Review




Structured Review

Databank Inc ev d68 mo strain vlp
Preparation and characterization of IWV and VLP (A) Schematic representation of the construction of plasmids <t>encoding</t> <t>EV-D68</t> P1 and 3CD. (B) Workflow for the expression and purification of VLP. (C–F) SDS-PAGE analysis of purified IWV and VLP. (C and D) VLP expressed in (C) Expi293F cells and (D) ExpiCHO-S cells purified with sucrose. The Hsp and Hsc identified by mass spectrometry are labeled in red lines. (E) VLP was expressed in ExpiCHO-S cells and further purified using both sucrose and iodixanol (OptiPrep) gradients. (F) IWV was purified by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. (G) IWV and VLP particle size distribution was measured by dynamic light scattering. (H) Representative negative-stain TEM images of IWV and VLP. Scale bars, 100 nm. (I) The thermal stability of the non-inactivated virus, IWV, and VLP was assessed using differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF). Data represent the mean of four independent measurements ( n = 4) for each sample.
Ev D68 Mo Strain Vlp, supplied by Databank Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Images

1) Product Images from "Comparative immunogenic and structural analysis of virus-like particle and inactivated whole-virion vaccines against enterovirus D68"

Article Title: Comparative immunogenic and structural analysis of virus-like particle and inactivated whole-virion vaccines against enterovirus D68

Journal: Molecular Therapy. Nucleic Acids

doi: 10.1016/j.omtn.2026.102957

Preparation and characterization of IWV and VLP (A) Schematic representation of the construction of plasmids encoding EV-D68 P1 and 3CD. (B) Workflow for the expression and purification of VLP. (C–F) SDS-PAGE analysis of purified IWV and VLP. (C and D) VLP expressed in (C) Expi293F cells and (D) ExpiCHO-S cells purified with sucrose. The Hsp and Hsc identified by mass spectrometry are labeled in red lines. (E) VLP was expressed in ExpiCHO-S cells and further purified using both sucrose and iodixanol (OptiPrep) gradients. (F) IWV was purified by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. (G) IWV and VLP particle size distribution was measured by dynamic light scattering. (H) Representative negative-stain TEM images of IWV and VLP. Scale bars, 100 nm. (I) The thermal stability of the non-inactivated virus, IWV, and VLP was assessed using differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF). Data represent the mean of four independent measurements ( n = 4) for each sample.
Figure Legend Snippet: Preparation and characterization of IWV and VLP (A) Schematic representation of the construction of plasmids encoding EV-D68 P1 and 3CD. (B) Workflow for the expression and purification of VLP. (C–F) SDS-PAGE analysis of purified IWV and VLP. (C and D) VLP expressed in (C) Expi293F cells and (D) ExpiCHO-S cells purified with sucrose. The Hsp and Hsc identified by mass spectrometry are labeled in red lines. (E) VLP was expressed in ExpiCHO-S cells and further purified using both sucrose and iodixanol (OptiPrep) gradients. (F) IWV was purified by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. (G) IWV and VLP particle size distribution was measured by dynamic light scattering. (H) Representative negative-stain TEM images of IWV and VLP. Scale bars, 100 nm. (I) The thermal stability of the non-inactivated virus, IWV, and VLP was assessed using differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF). Data represent the mean of four independent measurements ( n = 4) for each sample.

Techniques Used: Expressing, Purification, SDS Page, Mass Spectrometry, Labeling, Staining, Virus

Epitope specificities of IgG induced by IWV and VLP vaccines (A) Localization of neutralizing antigenic sites I–IV and corresponding epitope peptide sequences. Neutralizing antigenic sites I–IV were mapped onto a single icosahedral asymmetric unit of the EV-D68 MO strain capsid, based on the previously reported cryo-EM structure (PDB: 6CSG ). VP1, VP2, and VP3 are shown in gray, pink, and cyan, respectively. Neutralizing antigenic sites I, II, III, and IV are highlighted in yellow, green, blue, and magenta, respectively. The accompanying table lists the sequences of epitope peptides spanning the antigenic sites; residues constituting the neutralizing antigenic sites are indicated in red. Molecular graphics were generated using UCSF ChimeraX v1.9. (B) Plasma IgG levels specific to epitope peptides following boost immunization with either IWV or VLP. (C) Plasma IgG reactivity to mutant VLPs following boost immunization with IWV or wild-type VLP. Then, 1,000-fold diluted plasma samples were used. Details of the mutations in each mutant are summarized in the table on the right. (B–C) n = 5 per group. Data are presented as mean ± SD. (B) Statistical comparisons were performed using 50-fold diluted plasma samples. (B) “ns” indicates not significant. ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001, as determined by Tukey’s test. (C) ∗ p < 0.05 and ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001, as determined by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test.
Figure Legend Snippet: Epitope specificities of IgG induced by IWV and VLP vaccines (A) Localization of neutralizing antigenic sites I–IV and corresponding epitope peptide sequences. Neutralizing antigenic sites I–IV were mapped onto a single icosahedral asymmetric unit of the EV-D68 MO strain capsid, based on the previously reported cryo-EM structure (PDB: 6CSG ). VP1, VP2, and VP3 are shown in gray, pink, and cyan, respectively. Neutralizing antigenic sites I, II, III, and IV are highlighted in yellow, green, blue, and magenta, respectively. The accompanying table lists the sequences of epitope peptides spanning the antigenic sites; residues constituting the neutralizing antigenic sites are indicated in red. Molecular graphics were generated using UCSF ChimeraX v1.9. (B) Plasma IgG levels specific to epitope peptides following boost immunization with either IWV or VLP. (C) Plasma IgG reactivity to mutant VLPs following boost immunization with IWV or wild-type VLP. Then, 1,000-fold diluted plasma samples were used. Details of the mutations in each mutant are summarized in the table on the right. (B–C) n = 5 per group. Data are presented as mean ± SD. (B) Statistical comparisons were performed using 50-fold diluted plasma samples. (B) “ns” indicates not significant. ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001, as determined by Tukey’s test. (C) ∗ p < 0.05 and ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001, as determined by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test.

Techniques Used: Vaccines, Cryo-EM Sample Prep, Generated, Clinical Proteomics, Mutagenesis, Comparison

Cryo-EM structure of EV-D68 MO strain VLP (A) Cryo-EM density maps showing the overall structures of the mature virion (PDB: 6CSG ), empty particle (PDB: 6CRU ), and VLP of the EV-D68 MO strain. A schematic illustration of the viral particle is shown in the left-most. The 5-, 3-, and 2-fold symmetry axes are indicated by a pentagon, triangle, and circle, respectively. (B) Ribbon representations of the mature virion (PDB: 6CSG ), empty particle (PDB: 6CRU ), and VLP structures around the 2-fold axis. The 3-fold and 2-fold axes are denoted by a triangle and circle, respectively. (C) Structural comparison of the icosahedral asymmetric units of the VLP with those of the mature virion (left, PDB: 6CSG ) and the empty particle (middle, PDB: 6CRU ). VP1, VP0, and VP3 of the VLP were superimposed onto the corresponding subunits of the mature virion and the empty particle. Representative structures are shown based on superposition via VP1. All structures are depicted as ribbon models. The table on the right summarizes the number of pruned atom pairs and root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) values for each superposition.
Figure Legend Snippet: Cryo-EM structure of EV-D68 MO strain VLP (A) Cryo-EM density maps showing the overall structures of the mature virion (PDB: 6CSG ), empty particle (PDB: 6CRU ), and VLP of the EV-D68 MO strain. A schematic illustration of the viral particle is shown in the left-most. The 5-, 3-, and 2-fold symmetry axes are indicated by a pentagon, triangle, and circle, respectively. (B) Ribbon representations of the mature virion (PDB: 6CSG ), empty particle (PDB: 6CRU ), and VLP structures around the 2-fold axis. The 3-fold and 2-fold axes are denoted by a triangle and circle, respectively. (C) Structural comparison of the icosahedral asymmetric units of the VLP with those of the mature virion (left, PDB: 6CSG ) and the empty particle (middle, PDB: 6CRU ). VP1, VP0, and VP3 of the VLP were superimposed onto the corresponding subunits of the mature virion and the empty particle. Representative structures are shown based on superposition via VP1. All structures are depicted as ribbon models. The table on the right summarizes the number of pruned atom pairs and root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) values for each superposition.

Techniques Used: Cryo-EM Sample Prep, Comparison

Related Articles

Electron Microscopy:

Article Title: Comparative immunogenic and structural analysis of virus-like particle and inactivated whole-virion vaccines against enterovirus D68
Article Snippet: .. The cryo-EM map of the EV-D68 MO strain VLP has been deposited in the Electron Microscopy DataBank with accession code EMD-65634. .. The cryo-EM map of the EV-D68 MO strain VLP has been deposited in the Electron Microscopy DataBank with accession code EMD-65634.



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(A) Size distribution and concentration profiles across the three different samples by NTA: Colo, EM and MM; (B) Representative FC dot plots demonstrating instrument calibration and population gating strategies utilizing standardized Rosetta Beads; (C) Dimensional gating encompassing a region of 100–200 nm was drawn on a diameter (nm) histogram (FCS files transformed by the Rosetta Calibration system) representing Colo, EM, and <t>MM-EVs;</t> (D) Characterization of EV morphology by TEM (scale bars: 100 nm).
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Image Search Results


(A) Size distribution and concentration profiles across the three different samples by NTA: Colo, EM and MM; (B) Representative FC dot plots demonstrating instrument calibration and population gating strategies utilizing standardized Rosetta Beads; (C) Dimensional gating encompassing a region of 100–200 nm was drawn on a diameter (nm) histogram (FCS files transformed by the Rosetta Calibration system) representing Colo, EM, and MM-EVs; (D) Characterization of EV morphology by TEM (scale bars: 100 nm).

Journal: Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Article Title: Flow cytometric profiling of water buffalo milk EVs: how lactation stage drives phenotypic evolution and macrophage modulation

doi: 10.3389/fvets.2026.1922591

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Size distribution and concentration profiles across the three different samples by NTA: Colo, EM and MM; (B) Representative FC dot plots demonstrating instrument calibration and population gating strategies utilizing standardized Rosetta Beads; (C) Dimensional gating encompassing a region of 100–200 nm was drawn on a diameter (nm) histogram (FCS files transformed by the Rosetta Calibration system) representing Colo, EM, and MM-EVs; (D) Characterization of EV morphology by TEM (scale bars: 100 nm).

Article Snippet: To evaluate the effect of MM-EVs on bacterial interaction, primary buffalo macrophages were pre-treated with or without mEVs before being challenged with FITC-labeled heat-killed E. coli (ATCC 35218).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Transformation Assay, Morphology

Colo-EVs, EM-EVs and MM-EVs exhibit distinct BoMac uptake and reduce basal mitochondrial ROS. (A) Quantitative analysis of cellular uptake after 4 h of incubation in Colo, EM and MM EV-treated cell line. (B) Representative fluorescence microscopy images showing the uptake distribution after 4 h, in detached BoMac cells. Scale bar: 20 μm. (C) Quantitative analysis of cellular uptake after 24 h of incubation in the same cell line. (D) Representative fluorescence microscopy images showing the uptake distribution after 24 h. Scale bar: 20 μm. Data are expressed as mean ± SD of n = 3 independent biological replicates. Statistical significance: **** p < 0.0001.

Journal: Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Article Title: Flow cytometric profiling of water buffalo milk EVs: how lactation stage drives phenotypic evolution and macrophage modulation

doi: 10.3389/fvets.2026.1922591

Figure Lengend Snippet: Colo-EVs, EM-EVs and MM-EVs exhibit distinct BoMac uptake and reduce basal mitochondrial ROS. (A) Quantitative analysis of cellular uptake after 4 h of incubation in Colo, EM and MM EV-treated cell line. (B) Representative fluorescence microscopy images showing the uptake distribution after 4 h, in detached BoMac cells. Scale bar: 20 μm. (C) Quantitative analysis of cellular uptake after 24 h of incubation in the same cell line. (D) Representative fluorescence microscopy images showing the uptake distribution after 24 h. Scale bar: 20 μm. Data are expressed as mean ± SD of n = 3 independent biological replicates. Statistical significance: **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: To evaluate the effect of MM-EVs on bacterial interaction, primary buffalo macrophages were pre-treated with or without mEVs before being challenged with FITC-labeled heat-killed E. coli (ATCC 35218).

Techniques: Analysis, Incubation, Fluorescence, Microscopy

Lysosomes are more successfully reached by MM-EVs than Colo-EVs. (A) Representative CM images: Intracellular uptake of green-fluorescent labeled EVs derived from Colo and MM. Scale bars represent 20 μm; (B) Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis: MM-EVs show a significantly higher Pearson’s coefficient compared to Colo-EVs; (C) Comparative Manders’ co-localization coefficients: M1 represents the fraction of EV signal overlapping with the cell channel. M2 represents the fraction of cell signal overlapping with EVs.

Journal: Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Article Title: Flow cytometric profiling of water buffalo milk EVs: how lactation stage drives phenotypic evolution and macrophage modulation

doi: 10.3389/fvets.2026.1922591

Figure Lengend Snippet: Lysosomes are more successfully reached by MM-EVs than Colo-EVs. (A) Representative CM images: Intracellular uptake of green-fluorescent labeled EVs derived from Colo and MM. Scale bars represent 20 μm; (B) Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis: MM-EVs show a significantly higher Pearson’s coefficient compared to Colo-EVs; (C) Comparative Manders’ co-localization coefficients: M1 represents the fraction of EV signal overlapping with the cell channel. M2 represents the fraction of cell signal overlapping with EVs.

Article Snippet: To evaluate the effect of MM-EVs on bacterial interaction, primary buffalo macrophages were pre-treated with or without mEVs before being challenged with FITC-labeled heat-killed E. coli (ATCC 35218).

Techniques: Labeling, Derivative Assay, Analysis

hiPSC-EV characterization. (A) NTA histogram showing size distribution profile of particles released by hiPSCs (n=3). (B) Histograms showing signal intensity (arbitrary units) of surface protein markers on hiPSC-EV (n = 3), as detected by the MACSPlex Exosome Kit and analyzed via flow cytometry. Data reported in the graph are mean ±SEM of n=3 independent experiments.

Journal: International Journal of Biological Sciences

Article Title: Extracellular Vesicles from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Reduce Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Cytoprotective Mechanisms in both 2D Cultures and a Human Airway Organoid Model

doi: 10.7150/ijbs.134686

Figure Lengend Snippet: hiPSC-EV characterization. (A) NTA histogram showing size distribution profile of particles released by hiPSCs (n=3). (B) Histograms showing signal intensity (arbitrary units) of surface protein markers on hiPSC-EV (n = 3), as detected by the MACSPlex Exosome Kit and analyzed via flow cytometry. Data reported in the graph are mean ±SEM of n=3 independent experiments.

Article Snippet: As previously described , EV immunophenotyping was performed with the Human MACSPlex exosome kit (130-108-813; Miltenyi Biotec, Germany), following the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry