

Journal: Biosensors

Article Title: Electrochemical Detection of Neuronal Injury in Cell Culture Samples: A Cost-Effective Biosensor for Neurofilament Light Sensing

doi: 10.3390/bios16040212

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) A brightfield (BF) image of the neuronal culture on day 7, showing established cellular density and neurite outgrowth. Scale bar = 100 μm. ( B ) Immunofluorescence images of the culture at the same time point. From left to right: NfL (green) highlighting axonal structures; DAPI (blue) indicating nuclear localisation; and a merged overlay. Scale bar = 100 μm. ( C ) NfL concentration in the samples, collected at various time points (10 min, 60 min, 24 h) following drug administration, measured by ELISA. Cells were treated with staurosporine (100k cells per well) or NMDA (100k, 150k, 250k cells per well). Data are represented as the mean. All points beyond 400 pg mL −1 of NfL are estimated. ( D ) Tukey’s box plots of the S norm obtained by CV (red, left y -axis), EIS (orange), and CA (blue; both on the right y -axis) for blanks in two matrices—PBS and BP—and three groups of cell culture samples (at low, medium, and high concentration) in BP; separated data points were considered outliers.

Article Snippet: N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) was obtained from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Concentration Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Cell Culture