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mpfc pyramidal neurons  (Nikon)


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    Structured Review

    Nikon mpfc pyramidal neurons
    Mpfc Pyramidal Neurons, supplied by Nikon, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 59597 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/mpfc/Objectives/pm41672997-142-1-12
    Average 99 stars, based on 59597 article reviews
    mpfc pyramidal neurons - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    99/100 stars

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    Related Articles

    Microscopy:

    Article Title: Dynamic velocity response of E. coli powered by proteorhodopsin
    Article Snippet: .. Cells are observed using a custom-made dark-field microscope equipped with a monochrome camera (Basler avA1000-100gm Nikon, 5.5 μ m pixel size) and a Nikon Plan Fluor 20× ( f o = 10 mm, NA = 0.5) objective. ..

    Article Title: Changes in nuclear and actin mechanics from G1 to G2 affect nuclear integrity
    Article Snippet: .. Imaging of cell confinement experiments was performed on a Nikon Ti2 inverted widefield microscope using a Plan Apochromat Lambda 20× air objective NA 0.75 (Nikon) with a Prime BSI-Express camera (Photometrics). .. Nikon Elements software was used for analysis, exported to Excel or Origin, and statistical significance was determined using an unpaired two-tailed Student's t -test (* P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.001).

    Article Title: Polyplex of peptide-mannan and RNA for intranasal delivery of TGF-β siRNA in treatment of pulmonary fibrosis
    Article Snippet: .. Total-internal-reflectance fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy was used to perform imaging in the highly inclined and laminated optical sheet (HILO) mode using ND acquisition in Nikon NIS-Elements Advanced Research software (Version: 5.42.06) on an inverted Nikon Ti2E microscope equipped with a 100x/1.49 oil-immersion objective (CFI Apochromat TIRF 100XC). ..

    Imaging:

    Article Title: Changes in nuclear and actin mechanics from G1 to G2 affect nuclear integrity
    Article Snippet: .. Imaging of cell confinement experiments was performed on a Nikon Ti2 inverted widefield microscope using a Plan Apochromat Lambda 20× air objective NA 0.75 (Nikon) with a Prime BSI-Express camera (Photometrics). .. Nikon Elements software was used for analysis, exported to Excel or Origin, and statistical significance was determined using an unpaired two-tailed Student's t -test (* P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.001).

    Article Title: Paclitaxel compromises nuclear integrity in interphase through SUN2-mediated cytoskeletal coupling
    Article Snippet: .. Immunofluorescence imaging was performed using NIS-Elements software and a Nikon X1 Spinning Disk inverted microscope equipped with a 40× objective lens [oil immersion, numerical aperture (NA) 1.3] and an sCMOS camera. ..

    Article Title: Polyplex of peptide-mannan and RNA for intranasal delivery of TGF-β siRNA in treatment of pulmonary fibrosis
    Article Snippet: .. Total-internal-reflectance fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy was used to perform imaging in the highly inclined and laminated optical sheet (HILO) mode using ND acquisition in Nikon NIS-Elements Advanced Research software (Version: 5.42.06) on an inverted Nikon Ti2E microscope equipped with a 100x/1.49 oil-immersion objective (CFI Apochromat TIRF 100XC). ..

    Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy:

    Article Title: Inactivation of Cysteine Synthase CysK-A enhances flocculation, biofilm formation, and sensitivity to oxidative stress in Azospirillum brasilense Sp7
    Article Snippet: .. Confocal images were acquired using a Nikon C2+ CLSM (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) equipped with a CFI Plan Apo Lambda 20 × objective and two helium–neon lasers for the excitation of the mCherry fluorophore at wavelengths of 540 nm and 650 nm and an argon laser for the excitation of radish autofluorescence at 488 nm. ..

    Immunofluorescence:

    Article Title: Paclitaxel compromises nuclear integrity in interphase through SUN2-mediated cytoskeletal coupling
    Article Snippet: .. Immunofluorescence imaging was performed using NIS-Elements software and a Nikon X1 Spinning Disk inverted microscope equipped with a 40× objective lens [oil immersion, numerical aperture (NA) 1.3] and an sCMOS camera. ..

    Software:

    Article Title: Paclitaxel compromises nuclear integrity in interphase through SUN2-mediated cytoskeletal coupling
    Article Snippet: .. Immunofluorescence imaging was performed using NIS-Elements software and a Nikon X1 Spinning Disk inverted microscope equipped with a 40× objective lens [oil immersion, numerical aperture (NA) 1.3] and an sCMOS camera. ..

    Article Title: Polyplex of peptide-mannan and RNA for intranasal delivery of TGF-β siRNA in treatment of pulmonary fibrosis
    Article Snippet: .. Total-internal-reflectance fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy was used to perform imaging in the highly inclined and laminated optical sheet (HILO) mode using ND acquisition in Nikon NIS-Elements Advanced Research software (Version: 5.42.06) on an inverted Nikon Ti2E microscope equipped with a 100x/1.49 oil-immersion objective (CFI Apochromat TIRF 100XC). ..

    Inverted Microscopy:

    Article Title: Paclitaxel compromises nuclear integrity in interphase through SUN2-mediated cytoskeletal coupling
    Article Snippet: .. Immunofluorescence imaging was performed using NIS-Elements software and a Nikon X1 Spinning Disk inverted microscope equipped with a 40× objective lens [oil immersion, numerical aperture (NA) 1.3] and an sCMOS camera. ..

    other:

    Article Title: Investigating Candida species and associated bacteria from vaginal swabs and smears of symptomatic and asymptomatic adult women: A cross-sectional study
    Article Snippet: The smear was analyzed using a light microscope at 10×, 20×, 40×, and 100× oil immersion objective (Nikon ECLIPSE Ci, Nikon Instruments Inc. 1300 Walt 87 Whitman Road Melville, NY, USA).

    Fluorescence:

    Article Title: Polyplex of peptide-mannan and RNA for intranasal delivery of TGF-β siRNA in treatment of pulmonary fibrosis
    Article Snippet: .. Total-internal-reflectance fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy was used to perform imaging in the highly inclined and laminated optical sheet (HILO) mode using ND acquisition in Nikon NIS-Elements Advanced Research software (Version: 5.42.06) on an inverted Nikon Ti2E microscope equipped with a 100x/1.49 oil-immersion objective (CFI Apochromat TIRF 100XC). ..



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    a. Schematic coronal brain section indicating the <t>mPFC</t> prelimbic region in dark grey, where tdTomato + parvalbumin (PV) cells <t>and</t> <t>pyramidal</t> (PYR) cells were recorded in APP/PS1 PV-Cre tdTomato (APP/PS1) and PV-Cre tdTomato (control) mice. Representative differential interference contrast images (left) and a corresponding fluorescent image (right). fmi= forceps minor of the corpus callosum. ML= midline. Recordings were performed in 16 ( b-i ) and 20 ( j-q ) week-old mice. b . Resting membrane potential was unaltered in PV cells at 16 weeks of age. Mann-Whitney test: U = 433, p = 0.98, n = 29/30 cells, N = 4 mice/genotype. Ctr= control. c . Action potential (AP) firing of PV cells upon a depolarizing current step (250 pA). d. AP frequency in PV cells in response to 0-425 pA depolarizing current steps did not differ between genotypes. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA genotype x current F (10,390) = 0.44, p = 0.93, n = 29/30 cells, N = 4 mice/genotype. e. Rheobase was unchanged in PV cells. Unpaired t-test: t 57 = 0.08, p = 0.93, n = 29/30 cells, N = 4 mice/genotype. Ctr= control. f . Resting membrane potential of PYR cells did not differ between genotypes. Unpaired t-test: t 36 = 0.51, p = 0.61, n = 17/21 cells from N = 4/6 control vs. APP/PS1 mice, respectively. Ctr= control. g. AP firing of PYR cells upon a depolarizing current step (250 pA). h. AP frequency in PYR cells in response to 0-250 pA depolarizing current steps did not differ between genotypes. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA genotype x current F (10,370) = 0.25, p = 0.99, n = 17/21 from N = 4/6 control vs. APP/PS1 mice, respectively. i. APP/PS1 mice show a lower rheobase in PYR cells. Mann-Whitney test: U = 111, * p = 0.048, n = 17/21 cells from N = 4/6 control vs. APP/PS1 mice, respectively. Ctr= control. j . Resting membrane potential was unaltered in PV cells at 20 weeks of age. Unpaired t-test: t 35 = 0.93, p = 0.36, n = 22/15 cells from N = 6/7 control and APP/PS1 mice, respectively. Ctr= control. k. AP firing of PV cells upon a depolarizing current step (250 pA). l. APP/PS1 mice show an increased AP frequency in PV cells in response to 0-425 pA depolarizing current steps. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA genotype x current F (17,595) = 4.05, * p < 0.0001, n = 22/15 cells, N = 6/7 control and APP/PS1 mice, respectively. m . Rheobase was unchanged in PV cells. Unpaired t-test: t 35 = 1.67, p = 0.10, 22/15 cells, N = 6/7 control and APP/PS1 mice, respectively. Ctr= control. n. Resting membrane potential of PYR cells did not differ between genotypes. Unpaired t-test: t 74 = 0.92, p = 0.36, n = 37/39 cells, N = 9 mice/genotype. Ctr= control. o . AP firing of PYR cells upon a depolarizing current step (250 pA). p . AP frequency in PYR cells in response to 0-250 pA depolarizing current steps did not differ between genotypes. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA genotype x current F (10,740) = 1.80, p = 0.08, n = 37/39 cells, N = 9 mice/genotype. q. APP/PS1 mice show a decrease in PYR cell rheobase. Unpaired t-test: t 74 = 2.34, * p = 0.022, n = 37/39 cells, N = 9 mice/genotype. Ctr= control. Graphs show mean ± s.e.m.
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    a. Schematic coronal brain section indicating the mPFC prelimbic region in dark grey, where tdTomato + parvalbumin (PV) cells and pyramidal (PYR) cells were recorded in APP/PS1 PV-Cre tdTomato (APP/PS1) and PV-Cre tdTomato (control) mice. Representative differential interference contrast images (left) and a corresponding fluorescent image (right). fmi= forceps minor of the corpus callosum. ML= midline. Recordings were performed in 16 ( b-i ) and 20 ( j-q ) week-old mice. b . Resting membrane potential was unaltered in PV cells at 16 weeks of age. Mann-Whitney test: U = 433, p = 0.98, n = 29/30 cells, N = 4 mice/genotype. Ctr= control. c . Action potential (AP) firing of PV cells upon a depolarizing current step (250 pA). d. AP frequency in PV cells in response to 0-425 pA depolarizing current steps did not differ between genotypes. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA genotype x current F (10,390) = 0.44, p = 0.93, n = 29/30 cells, N = 4 mice/genotype. e. Rheobase was unchanged in PV cells. Unpaired t-test: t 57 = 0.08, p = 0.93, n = 29/30 cells, N = 4 mice/genotype. Ctr= control. f . Resting membrane potential of PYR cells did not differ between genotypes. Unpaired t-test: t 36 = 0.51, p = 0.61, n = 17/21 cells from N = 4/6 control vs. APP/PS1 mice, respectively. Ctr= control. g. AP firing of PYR cells upon a depolarizing current step (250 pA). h. AP frequency in PYR cells in response to 0-250 pA depolarizing current steps did not differ between genotypes. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA genotype x current F (10,370) = 0.25, p = 0.99, n = 17/21 from N = 4/6 control vs. APP/PS1 mice, respectively. i. APP/PS1 mice show a lower rheobase in PYR cells. Mann-Whitney test: U = 111, * p = 0.048, n = 17/21 cells from N = 4/6 control vs. APP/PS1 mice, respectively. Ctr= control. j . Resting membrane potential was unaltered in PV cells at 20 weeks of age. Unpaired t-test: t 35 = 0.93, p = 0.36, n = 22/15 cells from N = 6/7 control and APP/PS1 mice, respectively. Ctr= control. k. AP firing of PV cells upon a depolarizing current step (250 pA). l. APP/PS1 mice show an increased AP frequency in PV cells in response to 0-425 pA depolarizing current steps. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA genotype x current F (17,595) = 4.05, * p < 0.0001, n = 22/15 cells, N = 6/7 control and APP/PS1 mice, respectively. m . Rheobase was unchanged in PV cells. Unpaired t-test: t 35 = 1.67, p = 0.10, 22/15 cells, N = 6/7 control and APP/PS1 mice, respectively. Ctr= control. n. Resting membrane potential of PYR cells did not differ between genotypes. Unpaired t-test: t 74 = 0.92, p = 0.36, n = 37/39 cells, N = 9 mice/genotype. Ctr= control. o . AP firing of PYR cells upon a depolarizing current step (250 pA). p . AP frequency in PYR cells in response to 0-250 pA depolarizing current steps did not differ between genotypes. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA genotype x current F (10,740) = 1.80, p = 0.08, n = 37/39 cells, N = 9 mice/genotype. q. APP/PS1 mice show a decrease in PYR cell rheobase. Unpaired t-test: t 74 = 2.34, * p = 0.022, n = 37/39 cells, N = 9 mice/genotype. Ctr= control. Graphs show mean ± s.e.m.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Progressive remote memory decline coincides with parvalbumin interneuron hyperexcitability and enhanced inhibition of cortical engram cells in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

    doi: 10.1101/2025.03.26.645537

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a. Schematic coronal brain section indicating the mPFC prelimbic region in dark grey, where tdTomato + parvalbumin (PV) cells and pyramidal (PYR) cells were recorded in APP/PS1 PV-Cre tdTomato (APP/PS1) and PV-Cre tdTomato (control) mice. Representative differential interference contrast images (left) and a corresponding fluorescent image (right). fmi= forceps minor of the corpus callosum. ML= midline. Recordings were performed in 16 ( b-i ) and 20 ( j-q ) week-old mice. b . Resting membrane potential was unaltered in PV cells at 16 weeks of age. Mann-Whitney test: U = 433, p = 0.98, n = 29/30 cells, N = 4 mice/genotype. Ctr= control. c . Action potential (AP) firing of PV cells upon a depolarizing current step (250 pA). d. AP frequency in PV cells in response to 0-425 pA depolarizing current steps did not differ between genotypes. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA genotype x current F (10,390) = 0.44, p = 0.93, n = 29/30 cells, N = 4 mice/genotype. e. Rheobase was unchanged in PV cells. Unpaired t-test: t 57 = 0.08, p = 0.93, n = 29/30 cells, N = 4 mice/genotype. Ctr= control. f . Resting membrane potential of PYR cells did not differ between genotypes. Unpaired t-test: t 36 = 0.51, p = 0.61, n = 17/21 cells from N = 4/6 control vs. APP/PS1 mice, respectively. Ctr= control. g. AP firing of PYR cells upon a depolarizing current step (250 pA). h. AP frequency in PYR cells in response to 0-250 pA depolarizing current steps did not differ between genotypes. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA genotype x current F (10,370) = 0.25, p = 0.99, n = 17/21 from N = 4/6 control vs. APP/PS1 mice, respectively. i. APP/PS1 mice show a lower rheobase in PYR cells. Mann-Whitney test: U = 111, * p = 0.048, n = 17/21 cells from N = 4/6 control vs. APP/PS1 mice, respectively. Ctr= control. j . Resting membrane potential was unaltered in PV cells at 20 weeks of age. Unpaired t-test: t 35 = 0.93, p = 0.36, n = 22/15 cells from N = 6/7 control and APP/PS1 mice, respectively. Ctr= control. k. AP firing of PV cells upon a depolarizing current step (250 pA). l. APP/PS1 mice show an increased AP frequency in PV cells in response to 0-425 pA depolarizing current steps. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA genotype x current F (17,595) = 4.05, * p < 0.0001, n = 22/15 cells, N = 6/7 control and APP/PS1 mice, respectively. m . Rheobase was unchanged in PV cells. Unpaired t-test: t 35 = 1.67, p = 0.10, 22/15 cells, N = 6/7 control and APP/PS1 mice, respectively. Ctr= control. n. Resting membrane potential of PYR cells did not differ between genotypes. Unpaired t-test: t 74 = 0.92, p = 0.36, n = 37/39 cells, N = 9 mice/genotype. Ctr= control. o . AP firing of PYR cells upon a depolarizing current step (250 pA). p . AP frequency in PYR cells in response to 0-250 pA depolarizing current steps did not differ between genotypes. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA genotype x current F (10,740) = 1.80, p = 0.08, n = 37/39 cells, N = 9 mice/genotype. q. APP/PS1 mice show a decrease in PYR cell rheobase. Unpaired t-test: t 74 = 2.34, * p = 0.022, n = 37/39 cells, N = 9 mice/genotype. Ctr= control. Graphs show mean ± s.e.m.

    Article Snippet: Pyramidal, PV and SST cells were recorded in the mPFC using a Multiclamp 700B amplifier (Molecular devices, Sunnyvale, CA) and sampled at 10 kHz low pass filter at 4 kHz and digitized with Axon Digidata 1440 A (Molecular Devices).

    Techniques: Control, Membrane, MANN-WHITNEY

    SST cell excitability is unaltered in the mPFC of 20-week-old APP/PS1 mice. a. Schematic coronal brain section indicating the mPFC prelimbic region in dark grey, where AAV-hSyn::DIO-mCherry was microinjected and mCherry + SST cells were recorded in APP/PS1 SST-Cre (APP/PS1) and SST-Cre (control) mice. Representative fluorescent image is depicted b. Resting membrane potential was unaltered in SST cells. Unpaired t-test: t 31 = 0.73, p = 0.47, n = 17/16 cells, N = 5/7 control vs. APP/PS1 mice, respectively. c. Action potential (AP) firing of SST cells upon a depolarizing current step (250 pA) d. AP frequency in SST cells in response to 0-250 pA depolarizing current steps did not differ between genotypes. Genotype x current two-way repeated measures ANOVA F (10,310) = 0.23, p = 0.99, n = 17/16 cells, N = 5/7 control vs. APP/PS1 mice. e. Rheobase was unchanged in SST cells Mann-Whitney test: U = 119, p = 0.75, n = 17/16 cells, N = 5/7 control vs. APP/PS1 mice, respectively. Graphs show mean ± s.e.m.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Progressive remote memory decline coincides with parvalbumin interneuron hyperexcitability and enhanced inhibition of cortical engram cells in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

    doi: 10.1101/2025.03.26.645537

    Figure Lengend Snippet: SST cell excitability is unaltered in the mPFC of 20-week-old APP/PS1 mice. a. Schematic coronal brain section indicating the mPFC prelimbic region in dark grey, where AAV-hSyn::DIO-mCherry was microinjected and mCherry + SST cells were recorded in APP/PS1 SST-Cre (APP/PS1) and SST-Cre (control) mice. Representative fluorescent image is depicted b. Resting membrane potential was unaltered in SST cells. Unpaired t-test: t 31 = 0.73, p = 0.47, n = 17/16 cells, N = 5/7 control vs. APP/PS1 mice, respectively. c. Action potential (AP) firing of SST cells upon a depolarizing current step (250 pA) d. AP frequency in SST cells in response to 0-250 pA depolarizing current steps did not differ between genotypes. Genotype x current two-way repeated measures ANOVA F (10,310) = 0.23, p = 0.99, n = 17/16 cells, N = 5/7 control vs. APP/PS1 mice. e. Rheobase was unchanged in SST cells Mann-Whitney test: U = 119, p = 0.75, n = 17/16 cells, N = 5/7 control vs. APP/PS1 mice, respectively. Graphs show mean ± s.e.m.

    Article Snippet: Pyramidal, PV and SST cells were recorded in the mPFC using a Multiclamp 700B amplifier (Molecular devices, Sunnyvale, CA) and sampled at 10 kHz low pass filter at 4 kHz and digitized with Axon Digidata 1440 A (Molecular Devices).

    Techniques: Control, Membrane, MANN-WHITNEY

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Progressive remote memory decline coincides with parvalbumin interneuron hyperexcitability and enhanced inhibition of cortical engram cells in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

    doi: 10.1101/2025.03.26.645537

    Figure Lengend Snippet:

    Article Snippet: Pyramidal, PV and SST cells were recorded in the mPFC using a Multiclamp 700B amplifier (Molecular devices, Sunnyvale, CA) and sampled at 10 kHz low pass filter at 4 kHz and digitized with Axon Digidata 1440 A (Molecular Devices).

    Techniques: Membrane

    a . Coronal brain section indicating the mPFC region (dark grey) where AAV-Fos::CreER T2 and Cre-dependent AAV-hSyn::DIO-mCherry were injected. Mice underwent CFC at 16 weeks old and engram cells were tagged. Thirty days after CFC, mice were re-exposed to the training context and then immediately sacrificed for whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology. b . Left: Representative image showing labeled mCherry + engram cells in the mPFC. Right: recordings were made from mCherry + and mCherry - pyramidal cells. c . Example sIPSC traces of mCherry + and mCherry - for WT control and APP/PS1 mice d . Example sEPSC traces of mCherry + and mCherry - cells for WT and APP/PS1 mice e. Frequency of sIPSCs differed between mCherry + and mCherry - cells in APP/PS1, but not WT, mice. Two-way repeated measure ANOVA genotype x cell-type F (1,43) = 5.44, * p = 0.024. Post-hoc Bonferroni APP/PS1 mCherry + vs. mCherry - * p = 0.011. n = 22 per cell-type from N = 6 WT mice, n = 23 per cell-type from N = 7 APP/PS1 mice. f. sIPSC amplitude did not differ between cell-type and genotype. g. Frequency of sEPSCs was enhanced in mCherry + cells compared to mCherry - cells in both genotypes. Two-way repeated measure ANOVA cell-type F (1,36) = 7.26, * p = 0.011 n = 20 per cell type from N = 6 WT mice, n = 23 per cell-type from N = 7 APP/PS1 mice h. sEPSC amplitude did not differ between cell-type and genotype. Graphs show mean ± s.e.m.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Progressive remote memory decline coincides with parvalbumin interneuron hyperexcitability and enhanced inhibition of cortical engram cells in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

    doi: 10.1101/2025.03.26.645537

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a . Coronal brain section indicating the mPFC region (dark grey) where AAV-Fos::CreER T2 and Cre-dependent AAV-hSyn::DIO-mCherry were injected. Mice underwent CFC at 16 weeks old and engram cells were tagged. Thirty days after CFC, mice were re-exposed to the training context and then immediately sacrificed for whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology. b . Left: Representative image showing labeled mCherry + engram cells in the mPFC. Right: recordings were made from mCherry + and mCherry - pyramidal cells. c . Example sIPSC traces of mCherry + and mCherry - for WT control and APP/PS1 mice d . Example sEPSC traces of mCherry + and mCherry - cells for WT and APP/PS1 mice e. Frequency of sIPSCs differed between mCherry + and mCherry - cells in APP/PS1, but not WT, mice. Two-way repeated measure ANOVA genotype x cell-type F (1,43) = 5.44, * p = 0.024. Post-hoc Bonferroni APP/PS1 mCherry + vs. mCherry - * p = 0.011. n = 22 per cell-type from N = 6 WT mice, n = 23 per cell-type from N = 7 APP/PS1 mice. f. sIPSC amplitude did not differ between cell-type and genotype. g. Frequency of sEPSCs was enhanced in mCherry + cells compared to mCherry - cells in both genotypes. Two-way repeated measure ANOVA cell-type F (1,36) = 7.26, * p = 0.011 n = 20 per cell type from N = 6 WT mice, n = 23 per cell-type from N = 7 APP/PS1 mice h. sEPSC amplitude did not differ between cell-type and genotype. Graphs show mean ± s.e.m.

    Article Snippet: Pyramidal, PV and SST cells were recorded in the mPFC using a Multiclamp 700B amplifier (Molecular devices, Sunnyvale, CA) and sampled at 10 kHz low pass filter at 4 kHz and digitized with Axon Digidata 1440 A (Molecular Devices).

    Techniques: Injection, Patch Clamp, Labeling, Control

    A . UMAP plot showing clustering of Tac2 neurons with other defined cortical cell types. B . Bar graph showing the proportion of excitatory and inhibitory neurons that express Tac2 . C . Bar graph showing the proportion of Tac2 counts in cortical cell types. D-G . Representative images of RNAscope™ fluorescent in situ hybridization. scale bar represents 100μm. Tac2: Tachykinin-2, CRF: corticotropin releasing factor, SOM: somatostatin, PV: parvalbumin, VIP: Vasoactive intestinal peptide. H . Diagram showing prelimbic and infralimbic regions of medial prefrontal cortex with cortical layers. L1-3: layers 1-3, L5: layer 5, L6: layer 6. I . Pie chart showing percent of Tac2 cells expressing CRF (N=6 animals, 3 GH, 3 SI; 2 Male, ∼ 3 sections/animal), SOM (N=4 animals, 2 GH, 2 SI; 1 Male, ∼3 sections/animal), PV (N=6 animals, 3 GH, 3 SI; 4 Male, ∼3 sections/animal), and VIP (N=8 animals (4 GH, 4 SI; 4M). J . Pie chart showing the percent of Tac2 cells in cortical layers. K . Pie chart showing the percent of Tac2 cells that percent VIP in early (L1-3) and deep (L5-6) cortical layers. L . Diagram showing prelimbic and infralimbic regions of medial prefrontal cortex with cortical layers. L1-3: layers 1-3, L5: layer 5, L6: layer 6. M . Representative image showing Tac2 cFos in situ hybridization across the cortical layers. Bar represents 100µm. N . Bar graph showing the percent of Tac2 cells expressing cFos in layers 1-3 (N = 4, 2 SI, 2 GH, 2 Males, ∼ 3 sections/animal); nested t-test p < 0.01. O . Bar graph showing the percent of Tac2 cells expressing cFos in layer 5 (N = 4, 2 SI, 2 GH, 2 Males, ∼3 sections/animal); nested t-test p > 0.05. P . Bar graph showing the percent of Tac2 cells expressing cFos in layer 6 (N = 4, 2 SI, 2 GH, 2 Males, ∼3 sections/animal); nested t-test p > 0.05. Q . Diagram showing viral infusion into infralimbic mPFC. R . Representative image showing Tac2 neuron axons labeled with GFP and the cortical layers. S . Representative image showing Tac2 neuronal terminals (synaptophysin) in red (mRuby). T . Merged image showing axonal arbor (green) and terminals (red) of Tac2 neurons. R-T scale bar represents 100μm. Bars are mean ± SEM ns p > 0.05, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Co-release of opposing signaling molecules from cortical neurons controls the escalation and release of aggression

    doi: 10.1101/2025.03.13.643119

    Figure Lengend Snippet: A . UMAP plot showing clustering of Tac2 neurons with other defined cortical cell types. B . Bar graph showing the proportion of excitatory and inhibitory neurons that express Tac2 . C . Bar graph showing the proportion of Tac2 counts in cortical cell types. D-G . Representative images of RNAscope™ fluorescent in situ hybridization. scale bar represents 100μm. Tac2: Tachykinin-2, CRF: corticotropin releasing factor, SOM: somatostatin, PV: parvalbumin, VIP: Vasoactive intestinal peptide. H . Diagram showing prelimbic and infralimbic regions of medial prefrontal cortex with cortical layers. L1-3: layers 1-3, L5: layer 5, L6: layer 6. I . Pie chart showing percent of Tac2 cells expressing CRF (N=6 animals, 3 GH, 3 SI; 2 Male, ∼ 3 sections/animal), SOM (N=4 animals, 2 GH, 2 SI; 1 Male, ∼3 sections/animal), PV (N=6 animals, 3 GH, 3 SI; 4 Male, ∼3 sections/animal), and VIP (N=8 animals (4 GH, 4 SI; 4M). J . Pie chart showing the percent of Tac2 cells in cortical layers. K . Pie chart showing the percent of Tac2 cells that percent VIP in early (L1-3) and deep (L5-6) cortical layers. L . Diagram showing prelimbic and infralimbic regions of medial prefrontal cortex with cortical layers. L1-3: layers 1-3, L5: layer 5, L6: layer 6. M . Representative image showing Tac2 cFos in situ hybridization across the cortical layers. Bar represents 100µm. N . Bar graph showing the percent of Tac2 cells expressing cFos in layers 1-3 (N = 4, 2 SI, 2 GH, 2 Males, ∼ 3 sections/animal); nested t-test p < 0.01. O . Bar graph showing the percent of Tac2 cells expressing cFos in layer 5 (N = 4, 2 SI, 2 GH, 2 Males, ∼3 sections/animal); nested t-test p > 0.05. P . Bar graph showing the percent of Tac2 cells expressing cFos in layer 6 (N = 4, 2 SI, 2 GH, 2 Males, ∼3 sections/animal); nested t-test p > 0.05. Q . Diagram showing viral infusion into infralimbic mPFC. R . Representative image showing Tac2 neuron axons labeled with GFP and the cortical layers. S . Representative image showing Tac2 neuronal terminals (synaptophysin) in red (mRuby). T . Merged image showing axonal arbor (green) and terminals (red) of Tac2 neurons. R-T scale bar represents 100μm. Bars are mean ± SEM ns p > 0.05, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001

    Article Snippet: Male and female Tac2-IRES-Cre mice 8-10 weeks were single housed and had surgeries performed to infuse a Cre-dependent adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing membrane-GFP and synaptophysin fused to mRuby (AAV2-hSynb-FLEx-mGFP-2A-Synaptophysin-mRuby) infused into the mPFC (Addgene #: 71760-AAV2, titer: 2.7 x 10 GC/mL, lot: v138755).

    Techniques: RNAscope, In Situ Hybridization, Expressing, Labeling