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originlab® software version 8.5  (OriginLab corp)


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    OriginLab corp originlab® software version 8.5
    Effects of protein hydrolysis of moisture conditioned (20 and 53 %) and heat-treated <t> Bambara groundnut </t> seeds on the moisture and protein composition of resulting flours run under buffer conditions.
    Originlab® Software Version 8.5, supplied by OriginLab corp, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/software+originlab+version+8%2E5/originlab8/pmc11577232-137-8-15
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    originlab® software version 8.5 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    90/100 stars

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    1) Product Images from "Influence of protein in low paste viscosities of Bambara groundnut flours from heat-treated Bambara groundnut seeds "

    Article Title: Influence of protein in low paste viscosities of Bambara groundnut flours from heat-treated Bambara groundnut seeds

    Journal: Heliyon

    doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40093

    Effects of protein hydrolysis of moisture conditioned (20 and 53 %) and heat-treated  Bambara groundnut  seeds on the moisture and protein composition of resulting flours run under buffer conditions.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of protein hydrolysis of moisture conditioned (20 and 53 %) and heat-treated Bambara groundnut seeds on the moisture and protein composition of resulting flours run under buffer conditions.

    Techniques Used:

    Effects of protein hydrolysis of moisture conditioned (20 and 53 %) and heat-treated  Bambara groundnut  seeds on the moisture and protein composition of resulting flours run with enzyme.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of protein hydrolysis of moisture conditioned (20 and 53 %) and heat-treated Bambara groundnut seeds on the moisture and protein composition of resulting flours run with enzyme.

    Techniques Used:

    Effect of protein hydrolysis of resulting flours from infrared, microwaved processing alone and in combination of Bambara groundnut seeds at 20 % moisture on viscosity during pasting. RUT-raw seeds, C20- 20 % moisture, 20IR5- 5 min infrared, 20IR10-10 min infrared, 20MW5- 5 min microwave, 20MW10 - 10 min microwave, 20COM5- 5 min combined, 20COM10- 10 min combined.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of protein hydrolysis of resulting flours from infrared, microwaved processing alone and in combination of Bambara groundnut seeds at 20 % moisture on viscosity during pasting. RUT-raw seeds, C20- 20 % moisture, 20IR5- 5 min infrared, 20IR10-10 min infrared, 20MW5- 5 min microwave, 20MW10 - 10 min microwave, 20COM5- 5 min combined, 20COM10- 10 min combined.

    Techniques Used: Viscosity

    Effect of protein hydrolysis of resulting flours from infrared, microwaved processing alone and in combination of Bambara groundnut seeds at 20 % moisture on viscosity during pasting. RUT-raw seeds, C53- 53 % moisture, 53IR5- 5 min infrared, 53IR10-10 min infrared, 53MW5- 5 min microwave, 53MW10- 10 min microwave, 53COM5- 5 min combined, 53COM10- 10 min combined.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of protein hydrolysis of resulting flours from infrared, microwaved processing alone and in combination of Bambara groundnut seeds at 20 % moisture on viscosity during pasting. RUT-raw seeds, C53- 53 % moisture, 53IR5- 5 min infrared, 53IR10-10 min infrared, 53MW5- 5 min microwave, 53MW10- 10 min microwave, 53COM5- 5 min combined, 53COM10- 10 min combined.

    Techniques Used: Viscosity

    Effect of trypsin on protein hydrolysis of resulting flours from infrared, microwaved processing alone and in combination of Bambara groundnut seeds at 20 % moisture on viscosity during pasting. RUT-raw seeds, C20- 20 % moisture, 20IR5- 5 min infrared, 20IR10-10 min infrared, 20MW5- 5 min microwave, 20MW10 - 10 min microwave, 20COM5- 5 min combined, 20COM10- 10 min combined.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of trypsin on protein hydrolysis of resulting flours from infrared, microwaved processing alone and in combination of Bambara groundnut seeds at 20 % moisture on viscosity during pasting. RUT-raw seeds, C20- 20 % moisture, 20IR5- 5 min infrared, 20IR10-10 min infrared, 20MW5- 5 min microwave, 20MW10 - 10 min microwave, 20COM5- 5 min combined, 20COM10- 10 min combined.

    Techniques Used: Viscosity

    Effect of trypsin on protein hydrolysis of resulting flours from infrared, microwaved processing alone and in combination of Bambara groundnut seeds at 20 % and 53 % moisture on viscosity during pasting. RUT-raw seeds, C53- 53 % moisture, 53IR5- 5 min infrared, 53IR10-10 min infrared, 53MW5- 5 min microwave, 53MW10- 10 min microwave, 53COM5- 5 min combined, 53COM10- 10 min combined.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of trypsin on protein hydrolysis of resulting flours from infrared, microwaved processing alone and in combination of Bambara groundnut seeds at 20 % and 53 % moisture on viscosity during pasting. RUT-raw seeds, C53- 53 % moisture, 53IR5- 5 min infrared, 53IR10-10 min infrared, 53MW5- 5 min microwave, 53MW10- 10 min microwave, 53COM5- 5 min combined, 53COM10- 10 min combined.

    Techniques Used: Viscosity

    Combined heat-treated samples before protein hydrolysis. Light micrographs under polarised light and unstained of resulting flours from untreated, combined infrared and microwave heat-treated paste and flour samples of Bambara groundnut seeds moisture conditioned (20 and 53 % moisture). Samples were heat-treated for 0, 5, and 10 min. Before protein hydrolysis micrographs show aggregates. 1-light unstained, 2-polirised light, 3-Iodine stained, 4- pasted unstained, 5-pasted and iodine stained. Bar = 50 μm. Arrows indicating aggregates in combined microwaved and infrared flours and pastes.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Combined heat-treated samples before protein hydrolysis. Light micrographs under polarised light and unstained of resulting flours from untreated, combined infrared and microwave heat-treated paste and flour samples of Bambara groundnut seeds moisture conditioned (20 and 53 % moisture). Samples were heat-treated for 0, 5, and 10 min. Before protein hydrolysis micrographs show aggregates. 1-light unstained, 2-polirised light, 3-Iodine stained, 4- pasted unstained, 5-pasted and iodine stained. Bar = 50 μm. Arrows indicating aggregates in combined microwaved and infrared flours and pastes.

    Techniques Used: Staining

    Light micrographs under polarised light, iodine stained and unstained of resulting flours from untreated, infrared heat-treated paste and flour samples of Bambara groundnut seeds moisture conditioned (20 and 53 % moisture). Samples were heat-treated for 0, 5, and 10 min. Protein hydrolysis resulted in disappearance of aggregates. 1-light unstained, 2-polirised light, 3-Iodine stained, 4- pasted unstained, 5-pasted and iodine stained. Bar = 50 μm. Arrows indicating aggregates in combined microwaved and infrared flours and pastes.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Light micrographs under polarised light, iodine stained and unstained of resulting flours from untreated, infrared heat-treated paste and flour samples of Bambara groundnut seeds moisture conditioned (20 and 53 % moisture). Samples were heat-treated for 0, 5, and 10 min. Protein hydrolysis resulted in disappearance of aggregates. 1-light unstained, 2-polirised light, 3-Iodine stained, 4- pasted unstained, 5-pasted and iodine stained. Bar = 50 μm. Arrows indicating aggregates in combined microwaved and infrared flours and pastes.

    Techniques Used: Staining

    Light micrographs under polarised light, iodine stained and unstained of resulting flours from untreated, infrared heat-treated paste and flour samples of Bambara groundnut seeds moisture conditioned (20 and 53 % moisture). Samples were heat-treated for 0, 5, and 10 min. Protein hydrolysis resulted in disappearance of aggregates. 1-light unstained, 2-polirised light, 3-Iodine stained, 4- pasted unstained, 5-pasted and iodine stained. Bar = 50 μm. Arrows indicating aggregates in combined microwaved and infrared flours and pastes.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Light micrographs under polarised light, iodine stained and unstained of resulting flours from untreated, infrared heat-treated paste and flour samples of Bambara groundnut seeds moisture conditioned (20 and 53 % moisture). Samples were heat-treated for 0, 5, and 10 min. Protein hydrolysis resulted in disappearance of aggregates. 1-light unstained, 2-polirised light, 3-Iodine stained, 4- pasted unstained, 5-pasted and iodine stained. Bar = 50 μm. Arrows indicating aggregates in combined microwaved and infrared flours and pastes.

    Techniques Used: Staining

    Light micrographs under polarised light, iodine stained and unstained of resulting flours from untreated, microwave heat-treated paste and flour samples of Bambara groundnut seeds moisture conditioned (20 and 53 % moisture). Samples were heat-treated for 0, 5, and 10 min. Protein hydrolysis resulted in disappearance of aggregates. 1-light unstained, 2-polirised light, 3-Iodine stained, 4- pasted unstained, 5-pasted and iodine stained. Bar = 50 μm. Arrows indicating aggregates in combined microwaved and infrared flours and pastes.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Light micrographs under polarised light, iodine stained and unstained of resulting flours from untreated, microwave heat-treated paste and flour samples of Bambara groundnut seeds moisture conditioned (20 and 53 % moisture). Samples were heat-treated for 0, 5, and 10 min. Protein hydrolysis resulted in disappearance of aggregates. 1-light unstained, 2-polirised light, 3-Iodine stained, 4- pasted unstained, 5-pasted and iodine stained. Bar = 50 μm. Arrows indicating aggregates in combined microwaved and infrared flours and pastes.

    Techniques Used: Staining

    Light micrographs under polarised light, iodine stained and unstained of resulting flours from untreated, microwave heat-treated paste and flour samples of Bambara groundnut seeds moisture conditioned (20 and 53 % moisture). Samples were heat-treated for 0, 5, and 10 min. Protein hydrolysis resulted in disappearance of aggregates. 1-light unstained, 2-polirised light, 3-Iodine stained, 4- pasted unstained, 5-pasted and iodine stained. Bar = 50 μm. Arrows indicating aggregates in combined microwaved and infrared flours and pastes.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Light micrographs under polarised light, iodine stained and unstained of resulting flours from untreated, microwave heat-treated paste and flour samples of Bambara groundnut seeds moisture conditioned (20 and 53 % moisture). Samples were heat-treated for 0, 5, and 10 min. Protein hydrolysis resulted in disappearance of aggregates. 1-light unstained, 2-polirised light, 3-Iodine stained, 4- pasted unstained, 5-pasted and iodine stained. Bar = 50 μm. Arrows indicating aggregates in combined microwaved and infrared flours and pastes.

    Techniques Used: Staining

    Light micrographs under polarised light, iodine stained and unstained of resulting flours from untreated, combined infrared and microwave heat-treated paste and flour samples of Bambara groundnut seeds moisture conditioned (20 and 53 % moisture). Samples were heat-treated for 0, 5, and 10 min. Protein hydrolysis resulted in disappearance of aggregates. 1-light unstained, 2-polirised light, 3-Iodine stained, 4- pasted unstained, 5-pasted and iodine stained. Bar = 50 μm. Arrows indicating aggregates in combined microwaved and infrared flours and pastes.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Light micrographs under polarised light, iodine stained and unstained of resulting flours from untreated, combined infrared and microwave heat-treated paste and flour samples of Bambara groundnut seeds moisture conditioned (20 and 53 % moisture). Samples were heat-treated for 0, 5, and 10 min. Protein hydrolysis resulted in disappearance of aggregates. 1-light unstained, 2-polirised light, 3-Iodine stained, 4- pasted unstained, 5-pasted and iodine stained. Bar = 50 μm. Arrows indicating aggregates in combined microwaved and infrared flours and pastes.

    Techniques Used: Staining

    Light micrographs under polarised light, iodine stained and unstained of resulting flours from untreated, combined infrared and microwave heat-treated paste and flour samples of Bambara groundnut seeds moisture conditioned (20 and 53 % moisture). Samples were heat-treated for 0, 5, and 10 min. Protein hydrolysis using trypsin resulted in disappearance of aggregates. 1-light unstained, 2-polirised light, 3-Iodine stained, 4- pasted unstained, 5-pasted and iodine stained. Bar = 50 μm. Arrows indicating aggregates in combined microwaved and infrared flours and pastes.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Light micrographs under polarised light, iodine stained and unstained of resulting flours from untreated, combined infrared and microwave heat-treated paste and flour samples of Bambara groundnut seeds moisture conditioned (20 and 53 % moisture). Samples were heat-treated for 0, 5, and 10 min. Protein hydrolysis using trypsin resulted in disappearance of aggregates. 1-light unstained, 2-polirised light, 3-Iodine stained, 4- pasted unstained, 5-pasted and iodine stained. Bar = 50 μm. Arrows indicating aggregates in combined microwaved and infrared flours and pastes.

    Techniques Used: Staining

    Effects of heat treatment methods of moisture conditioned (20 and 53 %)  Bambara groundnut  seeds under buffer conditions on thermal profiles of resulting flours.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of heat treatment methods of moisture conditioned (20 and 53 %) Bambara groundnut seeds under buffer conditions on thermal profiles of resulting flours.

    Techniques Used:

    Effects of heat treatment methods of moisture conditioned (20 and 53 %)  Bambara groundnut  seeds on thermal profiles of resulting flours treated with an enzyme. A∗
    Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of heat treatment methods of moisture conditioned (20 and 53 %) Bambara groundnut seeds on thermal profiles of resulting flours treated with an enzyme. A∗

    Techniques Used:

    A and B: SDS-PAGE under reducing and non-reducing condition of Bambara groundnut seeds of 20 % or 53 % moisture content were heat treated at 130 °C; Treatments were performed at 1200W.A and B:1- Standard proteins, 2- raw seeds, 3–20 % moisture 10 min infrared, 4–53%moisture 10 min infrared, 5–20 % moisture 10 microwave, 6–53 % moisture 10 min microwave, 7–20 % moisture,10 min combined, 8–53 % moisture 10 min combined. C depicts SDS-PAGE under non reducing conditions of 20 % and 53 % Bambara groundnut seed flours after protein hydrolysis with trypsin.
    Figure Legend Snippet: A and B: SDS-PAGE under reducing and non-reducing condition of Bambara groundnut seeds of 20 % or 53 % moisture content were heat treated at 130 °C; Treatments were performed at 1200W.A and B:1- Standard proteins, 2- raw seeds, 3–20 % moisture 10 min infrared, 4–53%moisture 10 min infrared, 5–20 % moisture 10 microwave, 6–53 % moisture 10 min microwave, 7–20 % moisture,10 min combined, 8–53 % moisture 10 min combined. C depicts SDS-PAGE under non reducing conditions of 20 % and 53 % Bambara groundnut seed flours after protein hydrolysis with trypsin.

    Techniques Used: SDS Page

    Effect of heat treatment using infrared, microwave and a combined treatment on Deconvoluted peaks of Amide I region of Bambara protein. RUT-raw seeds, C20- 20 % moisture, 20IR5- 5 min infrared, 20IR10-10 min infrared, 20MW5- 5 min microwave, 20MW10 - 10 min microwave, 20COM5- 5 min combined, 20COM10- 10 min combined. B.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of heat treatment using infrared, microwave and a combined treatment on Deconvoluted peaks of Amide I region of Bambara protein. RUT-raw seeds, C20- 20 % moisture, 20IR5- 5 min infrared, 20IR10-10 min infrared, 20MW5- 5 min microwave, 20MW10 - 10 min microwave, 20COM5- 5 min combined, 20COM10- 10 min combined. B.

    Techniques Used:

    Effect of heat treatment using infrared, microwave and a combined treatment on Deconvoluted peaks of Amide I region of Bambara protein. A. RUT-raw seeds, C53- 53 % moisture, 53IR5- 5 min infrared, 53IR10-10 min infrared, 53MW5- 5 min microwave, 53MW10- 10 min microwave, 53COM5- 5 min combined, 53COM10- 10 min combined.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of heat treatment using infrared, microwave and a combined treatment on Deconvoluted peaks of Amide I region of Bambara protein. A. RUT-raw seeds, C53- 53 % moisture, 53IR5- 5 min infrared, 53IR10-10 min infrared, 53MW5- 5 min microwave, 53MW10- 10 min microwave, 53COM5- 5 min combined, 53COM10- 10 min combined.

    Techniques Used:

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    Effects of protein hydrolysis of moisture conditioned (20 and 53 %) and heat-treated  Bambara groundnut  seeds on the moisture and protein composition of resulting flours run under buffer conditions.

    Journal: Heliyon

    Article Title: Influence of protein in low paste viscosities of Bambara groundnut flours from heat-treated Bambara groundnut seeds

    doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40093

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of protein hydrolysis of moisture conditioned (20 and 53 %) and heat-treated Bambara groundnut seeds on the moisture and protein composition of resulting flours run under buffer conditions.

    Article Snippet: The spectra of the secondary structure of the Bambara groundnut protein were analysed using the OriginLab® Software (version 8.5).

    Techniques:

    Effects of protein hydrolysis of moisture conditioned (20 and 53 %) and heat-treated  Bambara groundnut  seeds on the moisture and protein composition of resulting flours run with enzyme.

    Journal: Heliyon

    Article Title: Influence of protein in low paste viscosities of Bambara groundnut flours from heat-treated Bambara groundnut seeds

    doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40093

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of protein hydrolysis of moisture conditioned (20 and 53 %) and heat-treated Bambara groundnut seeds on the moisture and protein composition of resulting flours run with enzyme.

    Article Snippet: The spectra of the secondary structure of the Bambara groundnut protein were analysed using the OriginLab® Software (version 8.5).

    Techniques:

    Effect of protein hydrolysis of resulting flours from infrared, microwaved processing alone and in combination of Bambara groundnut seeds at 20 % moisture on viscosity during pasting. RUT-raw seeds, C20- 20 % moisture, 20IR5- 5 min infrared, 20IR10-10 min infrared, 20MW5- 5 min microwave, 20MW10 - 10 min microwave, 20COM5- 5 min combined, 20COM10- 10 min combined.

    Journal: Heliyon

    Article Title: Influence of protein in low paste viscosities of Bambara groundnut flours from heat-treated Bambara groundnut seeds

    doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40093

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of protein hydrolysis of resulting flours from infrared, microwaved processing alone and in combination of Bambara groundnut seeds at 20 % moisture on viscosity during pasting. RUT-raw seeds, C20- 20 % moisture, 20IR5- 5 min infrared, 20IR10-10 min infrared, 20MW5- 5 min microwave, 20MW10 - 10 min microwave, 20COM5- 5 min combined, 20COM10- 10 min combined.

    Article Snippet: The spectra of the secondary structure of the Bambara groundnut protein were analysed using the OriginLab® Software (version 8.5).

    Techniques: Viscosity

    Effect of protein hydrolysis of resulting flours from infrared, microwaved processing alone and in combination of Bambara groundnut seeds at 20 % moisture on viscosity during pasting. RUT-raw seeds, C53- 53 % moisture, 53IR5- 5 min infrared, 53IR10-10 min infrared, 53MW5- 5 min microwave, 53MW10- 10 min microwave, 53COM5- 5 min combined, 53COM10- 10 min combined.

    Journal: Heliyon

    Article Title: Influence of protein in low paste viscosities of Bambara groundnut flours from heat-treated Bambara groundnut seeds

    doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40093

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of protein hydrolysis of resulting flours from infrared, microwaved processing alone and in combination of Bambara groundnut seeds at 20 % moisture on viscosity during pasting. RUT-raw seeds, C53- 53 % moisture, 53IR5- 5 min infrared, 53IR10-10 min infrared, 53MW5- 5 min microwave, 53MW10- 10 min microwave, 53COM5- 5 min combined, 53COM10- 10 min combined.

    Article Snippet: The spectra of the secondary structure of the Bambara groundnut protein were analysed using the OriginLab® Software (version 8.5).

    Techniques: Viscosity

    Effect of trypsin on protein hydrolysis of resulting flours from infrared, microwaved processing alone and in combination of Bambara groundnut seeds at 20 % moisture on viscosity during pasting. RUT-raw seeds, C20- 20 % moisture, 20IR5- 5 min infrared, 20IR10-10 min infrared, 20MW5- 5 min microwave, 20MW10 - 10 min microwave, 20COM5- 5 min combined, 20COM10- 10 min combined.

    Journal: Heliyon

    Article Title: Influence of protein in low paste viscosities of Bambara groundnut flours from heat-treated Bambara groundnut seeds

    doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40093

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of trypsin on protein hydrolysis of resulting flours from infrared, microwaved processing alone and in combination of Bambara groundnut seeds at 20 % moisture on viscosity during pasting. RUT-raw seeds, C20- 20 % moisture, 20IR5- 5 min infrared, 20IR10-10 min infrared, 20MW5- 5 min microwave, 20MW10 - 10 min microwave, 20COM5- 5 min combined, 20COM10- 10 min combined.

    Article Snippet: The spectra of the secondary structure of the Bambara groundnut protein were analysed using the OriginLab® Software (version 8.5).

    Techniques: Viscosity

    Effect of trypsin on protein hydrolysis of resulting flours from infrared, microwaved processing alone and in combination of Bambara groundnut seeds at 20 % and 53 % moisture on viscosity during pasting. RUT-raw seeds, C53- 53 % moisture, 53IR5- 5 min infrared, 53IR10-10 min infrared, 53MW5- 5 min microwave, 53MW10- 10 min microwave, 53COM5- 5 min combined, 53COM10- 10 min combined.

    Journal: Heliyon

    Article Title: Influence of protein in low paste viscosities of Bambara groundnut flours from heat-treated Bambara groundnut seeds

    doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40093

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of trypsin on protein hydrolysis of resulting flours from infrared, microwaved processing alone and in combination of Bambara groundnut seeds at 20 % and 53 % moisture on viscosity during pasting. RUT-raw seeds, C53- 53 % moisture, 53IR5- 5 min infrared, 53IR10-10 min infrared, 53MW5- 5 min microwave, 53MW10- 10 min microwave, 53COM5- 5 min combined, 53COM10- 10 min combined.

    Article Snippet: The spectra of the secondary structure of the Bambara groundnut protein were analysed using the OriginLab® Software (version 8.5).

    Techniques: Viscosity

    Combined heat-treated samples before protein hydrolysis. Light micrographs under polarised light and unstained of resulting flours from untreated, combined infrared and microwave heat-treated paste and flour samples of Bambara groundnut seeds moisture conditioned (20 and 53 % moisture). Samples were heat-treated for 0, 5, and 10 min. Before protein hydrolysis micrographs show aggregates. 1-light unstained, 2-polirised light, 3-Iodine stained, 4- pasted unstained, 5-pasted and iodine stained. Bar = 50 μm. Arrows indicating aggregates in combined microwaved and infrared flours and pastes.

    Journal: Heliyon

    Article Title: Influence of protein in low paste viscosities of Bambara groundnut flours from heat-treated Bambara groundnut seeds

    doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40093

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Combined heat-treated samples before protein hydrolysis. Light micrographs under polarised light and unstained of resulting flours from untreated, combined infrared and microwave heat-treated paste and flour samples of Bambara groundnut seeds moisture conditioned (20 and 53 % moisture). Samples were heat-treated for 0, 5, and 10 min. Before protein hydrolysis micrographs show aggregates. 1-light unstained, 2-polirised light, 3-Iodine stained, 4- pasted unstained, 5-pasted and iodine stained. Bar = 50 μm. Arrows indicating aggregates in combined microwaved and infrared flours and pastes.

    Article Snippet: The spectra of the secondary structure of the Bambara groundnut protein were analysed using the OriginLab® Software (version 8.5).

    Techniques: Staining

    Light micrographs under polarised light, iodine stained and unstained of resulting flours from untreated, infrared heat-treated paste and flour samples of Bambara groundnut seeds moisture conditioned (20 and 53 % moisture). Samples were heat-treated for 0, 5, and 10 min. Protein hydrolysis resulted in disappearance of aggregates. 1-light unstained, 2-polirised light, 3-Iodine stained, 4- pasted unstained, 5-pasted and iodine stained. Bar = 50 μm. Arrows indicating aggregates in combined microwaved and infrared flours and pastes.

    Journal: Heliyon

    Article Title: Influence of protein in low paste viscosities of Bambara groundnut flours from heat-treated Bambara groundnut seeds

    doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40093

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Light micrographs under polarised light, iodine stained and unstained of resulting flours from untreated, infrared heat-treated paste and flour samples of Bambara groundnut seeds moisture conditioned (20 and 53 % moisture). Samples were heat-treated for 0, 5, and 10 min. Protein hydrolysis resulted in disappearance of aggregates. 1-light unstained, 2-polirised light, 3-Iodine stained, 4- pasted unstained, 5-pasted and iodine stained. Bar = 50 μm. Arrows indicating aggregates in combined microwaved and infrared flours and pastes.

    Article Snippet: The spectra of the secondary structure of the Bambara groundnut protein were analysed using the OriginLab® Software (version 8.5).

    Techniques: Staining

    Light micrographs under polarised light, iodine stained and unstained of resulting flours from untreated, infrared heat-treated paste and flour samples of Bambara groundnut seeds moisture conditioned (20 and 53 % moisture). Samples were heat-treated for 0, 5, and 10 min. Protein hydrolysis resulted in disappearance of aggregates. 1-light unstained, 2-polirised light, 3-Iodine stained, 4- pasted unstained, 5-pasted and iodine stained. Bar = 50 μm. Arrows indicating aggregates in combined microwaved and infrared flours and pastes.

    Journal: Heliyon

    Article Title: Influence of protein in low paste viscosities of Bambara groundnut flours from heat-treated Bambara groundnut seeds

    doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40093

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Light micrographs under polarised light, iodine stained and unstained of resulting flours from untreated, infrared heat-treated paste and flour samples of Bambara groundnut seeds moisture conditioned (20 and 53 % moisture). Samples were heat-treated for 0, 5, and 10 min. Protein hydrolysis resulted in disappearance of aggregates. 1-light unstained, 2-polirised light, 3-Iodine stained, 4- pasted unstained, 5-pasted and iodine stained. Bar = 50 μm. Arrows indicating aggregates in combined microwaved and infrared flours and pastes.

    Article Snippet: The spectra of the secondary structure of the Bambara groundnut protein were analysed using the OriginLab® Software (version 8.5).

    Techniques: Staining

    Light micrographs under polarised light, iodine stained and unstained of resulting flours from untreated, microwave heat-treated paste and flour samples of Bambara groundnut seeds moisture conditioned (20 and 53 % moisture). Samples were heat-treated for 0, 5, and 10 min. Protein hydrolysis resulted in disappearance of aggregates. 1-light unstained, 2-polirised light, 3-Iodine stained, 4- pasted unstained, 5-pasted and iodine stained. Bar = 50 μm. Arrows indicating aggregates in combined microwaved and infrared flours and pastes.

    Journal: Heliyon

    Article Title: Influence of protein in low paste viscosities of Bambara groundnut flours from heat-treated Bambara groundnut seeds

    doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40093

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Light micrographs under polarised light, iodine stained and unstained of resulting flours from untreated, microwave heat-treated paste and flour samples of Bambara groundnut seeds moisture conditioned (20 and 53 % moisture). Samples were heat-treated for 0, 5, and 10 min. Protein hydrolysis resulted in disappearance of aggregates. 1-light unstained, 2-polirised light, 3-Iodine stained, 4- pasted unstained, 5-pasted and iodine stained. Bar = 50 μm. Arrows indicating aggregates in combined microwaved and infrared flours and pastes.

    Article Snippet: The spectra of the secondary structure of the Bambara groundnut protein were analysed using the OriginLab® Software (version 8.5).

    Techniques: Staining

    Light micrographs under polarised light, iodine stained and unstained of resulting flours from untreated, microwave heat-treated paste and flour samples of Bambara groundnut seeds moisture conditioned (20 and 53 % moisture). Samples were heat-treated for 0, 5, and 10 min. Protein hydrolysis resulted in disappearance of aggregates. 1-light unstained, 2-polirised light, 3-Iodine stained, 4- pasted unstained, 5-pasted and iodine stained. Bar = 50 μm. Arrows indicating aggregates in combined microwaved and infrared flours and pastes.

    Journal: Heliyon

    Article Title: Influence of protein in low paste viscosities of Bambara groundnut flours from heat-treated Bambara groundnut seeds

    doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40093

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Light micrographs under polarised light, iodine stained and unstained of resulting flours from untreated, microwave heat-treated paste and flour samples of Bambara groundnut seeds moisture conditioned (20 and 53 % moisture). Samples were heat-treated for 0, 5, and 10 min. Protein hydrolysis resulted in disappearance of aggregates. 1-light unstained, 2-polirised light, 3-Iodine stained, 4- pasted unstained, 5-pasted and iodine stained. Bar = 50 μm. Arrows indicating aggregates in combined microwaved and infrared flours and pastes.

    Article Snippet: The spectra of the secondary structure of the Bambara groundnut protein were analysed using the OriginLab® Software (version 8.5).

    Techniques: Staining

    Light micrographs under polarised light, iodine stained and unstained of resulting flours from untreated, combined infrared and microwave heat-treated paste and flour samples of Bambara groundnut seeds moisture conditioned (20 and 53 % moisture). Samples were heat-treated for 0, 5, and 10 min. Protein hydrolysis resulted in disappearance of aggregates. 1-light unstained, 2-polirised light, 3-Iodine stained, 4- pasted unstained, 5-pasted and iodine stained. Bar = 50 μm. Arrows indicating aggregates in combined microwaved and infrared flours and pastes.

    Journal: Heliyon

    Article Title: Influence of protein in low paste viscosities of Bambara groundnut flours from heat-treated Bambara groundnut seeds

    doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40093

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Light micrographs under polarised light, iodine stained and unstained of resulting flours from untreated, combined infrared and microwave heat-treated paste and flour samples of Bambara groundnut seeds moisture conditioned (20 and 53 % moisture). Samples were heat-treated for 0, 5, and 10 min. Protein hydrolysis resulted in disappearance of aggregates. 1-light unstained, 2-polirised light, 3-Iodine stained, 4- pasted unstained, 5-pasted and iodine stained. Bar = 50 μm. Arrows indicating aggregates in combined microwaved and infrared flours and pastes.

    Article Snippet: The spectra of the secondary structure of the Bambara groundnut protein were analysed using the OriginLab® Software (version 8.5).

    Techniques: Staining

    Light micrographs under polarised light, iodine stained and unstained of resulting flours from untreated, combined infrared and microwave heat-treated paste and flour samples of Bambara groundnut seeds moisture conditioned (20 and 53 % moisture). Samples were heat-treated for 0, 5, and 10 min. Protein hydrolysis using trypsin resulted in disappearance of aggregates. 1-light unstained, 2-polirised light, 3-Iodine stained, 4- pasted unstained, 5-pasted and iodine stained. Bar = 50 μm. Arrows indicating aggregates in combined microwaved and infrared flours and pastes.

    Journal: Heliyon

    Article Title: Influence of protein in low paste viscosities of Bambara groundnut flours from heat-treated Bambara groundnut seeds

    doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40093

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Light micrographs under polarised light, iodine stained and unstained of resulting flours from untreated, combined infrared and microwave heat-treated paste and flour samples of Bambara groundnut seeds moisture conditioned (20 and 53 % moisture). Samples were heat-treated for 0, 5, and 10 min. Protein hydrolysis using trypsin resulted in disappearance of aggregates. 1-light unstained, 2-polirised light, 3-Iodine stained, 4- pasted unstained, 5-pasted and iodine stained. Bar = 50 μm. Arrows indicating aggregates in combined microwaved and infrared flours and pastes.

    Article Snippet: The spectra of the secondary structure of the Bambara groundnut protein were analysed using the OriginLab® Software (version 8.5).

    Techniques: Staining

    Effects of heat treatment methods of moisture conditioned (20 and 53 %)  Bambara groundnut  seeds under buffer conditions on thermal profiles of resulting flours.

    Journal: Heliyon

    Article Title: Influence of protein in low paste viscosities of Bambara groundnut flours from heat-treated Bambara groundnut seeds

    doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40093

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of heat treatment methods of moisture conditioned (20 and 53 %) Bambara groundnut seeds under buffer conditions on thermal profiles of resulting flours.

    Article Snippet: The spectra of the secondary structure of the Bambara groundnut protein were analysed using the OriginLab® Software (version 8.5).

    Techniques:

    Effects of heat treatment methods of moisture conditioned (20 and 53 %)  Bambara groundnut  seeds on thermal profiles of resulting flours treated with an enzyme. A∗

    Journal: Heliyon

    Article Title: Influence of protein in low paste viscosities of Bambara groundnut flours from heat-treated Bambara groundnut seeds

    doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40093

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of heat treatment methods of moisture conditioned (20 and 53 %) Bambara groundnut seeds on thermal profiles of resulting flours treated with an enzyme. A∗

    Article Snippet: The spectra of the secondary structure of the Bambara groundnut protein were analysed using the OriginLab® Software (version 8.5).

    Techniques:

    A and B: SDS-PAGE under reducing and non-reducing condition of Bambara groundnut seeds of 20 % or 53 % moisture content were heat treated at 130 °C; Treatments were performed at 1200W.A and B:1- Standard proteins, 2- raw seeds, 3–20 % moisture 10 min infrared, 4–53%moisture 10 min infrared, 5–20 % moisture 10 microwave, 6–53 % moisture 10 min microwave, 7–20 % moisture,10 min combined, 8–53 % moisture 10 min combined. C depicts SDS-PAGE under non reducing conditions of 20 % and 53 % Bambara groundnut seed flours after protein hydrolysis with trypsin.

    Journal: Heliyon

    Article Title: Influence of protein in low paste viscosities of Bambara groundnut flours from heat-treated Bambara groundnut seeds

    doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40093

    Figure Lengend Snippet: A and B: SDS-PAGE under reducing and non-reducing condition of Bambara groundnut seeds of 20 % or 53 % moisture content were heat treated at 130 °C; Treatments were performed at 1200W.A and B:1- Standard proteins, 2- raw seeds, 3–20 % moisture 10 min infrared, 4–53%moisture 10 min infrared, 5–20 % moisture 10 microwave, 6–53 % moisture 10 min microwave, 7–20 % moisture,10 min combined, 8–53 % moisture 10 min combined. C depicts SDS-PAGE under non reducing conditions of 20 % and 53 % Bambara groundnut seed flours after protein hydrolysis with trypsin.

    Article Snippet: The spectra of the secondary structure of the Bambara groundnut protein were analysed using the OriginLab® Software (version 8.5).

    Techniques: SDS Page

    Effect of heat treatment using infrared, microwave and a combined treatment on Deconvoluted peaks of Amide I region of Bambara protein. RUT-raw seeds, C20- 20 % moisture, 20IR5- 5 min infrared, 20IR10-10 min infrared, 20MW5- 5 min microwave, 20MW10 - 10 min microwave, 20COM5- 5 min combined, 20COM10- 10 min combined. B.

    Journal: Heliyon

    Article Title: Influence of protein in low paste viscosities of Bambara groundnut flours from heat-treated Bambara groundnut seeds

    doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40093

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of heat treatment using infrared, microwave and a combined treatment on Deconvoluted peaks of Amide I region of Bambara protein. RUT-raw seeds, C20- 20 % moisture, 20IR5- 5 min infrared, 20IR10-10 min infrared, 20MW5- 5 min microwave, 20MW10 - 10 min microwave, 20COM5- 5 min combined, 20COM10- 10 min combined. B.

    Article Snippet: The spectra of the secondary structure of the Bambara groundnut protein were analysed using the OriginLab® Software (version 8.5).

    Techniques:

    Effect of heat treatment using infrared, microwave and a combined treatment on Deconvoluted peaks of Amide I region of Bambara protein. A. RUT-raw seeds, C53- 53 % moisture, 53IR5- 5 min infrared, 53IR10-10 min infrared, 53MW5- 5 min microwave, 53MW10- 10 min microwave, 53COM5- 5 min combined, 53COM10- 10 min combined.

    Journal: Heliyon

    Article Title: Influence of protein in low paste viscosities of Bambara groundnut flours from heat-treated Bambara groundnut seeds

    doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40093

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of heat treatment using infrared, microwave and a combined treatment on Deconvoluted peaks of Amide I region of Bambara protein. A. RUT-raw seeds, C53- 53 % moisture, 53IR5- 5 min infrared, 53IR10-10 min infrared, 53MW5- 5 min microwave, 53MW10- 10 min microwave, 53COM5- 5 min combined, 53COM10- 10 min combined.

    Article Snippet: The spectra of the secondary structure of the Bambara groundnut protein were analysed using the OriginLab® Software (version 8.5).

    Techniques: