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gαq specific inhibitor gp antagonist 2a (gp2a)  (Millipore)


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    Structured Review

    Millipore gαq specific inhibitor gp antagonist 2a (gp2a)
    Gαq Specific Inhibitor Gp Antagonist 2a (Gp2a), supplied by Millipore, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/gp2a/gp2a/pm34359098-40-0-7
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    gαq specific inhibitor gp antagonist 2a (gp2a) - by Bioz Stars, 2026-11
    90/100 stars

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    Related Articles

    Transfection:

    Article Title: Inhibitors of Gq signalling down-regulate β-catenin expression & function in human colon cancer cells
    Article Snippet: The medium was then replaced by serum-free medium, and one hour later, the cells were transfected with the indicated amounts of the Gαq minigene plasmid or GP antagonist-2A (Calbiochem, Germany).

    Article Title: KISS1R induces invasiveness of estrogen receptor-negative human mammary epithelial and breast cancer cells.
    Article Snippet: Unincorporated [3H]myo-inositol was removed by washing the cells, and then cells were incubated with 10 mM LiCl for 15 min. To inhibit Gq, or Gi/o, cells were pretreated for 1 h with either 10 M GP-2A (Calbiochem), or 1 M P-234 or 100ng/ L pertussis toxin (PTX) ( -Aldrige), respectively, as described (34, 38–41).

    Article Title: Leucine and arginine enhance milk fat and milk protein synthesis via the CaSR/G i /mTORC1 and CaSR/G q /mTORC1 pathways.
    Article Snippet: Background and aims Amino acids (AAs) not only constitute milk protein but also stimulate milk synthesis through the activation of mTORC1 signaling, but which amino acids that have the greatest impact on milk fat and protein synthesis is still very limited.. In this study, we aimed to identify the most critical AAs involved in the regulation of milk synthesis and clarify how these AAs regulate milk synthesis through the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) signaling pathway.. Methods In this study, a mouse mammary epithelial cell line (HC11) and porcine mammary epithelial cells (PMECs) were selected as study subjects.

    Article Title: GnRH Neuron-Specific Ablation of G q/11 Results in Only Partial Inactivation of the Neuroendocrine-Reproductive Axis in Both Male and Female Mice: In Vivo Evidence for Kiss1r-Coupled G q/11-Independent GnRH Secretion
    Article Snippet: G-Protein Antagonist-2A (catalog #371780) was purchased from EMD Millipore.

    Article Title: Mechanisms of IhERG/IKr Modulation by α1-Adrenoceptors in HEK293 Cells and Cardiac Myocytes.
    Article Snippet: GP antagonist 2A (GPant2A); and bisindolylmaleimide 1 (BIS-1) were from Calbiochem.

    Article Title: Sensitivity of olfactory sensory neurons to food cues is tuned to nutritional states by Neuropeptide Y signaling.
    Article Snippet: Gαq specific inhibitor GP antagonist 2A (GP2A) (Millipore, Cat. No. 371780, 2018) was purchased from Millipore.

    Plasmid Preparation:

    Article Title: Inhibitors of Gq signalling down-regulate β-catenin expression & function in human colon cancer cells
    Article Snippet: The medium was then replaced by serum-free medium, and one hour later, the cells were transfected with the indicated amounts of the Gαq minigene plasmid or GP antagonist-2A (Calbiochem, Germany).

    Article Title: KISS1R induces invasiveness of estrogen receptor-negative human mammary epithelial and breast cancer cells.
    Article Snippet: Unincorporated [3H]myo-inositol was removed by washing the cells, and then cells were incubated with 10 mM LiCl for 15 min. To inhibit Gq, or Gi/o, cells were pretreated for 1 h with either 10 M GP-2A (Calbiochem), or 1 M P-234 or 100ng/ L pertussis toxin (PTX) ( -Aldrige), respectively, as described (34, 38–41).

    Article Title: Leucine and arginine enhance milk fat and milk protein synthesis via the CaSR/G i /mTORC1 and CaSR/G q /mTORC1 pathways.
    Article Snippet: Background and aims Amino acids (AAs) not only constitute milk protein but also stimulate milk synthesis through the activation of mTORC1 signaling, but which amino acids that have the greatest impact on milk fat and protein synthesis is still very limited.. In this study, we aimed to identify the most critical AAs involved in the regulation of milk synthesis and clarify how these AAs regulate milk synthesis through the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) signaling pathway.. Methods In this study, a mouse mammary epithelial cell line (HC11) and porcine mammary epithelial cells (PMECs) were selected as study subjects.

    Article Title: GnRH Neuron-Specific Ablation of G q/11 Results in Only Partial Inactivation of the Neuroendocrine-Reproductive Axis in Both Male and Female Mice: In Vivo Evidence for Kiss1r-Coupled G q/11-Independent GnRH Secretion
    Article Snippet: G-Protein Antagonist-2A (catalog #371780) was purchased from EMD Millipore.

    Article Title: Mechanisms of IhERG/IKr Modulation by α1-Adrenoceptors in HEK293 Cells and Cardiac Myocytes.
    Article Snippet: GP antagonist 2A (GPant2A); and bisindolylmaleimide 1 (BIS-1) were from Calbiochem.

    Article Title: Sensitivity of olfactory sensory neurons to food cues is tuned to nutritional states by Neuropeptide Y signaling.
    Article Snippet: Gαq specific inhibitor GP antagonist 2A (GP2A) (Millipore, Cat. No. 371780, 2018) was purchased from Millipore.



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    Image Search Results


    Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of GP2a. Bands positions are indicated in cm −1 .

    Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

    Article Title: Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide GP2a in Gardenia jasminoides and Its Immunomodulatory Effect on Macrophages

    doi: 10.3390/ijms231911279

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of GP2a. Bands positions are indicated in cm −1 .

    Article Snippet: Thereafter, a culture medium with GP2a at various concentrations (7.5–300 µg/mL) was added and incubated for 24, 48, or 72 h. Meanwhile, untreated cells were used as blank control and the cells treated with 2 µg/mL LPS (MedChemExpress) were used as positive control.

    Techniques: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

    Plots of molecular weight distribution ( A ) and molecular conformation ( B ) of GP2a. ( A ) Superimposed chromatograms of GP2a obtained by size exclusion chromatography connected with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index (RI) detectors; the RI trace shows the signals collected by the RI detector; the molar mass trace was fitted by laser light scattering signals and RI signals, indicating molecular weight distribution. ( B ) Log–log plot of r g versus Mw; RMS—root mean square.

    Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

    Article Title: Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide GP2a in Gardenia jasminoides and Its Immunomodulatory Effect on Macrophages

    doi: 10.3390/ijms231911279

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Plots of molecular weight distribution ( A ) and molecular conformation ( B ) of GP2a. ( A ) Superimposed chromatograms of GP2a obtained by size exclusion chromatography connected with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index (RI) detectors; the RI trace shows the signals collected by the RI detector; the molar mass trace was fitted by laser light scattering signals and RI signals, indicating molecular weight distribution. ( B ) Log–log plot of r g versus Mw; RMS—root mean square.

    Article Snippet: Thereafter, a culture medium with GP2a at various concentrations (7.5–300 µg/mL) was added and incubated for 24, 48, or 72 h. Meanwhile, untreated cells were used as blank control and the cells treated with 2 µg/mL LPS (MedChemExpress) were used as positive control.

    Techniques: Molecular Weight, Size-exclusion Chromatography, Refractive Index

    Ion chromatogram of standard monosaccharides ( A ) and GP2a hydrolysate ( B ). Peaks in ( A ): 1 is fucose (Fuc), 2 is arabinose (Ara), 3 is rhamnose (Rha), 4 is galactose (Gal), 5 is glucose (Glc), 6 is xylose (Xyl), 7 is mannose (Man), 8 is fructose (Fru), 9 is ribose (Rib), 10 is galacturonic acid (GalA), 11 is guluronic acid (GulA), 12 is glucuronic acid (GlcA), and 13 is mannuronic acid (ManA). Peaks in ( B ): 1 is Fuc, 2 is Ara, 3 is Rha, 4 is Gal, 5 is Glc, 6 is Xyl, 7 is Man, 8 is GalA, and 9 is GlcA.

    Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

    Article Title: Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide GP2a in Gardenia jasminoides and Its Immunomodulatory Effect on Macrophages

    doi: 10.3390/ijms231911279

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Ion chromatogram of standard monosaccharides ( A ) and GP2a hydrolysate ( B ). Peaks in ( A ): 1 is fucose (Fuc), 2 is arabinose (Ara), 3 is rhamnose (Rha), 4 is galactose (Gal), 5 is glucose (Glc), 6 is xylose (Xyl), 7 is mannose (Man), 8 is fructose (Fru), 9 is ribose (Rib), 10 is galacturonic acid (GalA), 11 is guluronic acid (GulA), 12 is glucuronic acid (GlcA), and 13 is mannuronic acid (ManA). Peaks in ( B ): 1 is Fuc, 2 is Ara, 3 is Rha, 4 is Gal, 5 is Glc, 6 is Xyl, 7 is Man, 8 is GalA, and 9 is GlcA.

    Article Snippet: Thereafter, a culture medium with GP2a at various concentrations (7.5–300 µg/mL) was added and incubated for 24, 48, or 72 h. Meanwhile, untreated cells were used as blank control and the cells treated with 2 µg/mL LPS (MedChemExpress) were used as positive control.

    Techniques:

    Monosaccharide composition of  GP2a.

    Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

    Article Title: Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide GP2a in Gardenia jasminoides and Its Immunomodulatory Effect on Macrophages

    doi: 10.3390/ijms231911279

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Monosaccharide composition of GP2a.

    Article Snippet: Thereafter, a culture medium with GP2a at various concentrations (7.5–300 µg/mL) was added and incubated for 24, 48, or 72 h. Meanwhile, untreated cells were used as blank control and the cells treated with 2 µg/mL LPS (MedChemExpress) were used as positive control.

    Techniques:

    Total ion chromatograms (TIC) of GP2a derivatives. ( A ) H/D, singly deuterated sample, referring to the carboxyl groups prereduced using sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ) and secondary reduced using sodium borodeuteride (NaBD 4 ) after methylation. ( B ) D/D, doubly deuterated sample, referring to the carboxyl groups reduced using NaBD 4 before and after methylation. +EI: electron bombardment ion source.

    Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

    Article Title: Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide GP2a in Gardenia jasminoides and Its Immunomodulatory Effect on Macrophages

    doi: 10.3390/ijms231911279

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Total ion chromatograms (TIC) of GP2a derivatives. ( A ) H/D, singly deuterated sample, referring to the carboxyl groups prereduced using sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ) and secondary reduced using sodium borodeuteride (NaBD 4 ) after methylation. ( B ) D/D, doubly deuterated sample, referring to the carboxyl groups reduced using NaBD 4 before and after methylation. +EI: electron bombardment ion source.

    Article Snippet: Thereafter, a culture medium with GP2a at various concentrations (7.5–300 µg/mL) was added and incubated for 24, 48, or 72 h. Meanwhile, untreated cells were used as blank control and the cells treated with 2 µg/mL LPS (MedChemExpress) were used as positive control.

    Techniques: Methylation

    Methylation analysis result of  GP2a.

    Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

    Article Title: Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide GP2a in Gardenia jasminoides and Its Immunomodulatory Effect on Macrophages

    doi: 10.3390/ijms231911279

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Methylation analysis result of GP2a.

    Article Snippet: Thereafter, a culture medium with GP2a at various concentrations (7.5–300 µg/mL) was added and incubated for 24, 48, or 72 h. Meanwhile, untreated cells were used as blank control and the cells treated with 2 µg/mL LPS (MedChemExpress) were used as positive control.

    Techniques: Methylation, Molecular Weight

    Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of GP2a at ( A ) 100×; ( B ) 250×; ( C ) 500×; ( D ) 1000×.

    Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

    Article Title: Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide GP2a in Gardenia jasminoides and Its Immunomodulatory Effect on Macrophages

    doi: 10.3390/ijms231911279

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of GP2a at ( A ) 100×; ( B ) 250×; ( C ) 500×; ( D ) 1000×.

    Article Snippet: Thereafter, a culture medium with GP2a at various concentrations (7.5–300 µg/mL) was added and incubated for 24, 48, or 72 h. Meanwhile, untreated cells were used as blank control and the cells treated with 2 µg/mL LPS (MedChemExpress) were used as positive control.

    Techniques: Electron Microscopy

    Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of GP2a. ( A ) 1 H-NMR spectrum; ( B ) 13 C-NMR spectrum; ( C ) Heteronuclear single quantum relation (HSQC) spectrum; ( D ) Correlated spectroscopy (COSY) spectrum; ( E ) Heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) spectrum; ( F ) Nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) spectrum.

    Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

    Article Title: Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide GP2a in Gardenia jasminoides and Its Immunomodulatory Effect on Macrophages

    doi: 10.3390/ijms231911279

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of GP2a. ( A ) 1 H-NMR spectrum; ( B ) 13 C-NMR spectrum; ( C ) Heteronuclear single quantum relation (HSQC) spectrum; ( D ) Correlated spectroscopy (COSY) spectrum; ( E ) Heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) spectrum; ( F ) Nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) spectrum.

    Article Snippet: Thereafter, a culture medium with GP2a at various concentrations (7.5–300 µg/mL) was added and incubated for 24, 48, or 72 h. Meanwhile, untreated cells were used as blank control and the cells treated with 2 µg/mL LPS (MedChemExpress) were used as positive control.

    Techniques: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Spectroscopy

    1 H NMR and 13 C NMR chemical shifts of  GP2a  recorded in D 2 O.

    Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

    Article Title: Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide GP2a in Gardenia jasminoides and Its Immunomodulatory Effect on Macrophages

    doi: 10.3390/ijms231911279

    Figure Lengend Snippet: 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR chemical shifts of GP2a recorded in D 2 O.

    Article Snippet: Thereafter, a culture medium with GP2a at various concentrations (7.5–300 µg/mL) was added and incubated for 24, 48, or 72 h. Meanwhile, untreated cells were used as blank control and the cells treated with 2 µg/mL LPS (MedChemExpress) were used as positive control.

    Techniques: Residue

    Possible repeat unit structure of GP2a.

    Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

    Article Title: Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide GP2a in Gardenia jasminoides and Its Immunomodulatory Effect on Macrophages

    doi: 10.3390/ijms231911279

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Possible repeat unit structure of GP2a.

    Article Snippet: Thereafter, a culture medium with GP2a at various concentrations (7.5–300 µg/mL) was added and incubated for 24, 48, or 72 h. Meanwhile, untreated cells were used as blank control and the cells treated with 2 µg/mL LPS (MedChemExpress) were used as positive control.

    Techniques:

    Cell viability of RAW 264.7 cells.

    Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

    Article Title: Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide GP2a in Gardenia jasminoides and Its Immunomodulatory Effect on Macrophages

    doi: 10.3390/ijms231911279

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Cell viability of RAW 264.7 cells.

    Article Snippet: Thereafter, a culture medium with GP2a at various concentrations (7.5–300 µg/mL) was added and incubated for 24, 48, or 72 h. Meanwhile, untreated cells were used as blank control and the cells treated with 2 µg/mL LPS (MedChemExpress) were used as positive control.

    Techniques: Control, Positive Control

    Effects of GP2a on nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells. Untreated cells were used as blank control; Cells treated with different GP2a concentrations (120, 240, and 300 µg/mL) were used as samples; Cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (2 µg/mL) were used as positive control. Letter a represents significant difference compared with the blank control ( p < 0.05, p < 0.01); letter b represents significant difference compared with the positive control ( p < 0.05, p < 0.01).

    Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

    Article Title: Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide GP2a in Gardenia jasminoides and Its Immunomodulatory Effect on Macrophages

    doi: 10.3390/ijms231911279

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of GP2a on nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells. Untreated cells were used as blank control; Cells treated with different GP2a concentrations (120, 240, and 300 µg/mL) were used as samples; Cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (2 µg/mL) were used as positive control. Letter a represents significant difference compared with the blank control ( p < 0.05, p < 0.01); letter b represents significant difference compared with the positive control ( p < 0.05, p < 0.01).

    Article Snippet: Thereafter, a culture medium with GP2a at various concentrations (7.5–300 µg/mL) was added and incubated for 24, 48, or 72 h. Meanwhile, untreated cells were used as blank control and the cells treated with 2 µg/mL LPS (MedChemExpress) were used as positive control.

    Techniques: Control, Positive Control

    Effects of GP2a on cytokine production in RAW 264.7 cells. ELISA detection of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) ( A ), interferon (IFN)-γ ( B ), interleukin (IL)-1β ( C ), IL-6 ( D ), and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) ( E ). Untreated cells were used as blank control; cells treated with different GP2a concentrations (120, 240, and 300 µg/mL) were used as sample; cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (2 µg/mL) were used as positive control. Letter a represents significant difference compared with the blank control ( p < 0.05, p < 0.01); letter b represents significant difference compared with the positive control ( p < 0.05, p < 0.01).

    Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

    Article Title: Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide GP2a in Gardenia jasminoides and Its Immunomodulatory Effect on Macrophages

    doi: 10.3390/ijms231911279

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of GP2a on cytokine production in RAW 264.7 cells. ELISA detection of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) ( A ), interferon (IFN)-γ ( B ), interleukin (IL)-1β ( C ), IL-6 ( D ), and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) ( E ). Untreated cells were used as blank control; cells treated with different GP2a concentrations (120, 240, and 300 µg/mL) were used as sample; cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (2 µg/mL) were used as positive control. Letter a represents significant difference compared with the blank control ( p < 0.05, p < 0.01); letter b represents significant difference compared with the positive control ( p < 0.05, p < 0.01).

    Article Snippet: Thereafter, a culture medium with GP2a at various concentrations (7.5–300 µg/mL) was added and incubated for 24, 48, or 72 h. Meanwhile, untreated cells were used as blank control and the cells treated with 2 µg/mL LPS (MedChemExpress) were used as positive control.

    Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control, Positive Control