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4',6-diamidine-2-phenylindole (dapi) counterstain solution  (Millipore)


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    Millipore 4',6-diamidine-2-phenylindole (dapi) counterstain solution
    4',6 Diamidine 2 Phenylindole (Dapi) Counterstain Solution, supplied by Millipore, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/dapi+counterstain+solution/dapi/pmc04135227-120-19-23
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    4',6-diamidine-2-phenylindole (dapi) counterstain solution - by Bioz Stars, 2026-11
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    Incubation:

    Article Title: Fusion protein comprising IL13
    Article Snippet: .. Cells are incubated with rabbit anti-β3 tubulin (Anti-beta III Tubulin antibody-Neuronal Marker, ab18207, 1:1500, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) and NeuN (Anti-NeuN Antibody clone A60, MAB377, 1:500) Sigma Aldrich (Merck), Darmstadt, Germany) overnight at 4° C., followed by washes and incubation with AF488-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit and 568-conjugated donkey anti-mouse secondary antibodies (Thermofisher, 1:500) followed by DAPI (1:5000, Sigma) staining before sections are mounted on slides with FluorSave reagent (Millipore). .. Images are taken using an Olympus IX83 microscope (Olympus).

    Article Title: Fusion protein comprising IL13
    Article Snippet: .. Cells were incubated with rabbit anti-β3 tubulin (Anti-beta III Tubulin antibody-Neuronal Marker, ab18207, 1:1500, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) and NeuN (Anti-NeuN Antibody clone A60, MAB377, 1:500) Sigma Aldrich (Merck), Darmstadt, Germany) overnight at 4° C., followed by washes and incubation with AF488-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit and 568-conjugated donkey anti-mouse secondary antibodies (Thermofisher, 1:500) followed by DAPI (1:5000, Sigma) staining before sections were mounted on slides with FluorSave reagent (Millipore). .. Images were taken using an Olympus IX83 microscope (Olympus).

    Marker:

    Article Title: Fusion protein comprising IL13
    Article Snippet: .. Cells are incubated with rabbit anti-β3 tubulin (Anti-beta III Tubulin antibody-Neuronal Marker, ab18207, 1:1500, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) and NeuN (Anti-NeuN Antibody clone A60, MAB377, 1:500) Sigma Aldrich (Merck), Darmstadt, Germany) overnight at 4° C., followed by washes and incubation with AF488-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit and 568-conjugated donkey anti-mouse secondary antibodies (Thermofisher, 1:500) followed by DAPI (1:5000, Sigma) staining before sections are mounted on slides with FluorSave reagent (Millipore). .. Images are taken using an Olympus IX83 microscope (Olympus).

    Article Title: Fusion protein comprising IL13
    Article Snippet: .. Cells were incubated with rabbit anti-β3 tubulin (Anti-beta III Tubulin antibody-Neuronal Marker, ab18207, 1:1500, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) and NeuN (Anti-NeuN Antibody clone A60, MAB377, 1:500) Sigma Aldrich (Merck), Darmstadt, Germany) overnight at 4° C., followed by washes and incubation with AF488-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit and 568-conjugated donkey anti-mouse secondary antibodies (Thermofisher, 1:500) followed by DAPI (1:5000, Sigma) staining before sections were mounted on slides with FluorSave reagent (Millipore). .. Images were taken using an Olympus IX83 microscope (Olympus).

    Staining:

    Article Title: Fusion protein comprising IL13
    Article Snippet: .. Cells are incubated with rabbit anti-β3 tubulin (Anti-beta III Tubulin antibody-Neuronal Marker, ab18207, 1:1500, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) and NeuN (Anti-NeuN Antibody clone A60, MAB377, 1:500) Sigma Aldrich (Merck), Darmstadt, Germany) overnight at 4° C., followed by washes and incubation with AF488-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit and 568-conjugated donkey anti-mouse secondary antibodies (Thermofisher, 1:500) followed by DAPI (1:5000, Sigma) staining before sections are mounted on slides with FluorSave reagent (Millipore). .. Images are taken using an Olympus IX83 microscope (Olympus).

    Article Title: Fusion protein comprising IL13
    Article Snippet: .. Cells were incubated with rabbit anti-β3 tubulin (Anti-beta III Tubulin antibody-Neuronal Marker, ab18207, 1:1500, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) and NeuN (Anti-NeuN Antibody clone A60, MAB377, 1:500) Sigma Aldrich (Merck), Darmstadt, Germany) overnight at 4° C., followed by washes and incubation with AF488-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit and 568-conjugated donkey anti-mouse secondary antibodies (Thermofisher, 1:500) followed by DAPI (1:5000, Sigma) staining before sections were mounted on slides with FluorSave reagent (Millipore). .. Images were taken using an Olympus IX83 microscope (Olympus).

    Fluorsave:

    Article Title: Fusion protein comprising IL13
    Article Snippet: .. Cells are incubated with rabbit anti-β3 tubulin (Anti-beta III Tubulin antibody-Neuronal Marker, ab18207, 1:1500, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) and NeuN (Anti-NeuN Antibody clone A60, MAB377, 1:500) Sigma Aldrich (Merck), Darmstadt, Germany) overnight at 4° C., followed by washes and incubation with AF488-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit and 568-conjugated donkey anti-mouse secondary antibodies (Thermofisher, 1:500) followed by DAPI (1:5000, Sigma) staining before sections are mounted on slides with FluorSave reagent (Millipore). .. Images are taken using an Olympus IX83 microscope (Olympus).

    Article Title: Fusion protein comprising IL13
    Article Snippet: .. Cells were incubated with rabbit anti-β3 tubulin (Anti-beta III Tubulin antibody-Neuronal Marker, ab18207, 1:1500, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) and NeuN (Anti-NeuN Antibody clone A60, MAB377, 1:500) Sigma Aldrich (Merck), Darmstadt, Germany) overnight at 4° C., followed by washes and incubation with AF488-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit and 568-conjugated donkey anti-mouse secondary antibodies (Thermofisher, 1:500) followed by DAPI (1:5000, Sigma) staining before sections were mounted on slides with FluorSave reagent (Millipore). .. Images were taken using an Olympus IX83 microscope (Olympus).

    other:

    Article Title: Regulatory T Cells Boost Efficacy of Post-Infarction Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiovascular Progenitor Cell Transplants.
    Article Snippet: The number of capillaries were counted and expressed as the number of capillaries per square millimetre (mm2) using a staining Griffonia Bandeiraea Simplicifolia Lectin I (20 mg/mL, Vector, CA, USA) conjugated with rhodamine, in conjunction with the nuclear marker 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (1 mg/mL, DAPI, Calbiochem, France).

    Article Title: Supplemental Information DOT1L interaction partner AF10 controls patterning of H3K79 methyla- tion and RNA polymerase II to maintain cell identity
    Article Snippet: Coverslips were washed once, incubated with 4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (1:10,000; Millipore Sigma, D8417) in wash buffer, and then washed a second time before mounting with Aqua-Poly/Mount (Fisher Scientific, NC9439247).

    Article Title: Hypoxia-Induced Metabolic Reprogramming and Markings of Cell Fate in Concentric Arterial Hypertrophy
    Article Snippet: Residual red blood cells were lysed by Red Blood Cell Lysis Buffer (Sigma-Aldrich).

    Article Title: A type I interferon regulatory network for human plasmacytoid dendritic cells based on heparin, membrane-bound and soluble BDCA-2
    Article Snippet: GL Sciences Inc. Cat# GL-5020- 75000 IMDM, w/o: L-Glutamine, w: 25 mM HEPES, w: 3.024 g/L NaHCO3 PAN BIOTECH Cat# P04-20050 Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium (ITS -G) (100X) GIBCO Cat# 41400045 Table S3. (continued) MEM Vitamin Solution (100X) GIBCO Cat# 11120037 MEM Amino Acids Solution (50X) GIBCO Cat# 11130036 rmSCF Markus Schnare, Germany N/A Albumin from human serum Sigma-Aldrich Cat# A3782-100MG Fibrinogen from human plasma Sigma-Aldrich Cat# F3879-100MG Bio-Pure Human Serum Albumin (HSA) 10% solution Sartorius Cat# 05-720-1D Recombinant P. vulgaris Chondroitinase ABC Protein, CF R&D systems Cat# 6877-GH-020 Bacteroides Heparinase I New england biolabs Cat# P0735S Bacteroides Heparinase II New england biolabs Cat# P0736S Bacteroides Heparinase III New england biolabs Cat# P0737S Perchloric acid ACS reagent, 70% Sigma-Aldrich Cat# 244252-100ML 4–20% Mini-PROTEAN® TGXTM Precast Protein Gels, 12-well, 20 μl #4561095 Biorad Cat# 4561095 Toluidine Blue O Sigma-Aldrich Cat# T3260 Flt3-L Supernatant produced within Department for Immunology N/A PageBlueTM Protein Staining Solution Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# 24620 mIFN-α Supernatant produced within Department for Immunology N/A Recombinant Mouse M-CSF Protein R&D systems Cat# 416-ML Amicon Ultra - 4 Millipore Cat# UFC801024 Strep-Tactin® HRP conjugate IBA Cat# 2-1502-001 DAPI Sigma-Aldrich Cat# D9542 Perchloric acid Honeywell Cat# 244252 Ammonium hydroxide solution Honeywell Cat# 221228 Critical commercial assays Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Isolation Kit II Miltenyi Biotec Cat# 130-097-415 Human DLEC/CLEC4C/BDCA2 ELISA Kit Invitrogen Cat# EH156RB Anti IIa Assay Kit Kinetichrome Cat# IIAI IFN alpha Human Matched Antibody Pair Invitrogen Cat# BMS216MST Protein Labeling Kit RED-MALEIMIDE 2nd Generation (Cysteine reactive) Nanotemper Cat# MO-L014 Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# 23225 Protease inhibitor Cocktail kit Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# 78410 2216 CpG 20-mer TIB MOLBIOL N/A CpG2216_Cy3 Biospring Cat# 290536_G pcDNA3.1(-)_sol-hBDCA2 This work GenBank accession# OQ817991 Table S3. (continued) pcDNA3.1(-)_sol-hBDCA2_N110Q This work GenBank accession# OQ817992 pcDNA3.1(-)_sol-hBDCA2_N137Q This work GenBank accession# OQ817993 pcDNA3.1(-)_sol-hBDCA2_N164Q _ This work GenBank accession# OQ817994 pcDNA3.1(-)_sol-hBDCA2_E172A/N174A This work GenBank accession# OQ817995 pcDNA3.1(-)_sol-hDCIR This work GenBank accession# OQ817996 pcDNA3.1(-)_sol-hDECTIN-2 This work GenBank accession# OQ817997 pcDNA3.1(-)_sol-hIL-8 This work GenBank accession# OQ817998

    Article Title: Unique recognition, phagocytosis, and intracellular survival of Cryptococcus neoformans in a human immortalized microglia cell line
    Article Snippet: Coverslips were washed with PBS and a corresponding Alexa Fluor-conjugated goat secondary antibody (Invitrogen) was diluted to 1 μg/mL in PBS with 2 μg/mL of 4’6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; Millipore Sigma) and added to cells for 1 hour at RT.



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    Age-dependent impairment in myelin phagocytosis and lipid droplet clearance in vitro and in vivo (Ai-ii) In vitro myelin phagocytosis assay with primary peritoneal macrophages from young (1-month-old) and aged (12-month-old) mice. (Ai) Representative immunofluorescence cytochemistry images (myelin basic protein (MBP, green), Iba1 (red), and <t>DAPI</t> (blue) of macrophages from young and aged mice incubated with myelin debris for 2, 4, 16, or 24 h. Scale bar: 20μm. (Aii) Quantification of macrophages containing phagocytosed myelin (% of MBP-positive Iba1- macrophages) at early (2–4 h) and late (16–24 h) time points. (Bi-iii) Delayed metabolism of phagocytosed myelin by aged macrophages. (Bi) Experimental scheme showing removal of myelin from culture medium after 16 h, and assessment of intracellular myelin metabolism by accumulation of Oil-Red-O (ORO) lipid droplets at 24 and 48 h. As an experimental control, representative images of MBP (green), Iba1 (red), and DAPI (blue) (Scale bar: 20μm) in young and aged macrophages showing comparable levels of phagocytosed MBP-immunoreactive myelin in young and aged macrophages at 16 h, and absence of MBP-immunoreactive myelin at 24 h and 48 h, (Bii) ORO and hematoxylin staining of young and aged macrophages showing ORO+ lipid droplet accumulation (red, arrowheads). (Biii) Quantification of ORO+ lipid–containing macrophages following myelin incubation and withdrawal, demonstrating impaired lipid clearance in aged compared to young macrophages. Scale bar: 3μm. (Ci-iii) In vivo accumulation of ORO+ lipid droplets in young (2-month-old) and old (24-month-old) mice during cuprizone-induced demyelination. (Ci) Representative ORO-stained coronal brain sections from young and aged mice after 4 (CPZ4), 6 (CPZ6) and 8 (CPZ8) weeks of continuous cuprizone feeding, and CPZ6 followed by 4 weeks of recovery after cuprizone withdrawal (CPZ6+4). Scale bar: 10μm. Quantification of ORO+ lipid droplets in, (Cii) the corpus callosum (CC) and (Ciii) dorsal fornix (DF) between young and aged mice at CPZ0, CPZ4, CPZ6, CPZ6+4 and CPZ8. (n = 5 mice/group; Mean ± SEM, p<0.05, *p<0.01, **p<0.001, ***p<0.0001).
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    Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling enhances STB differentiation. (A) A scheme of the culture conditions. Undifferentiated macTSCs were cultured with [CHIR(+)] or without [CHIR(−)] CHIR99021 for 3 days. Some cells were induced to differentiate in the medium containing dbcAMP [CHIR(−) cAMP and CHIR(+) cAMP] for another 6 days. (B) The relative expression level of a vCTB marker, TEAD4 . (C) Phase contrast images of cells on day 9. Multinucleated STB is outlined by a red line. Scale bar = 100 μm. (D, G) The relative expression levels of STB (D) and EVT (G) markers. For C, D, and G, the mean values (±SD) of technical triplicates of biological duplicates, normalized by the expression of ACTB , are shown relative to those in CHIR(−) (arbitrarily set as 1). Different letters represent significant differences ( p < 0.05). (E) Detection of multinucleated STBs by immunofluorescence for E-cadherin, CG, and <t>DAPI</t> staining. Scale bar = 100 μm. (F) The mean intensity ± SD (%) of STB nuclei calculated from four randomly chosen fields of biological duplicates. Different letters represent significant differences ( p < 0.05). Note that error bars got larger as the STB ratio increased, likely because the larger the STBs formed, the sparser the distribution of STBs became so that some of the randomly selected fields contained very few STBs. (H) Detection of gelatinase activities of MMP2 and MMP9 by gelatin zymography.
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    Image Search Results


    Age-dependent impairment in myelin phagocytosis and lipid droplet clearance in vitro and in vivo (Ai-ii) In vitro myelin phagocytosis assay with primary peritoneal macrophages from young (1-month-old) and aged (12-month-old) mice. (Ai) Representative immunofluorescence cytochemistry images (myelin basic protein (MBP, green), Iba1 (red), and DAPI (blue) of macrophages from young and aged mice incubated with myelin debris for 2, 4, 16, or 24 h. Scale bar: 20μm. (Aii) Quantification of macrophages containing phagocytosed myelin (% of MBP-positive Iba1- macrophages) at early (2–4 h) and late (16–24 h) time points. (Bi-iii) Delayed metabolism of phagocytosed myelin by aged macrophages. (Bi) Experimental scheme showing removal of myelin from culture medium after 16 h, and assessment of intracellular myelin metabolism by accumulation of Oil-Red-O (ORO) lipid droplets at 24 and 48 h. As an experimental control, representative images of MBP (green), Iba1 (red), and DAPI (blue) (Scale bar: 20μm) in young and aged macrophages showing comparable levels of phagocytosed MBP-immunoreactive myelin in young and aged macrophages at 16 h, and absence of MBP-immunoreactive myelin at 24 h and 48 h, (Bii) ORO and hematoxylin staining of young and aged macrophages showing ORO+ lipid droplet accumulation (red, arrowheads). (Biii) Quantification of ORO+ lipid–containing macrophages following myelin incubation and withdrawal, demonstrating impaired lipid clearance in aged compared to young macrophages. Scale bar: 3μm. (Ci-iii) In vivo accumulation of ORO+ lipid droplets in young (2-month-old) and old (24-month-old) mice during cuprizone-induced demyelination. (Ci) Representative ORO-stained coronal brain sections from young and aged mice after 4 (CPZ4), 6 (CPZ6) and 8 (CPZ8) weeks of continuous cuprizone feeding, and CPZ6 followed by 4 weeks of recovery after cuprizone withdrawal (CPZ6+4). Scale bar: 10μm. Quantification of ORO+ lipid droplets in, (Cii) the corpus callosum (CC) and (Ciii) dorsal fornix (DF) between young and aged mice at CPZ0, CPZ4, CPZ6, CPZ6+4 and CPZ8. (n = 5 mice/group; Mean ± SEM, p<0.05, *p<0.01, **p<0.001, ***p<0.0001).

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Age-related loss of brain demyelinating and remyelinating potential is overcome by microglia renewal

    doi: 10.64898/2026.06.15.732390

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Age-dependent impairment in myelin phagocytosis and lipid droplet clearance in vitro and in vivo (Ai-ii) In vitro myelin phagocytosis assay with primary peritoneal macrophages from young (1-month-old) and aged (12-month-old) mice. (Ai) Representative immunofluorescence cytochemistry images (myelin basic protein (MBP, green), Iba1 (red), and DAPI (blue) of macrophages from young and aged mice incubated with myelin debris for 2, 4, 16, or 24 h. Scale bar: 20μm. (Aii) Quantification of macrophages containing phagocytosed myelin (% of MBP-positive Iba1- macrophages) at early (2–4 h) and late (16–24 h) time points. (Bi-iii) Delayed metabolism of phagocytosed myelin by aged macrophages. (Bi) Experimental scheme showing removal of myelin from culture medium after 16 h, and assessment of intracellular myelin metabolism by accumulation of Oil-Red-O (ORO) lipid droplets at 24 and 48 h. As an experimental control, representative images of MBP (green), Iba1 (red), and DAPI (blue) (Scale bar: 20μm) in young and aged macrophages showing comparable levels of phagocytosed MBP-immunoreactive myelin in young and aged macrophages at 16 h, and absence of MBP-immunoreactive myelin at 24 h and 48 h, (Bii) ORO and hematoxylin staining of young and aged macrophages showing ORO+ lipid droplet accumulation (red, arrowheads). (Biii) Quantification of ORO+ lipid–containing macrophages following myelin incubation and withdrawal, demonstrating impaired lipid clearance in aged compared to young macrophages. Scale bar: 3μm. (Ci-iii) In vivo accumulation of ORO+ lipid droplets in young (2-month-old) and old (24-month-old) mice during cuprizone-induced demyelination. (Ci) Representative ORO-stained coronal brain sections from young and aged mice after 4 (CPZ4), 6 (CPZ6) and 8 (CPZ8) weeks of continuous cuprizone feeding, and CPZ6 followed by 4 weeks of recovery after cuprizone withdrawal (CPZ6+4). Scale bar: 10μm. Quantification of ORO+ lipid droplets in, (Cii) the corpus callosum (CC) and (Ciii) dorsal fornix (DF) between young and aged mice at CPZ0, CPZ4, CPZ6, CPZ6+4 and CPZ8. (n = 5 mice/group; Mean ± SEM, p<0.05, *p<0.01, **p<0.001, ***p<0.0001).

    Article Snippet: This was followed by a three-probe amplification steps (AMP1-AMP3), fluorophore conjugation (Opal 570) and DAPI counterstaining (ACD, CA).

    Techniques: In Vitro, In Vivo, Phagocytosis Assay, Immunofluorescence, Incubation, Control, Staining

    Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling enhances STB differentiation. (A) A scheme of the culture conditions. Undifferentiated macTSCs were cultured with [CHIR(+)] or without [CHIR(−)] CHIR99021 for 3 days. Some cells were induced to differentiate in the medium containing dbcAMP [CHIR(−) cAMP and CHIR(+) cAMP] for another 6 days. (B) The relative expression level of a vCTB marker, TEAD4 . (C) Phase contrast images of cells on day 9. Multinucleated STB is outlined by a red line. Scale bar = 100 μm. (D, G) The relative expression levels of STB (D) and EVT (G) markers. For C, D, and G, the mean values (±SD) of technical triplicates of biological duplicates, normalized by the expression of ACTB , are shown relative to those in CHIR(−) (arbitrarily set as 1). Different letters represent significant differences ( p < 0.05). (E) Detection of multinucleated STBs by immunofluorescence for E-cadherin, CG, and DAPI staining. Scale bar = 100 μm. (F) The mean intensity ± SD (%) of STB nuclei calculated from four randomly chosen fields of biological duplicates. Different letters represent significant differences ( p < 0.05). Note that error bars got larger as the STB ratio increased, likely because the larger the STBs formed, the sparser the distribution of STBs became so that some of the randomly selected fields contained very few STBs. (H) Detection of gelatinase activities of MMP2 and MMP9 by gelatin zymography.

    Journal: Biology of Reproduction

    Article Title: Wnt signaling activation confers a syncytiotrophoblast progenitor state on trophoblast stem cells of cynomolgus monkey †

    doi: 10.1093/biolre/ioae131

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling enhances STB differentiation. (A) A scheme of the culture conditions. Undifferentiated macTSCs were cultured with [CHIR(+)] or without [CHIR(−)] CHIR99021 for 3 days. Some cells were induced to differentiate in the medium containing dbcAMP [CHIR(−) cAMP and CHIR(+) cAMP] for another 6 days. (B) The relative expression level of a vCTB marker, TEAD4 . (C) Phase contrast images of cells on day 9. Multinucleated STB is outlined by a red line. Scale bar = 100 μm. (D, G) The relative expression levels of STB (D) and EVT (G) markers. For C, D, and G, the mean values (±SD) of technical triplicates of biological duplicates, normalized by the expression of ACTB , are shown relative to those in CHIR(−) (arbitrarily set as 1). Different letters represent significant differences ( p < 0.05). (E) Detection of multinucleated STBs by immunofluorescence for E-cadherin, CG, and DAPI staining. Scale bar = 100 μm. (F) The mean intensity ± SD (%) of STB nuclei calculated from four randomly chosen fields of biological duplicates. Different letters represent significant differences ( p < 0.05). Note that error bars got larger as the STB ratio increased, likely because the larger the STBs formed, the sparser the distribution of STBs became so that some of the randomly selected fields contained very few STBs. (H) Detection of gelatinase activities of MMP2 and MMP9 by gelatin zymography.

    Article Snippet: After nuclear counterstaining with DAPI (D523; DOJINDO, Kumamoto, Japan), the cells were mounted on glass slides with VECTASHIELD (H-1000; Vector Laboratories, Newark, CA, USA).

    Techniques: Activation Assay, Cell Culture, Expressing, Marker, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Zymography

    macTSCs acquire FSK responsiveness for STB differentiation by Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation. (A) A scheme of the macTSC culture conditions. Undifferentiated macTSCs were cultured with [CHIR(+)] or without [CHIR(−)] CHIR99021 for 3 days. Some cells were induced to differentiate in the medium containing forskolin (FSK) [CHIR(−) FSK and CHIR(+) FSK] for another 6 days. (B) Phase contrast images of cells on day 9. Multinucleated STB is indicated by a red line. Scale bar = 100 μm. (C) The relative expression levels of STB markers. The mean values (±SD) of technical triplicates of biological duplicates, normalized by the expression of ACTB , are shown relative to those of cells maintained under the CHIR(−) condition (arbitrarily set as 1). (D) Detection of multinucleated STB by immunofluorescence for E-cadherin, CG, and DAPI staining. Scale bar = 100 μm. (E) The mean intensity ± SD (%) of STB nuclei calculated from four randomly chosen fields of biological duplicates. Different letters represent significant differences ( p < 0.05). Note that error bars got larger as the STB ratio increased, likely because the larger the STBs formed, the sparser the distribution of STBs became so that some of the randomly selected fields contained very few STBs.

    Journal: Biology of Reproduction

    Article Title: Wnt signaling activation confers a syncytiotrophoblast progenitor state on trophoblast stem cells of cynomolgus monkey †

    doi: 10.1093/biolre/ioae131

    Figure Lengend Snippet: macTSCs acquire FSK responsiveness for STB differentiation by Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation. (A) A scheme of the macTSC culture conditions. Undifferentiated macTSCs were cultured with [CHIR(+)] or without [CHIR(−)] CHIR99021 for 3 days. Some cells were induced to differentiate in the medium containing forskolin (FSK) [CHIR(−) FSK and CHIR(+) FSK] for another 6 days. (B) Phase contrast images of cells on day 9. Multinucleated STB is indicated by a red line. Scale bar = 100 μm. (C) The relative expression levels of STB markers. The mean values (±SD) of technical triplicates of biological duplicates, normalized by the expression of ACTB , are shown relative to those of cells maintained under the CHIR(−) condition (arbitrarily set as 1). (D) Detection of multinucleated STB by immunofluorescence for E-cadherin, CG, and DAPI staining. Scale bar = 100 μm. (E) The mean intensity ± SD (%) of STB nuclei calculated from four randomly chosen fields of biological duplicates. Different letters represent significant differences ( p < 0.05). Note that error bars got larger as the STB ratio increased, likely because the larger the STBs formed, the sparser the distribution of STBs became so that some of the randomly selected fields contained very few STBs.

    Article Snippet: After nuclear counterstaining with DAPI (D523; DOJINDO, Kumamoto, Japan), the cells were mounted on glass slides with VECTASHIELD (H-1000; Vector Laboratories, Newark, CA, USA).

    Techniques: Activation Assay, Cell Culture, Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Staining