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reference strain mrsa atcc 43300  (ATCC)


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    Structured Review

    ATCC reference strain mrsa atcc 43300
    Antibacterial activity of BUN against MRSA. A Chemical structure of bunamidine hydrochloride (BUN). B MIC determinations of BUN against MRSA <t>ATCC</t> <t>43300</t> and USA300 in MH and TSB media. C XTT assays showing concentration-dependent inhibition of metabolic activity by BUN. D Comparison of OD 630 changes over time between BUN and the bacteriostatic comparator LZD. E Time-kill kinetics demonstrating concentration-dependent bactericidal activity of BUN. F Live/dead staining of MRSA using SYTO9/PI probes after 2 h exposure to BUN. G Quantification of PI-positive (dead) cells following BUN treatment. Data are presented as mean ± SD from at least three independent experiments. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA with post hoc comparisons; ns, not significant; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001
    Reference Strain Mrsa Atcc 43300, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 3606 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/reference+mrsa+strain/Staphylococcus+aureus%3B+subsp%2E+aureus/pmc12965964-205-14-17
    Average 99 stars, based on 3606 article reviews
    reference strain mrsa atcc 43300 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    99/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "Repurposed bunamidine disrupts envelope energetics and induces ROS-mediated non-lytic killing"

    Article Title: Repurposed bunamidine disrupts envelope energetics and induces ROS-mediated non-lytic killing

    Journal: AMB Express

    doi: 10.1186/s13568-026-02016-6

    Antibacterial activity of BUN against MRSA. A Chemical structure of bunamidine hydrochloride (BUN). B MIC determinations of BUN against MRSA ATCC 43300 and USA300 in MH and TSB media. C XTT assays showing concentration-dependent inhibition of metabolic activity by BUN. D Comparison of OD 630 changes over time between BUN and the bacteriostatic comparator LZD. E Time-kill kinetics demonstrating concentration-dependent bactericidal activity of BUN. F Live/dead staining of MRSA using SYTO9/PI probes after 2 h exposure to BUN. G Quantification of PI-positive (dead) cells following BUN treatment. Data are presented as mean ± SD from at least three independent experiments. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA with post hoc comparisons; ns, not significant; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001
    Figure Legend Snippet: Antibacterial activity of BUN against MRSA. A Chemical structure of bunamidine hydrochloride (BUN). B MIC determinations of BUN against MRSA ATCC 43300 and USA300 in MH and TSB media. C XTT assays showing concentration-dependent inhibition of metabolic activity by BUN. D Comparison of OD 630 changes over time between BUN and the bacteriostatic comparator LZD. E Time-kill kinetics demonstrating concentration-dependent bactericidal activity of BUN. F Live/dead staining of MRSA using SYTO9/PI probes after 2 h exposure to BUN. G Quantification of PI-positive (dead) cells following BUN treatment. Data are presented as mean ± SD from at least three independent experiments. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA with post hoc comparisons; ns, not significant; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001

    Techniques Used: Activity Assay, Concentration Assay, Inhibition, Comparison, Staining

    Antibiofilm and anti-persister activity of BUN against MRSA. A , B Biofilm inhibition ( A ) and eradication ( B ) of MRSA ATCC 43300 determined by CV (biomass) and XTT (metabolic activity) assays after exposure to BUN (0–16 µg/mL) in TSBg for 24 h. Statistical significance was evaluated by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s test versus control (ns, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001). C , D CLSM images of biofilms stained with SYTO9 (green) and PI (red) under inhibition ( C ) and eradication ( D ) conditions following BUN treatment (4 or 8 µg/mL). Scale bars, 20 µm. E , F Quantification of live/dead cell ratios from representative CLSM fields. G Time-kill curves of biofilm-associated persister cells from MRSA ATCC 43300 and USA300 challenged with BUN (4 µg/mL) or comparators [VAN and DAP, 10 × MIC]. Dashed line indicates the limit of detection. Data are presented as mean ± SD from independent experiments
    Figure Legend Snippet: Antibiofilm and anti-persister activity of BUN against MRSA. A , B Biofilm inhibition ( A ) and eradication ( B ) of MRSA ATCC 43300 determined by CV (biomass) and XTT (metabolic activity) assays after exposure to BUN (0–16 µg/mL) in TSBg for 24 h. Statistical significance was evaluated by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s test versus control (ns, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001). C , D CLSM images of biofilms stained with SYTO9 (green) and PI (red) under inhibition ( C ) and eradication ( D ) conditions following BUN treatment (4 or 8 µg/mL). Scale bars, 20 µm. E , F Quantification of live/dead cell ratios from representative CLSM fields. G Time-kill curves of biofilm-associated persister cells from MRSA ATCC 43300 and USA300 challenged with BUN (4 µg/mL) or comparators [VAN and DAP, 10 × MIC]. Dashed line indicates the limit of detection. Data are presented as mean ± SD from independent experiments

    Techniques Used: Activity Assay, Inhibition, Control, Staining

    Structural perturbation, hemolytic assessment, and ROS involvement in BUN activity. A Transmission electron microscopy images of MRSA ATCC 43300 showing morphological changes after BUN treatment compared with untreated controls. B Hemolysis of freshly isolated human red blood cells in the presence of BUN. Hemoglobin release was measured spectrophotometrically. C Effect of glutathione (GSH) supplementation on the MIC of BUN against MRSA ATCC 43300 and USA300. D Confocal fluorescence imaging of intracellular ROS in MRSA ATCC 43300 using DCFH-DA probe, with or without GSH supplementation. Bright-field images are shown for comparison. Scale: 200 μm
    Figure Legend Snippet: Structural perturbation, hemolytic assessment, and ROS involvement in BUN activity. A Transmission electron microscopy images of MRSA ATCC 43300 showing morphological changes after BUN treatment compared with untreated controls. B Hemolysis of freshly isolated human red blood cells in the presence of BUN. Hemoglobin release was measured spectrophotometrically. C Effect of glutathione (GSH) supplementation on the MIC of BUN against MRSA ATCC 43300 and USA300. D Confocal fluorescence imaging of intracellular ROS in MRSA ATCC 43300 using DCFH-DA probe, with or without GSH supplementation. Bright-field images are shown for comparison. Scale: 200 μm

    Techniques Used: Activity Assay, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Isolation, Fluorescence, Imaging, Comparison

    Related Articles

    Positive Control:

    Article Title: Rotating Magnetic Field Increases β-Lactam Antibiotic Susceptibility of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains
    Article Snippet: The reference MRSA strain (ATCC 33591) and two clinical isolates (namely MRSA 1 and MRSA 2) were selected for the first phase of the analyses, which aimed to assess the changes in the aforementioned strains’ susceptibility to cefoxitin in the presence of RMF.

    Article Title:
    Article Snippet: The following language should be included in the product package insert to address this issue: “A reference MRSA strain (e.g. ATCC 43300) or a well characterized MRSA clinical isolate may be used as a positive SPC; MRSA MREJ type iii and vii strains, if available, may be used as additional positive SPC, to monitor assay probes and primers not directly controlled in the assay.

    Sequencing:

    Article Title: Rotating Magnetic Field Increases β-Lactam Antibiotic Susceptibility of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains
    Article Snippet: The reference MRSA strain (ATCC 33591) and two clinical isolates (namely MRSA 1 and MRSA 2) were selected for the first phase of the analyses, which aimed to assess the changes in the aforementioned strains’ susceptibility to cefoxitin in the presence of RMF.

    Article Title:
    Article Snippet: The following language should be included in the product package insert to address this issue: “A reference MRSA strain (e.g. ATCC 43300) or a well characterized MRSA clinical isolate may be used as a positive SPC; MRSA MREJ type iii and vii strains, if available, may be used as additional positive SPC, to monitor assay probes and primers not directly controlled in the assay.

    Inhibition:

    Article Title: Rotating Magnetic Field Increases β-Lactam Antibiotic Susceptibility of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains
    Article Snippet: The reference MRSA strain (ATCC 33591) and two clinical isolates (namely MRSA 1 and MRSA 2) were selected for the first phase of the analyses, which aimed to assess the changes in the aforementioned strains’ susceptibility to cefoxitin in the presence of RMF.

    Article Title:
    Article Snippet: The following language should be included in the product package insert to address this issue: “A reference MRSA strain (e.g. ATCC 43300) or a well characterized MRSA clinical isolate may be used as a positive SPC; MRSA MREJ type iii and vii strains, if available, may be used as additional positive SPC, to monitor assay probes and primers not directly controlled in the assay.

    Control:

    Article Title: Rotating Magnetic Field Increases β-Lactam Antibiotic Susceptibility of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains
    Article Snippet: The reference MRSA strain (ATCC 33591) and two clinical isolates (namely MRSA 1 and MRSA 2) were selected for the first phase of the analyses, which aimed to assess the changes in the aforementioned strains’ susceptibility to cefoxitin in the presence of RMF.

    Article Title:
    Article Snippet: The following language should be included in the product package insert to address this issue: “A reference MRSA strain (e.g. ATCC 43300) or a well characterized MRSA clinical isolate may be used as a positive SPC; MRSA MREJ type iii and vii strains, if available, may be used as additional positive SPC, to monitor assay probes and primers not directly controlled in the assay.

    Fluorescence:

    Article Title: Rotating Magnetic Field Increases β-Lactam Antibiotic Susceptibility of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains
    Article Snippet: The reference MRSA strain (ATCC 33591) and two clinical isolates (namely MRSA 1 and MRSA 2) were selected for the first phase of the analyses, which aimed to assess the changes in the aforementioned strains’ susceptibility to cefoxitin in the presence of RMF.

    Article Title:
    Article Snippet: The following language should be included in the product package insert to address this issue: “A reference MRSA strain (e.g. ATCC 43300) or a well characterized MRSA clinical isolate may be used as a positive SPC; MRSA MREJ type iii and vii strains, if available, may be used as additional positive SPC, to monitor assay probes and primers not directly controlled in the assay.

    Isolation:

    Article Title: Rotating Magnetic Field Increases β-Lactam Antibiotic Susceptibility of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains
    Article Snippet: The reference MRSA strain (ATCC 33591) and two clinical isolates (namely MRSA 1 and MRSA 2) were selected for the first phase of the analyses, which aimed to assess the changes in the aforementioned strains’ susceptibility to cefoxitin in the presence of RMF.

    Article Title:
    Article Snippet: The following language should be included in the product package insert to address this issue: “A reference MRSA strain (e.g. ATCC 43300) or a well characterized MRSA clinical isolate may be used as a positive SPC; MRSA MREJ type iii and vii strains, if available, may be used as additional positive SPC, to monitor assay probes and primers not directly controlled in the assay.

    Negative Control:

    Article Title: Rotating Magnetic Field Increases β-Lactam Antibiotic Susceptibility of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains
    Article Snippet: The reference MRSA strain (ATCC 33591) and two clinical isolates (namely MRSA 1 and MRSA 2) were selected for the first phase of the analyses, which aimed to assess the changes in the aforementioned strains’ susceptibility to cefoxitin in the presence of RMF.

    Article Title:
    Article Snippet: The following language should be included in the product package insert to address this issue: “A reference MRSA strain (e.g. ATCC 43300) or a well characterized MRSA clinical isolate may be used as a positive SPC; MRSA MREJ type iii and vii strains, if available, may be used as additional positive SPC, to monitor assay probes and primers not directly controlled in the assay.

    Concentration Assay:

    Article Title: Rotating Magnetic Field Increases β-Lactam Antibiotic Susceptibility of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains
    Article Snippet: The reference MRSA strain (ATCC 33591) and two clinical isolates (namely MRSA 1 and MRSA 2) were selected for the first phase of the analyses, which aimed to assess the changes in the aforementioned strains’ susceptibility to cefoxitin in the presence of RMF.

    Article Title:
    Article Snippet: The following language should be included in the product package insert to address this issue: “A reference MRSA strain (e.g. ATCC 43300) or a well characterized MRSA clinical isolate may be used as a positive SPC; MRSA MREJ type iii and vii strains, if available, may be used as additional positive SPC, to monitor assay probes and primers not directly controlled in the assay.

    Infection:

    Article Title: Rotating Magnetic Field Increases β-Lactam Antibiotic Susceptibility of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains
    Article Snippet: The reference MRSA strain (ATCC 33591) and two clinical isolates (namely MRSA 1 and MRSA 2) were selected for the first phase of the analyses, which aimed to assess the changes in the aforementioned strains’ susceptibility to cefoxitin in the presence of RMF.

    Article Title:
    Article Snippet: The following language should be included in the product package insert to address this issue: “A reference MRSA strain (e.g. ATCC 43300) or a well characterized MRSA clinical isolate may be used as a positive SPC; MRSA MREJ type iii and vii strains, if available, may be used as additional positive SPC, to monitor assay probes and primers not directly controlled in the assay.



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    ATCC reference strain mrsa atcc 43300
    Antibacterial activity of BUN against MRSA. A Chemical structure of bunamidine hydrochloride (BUN). B MIC determinations of BUN against MRSA <t>ATCC</t> <t>43300</t> and USA300 in MH and TSB media. C XTT assays showing concentration-dependent inhibition of metabolic activity by BUN. D Comparison of OD 630 changes over time between BUN and the bacteriostatic comparator LZD. E Time-kill kinetics demonstrating concentration-dependent bactericidal activity of BUN. F Live/dead staining of MRSA using SYTO9/PI probes after 2 h exposure to BUN. G Quantification of PI-positive (dead) cells following BUN treatment. Data are presented as mean ± SD from at least three independent experiments. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA with post hoc comparisons; ns, not significant; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001
    Reference Strain Mrsa Atcc 43300, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/reference+mrsa+strain/Staphylococcus+aureus%3B+subsp%2E+aureus/pmc12965964-205-14-17
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    ATCC mrsa reference strain atcc 43300
    Antibacterial activity of BUN against MRSA. A Chemical structure of bunamidine hydrochloride (BUN). B MIC determinations of BUN against MRSA <t>ATCC</t> <t>43300</t> and USA300 in MH and TSB media. C XTT assays showing concentration-dependent inhibition of metabolic activity by BUN. D Comparison of OD 630 changes over time between BUN and the bacteriostatic comparator LZD. E Time-kill kinetics demonstrating concentration-dependent bactericidal activity of BUN. F Live/dead staining of MRSA using SYTO9/PI probes after 2 h exposure to BUN. G Quantification of PI-positive (dead) cells following BUN treatment. Data are presented as mean ± SD from at least three independent experiments. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA with post hoc comparisons; ns, not significant; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001
    Mrsa Reference Strain Atcc 43300, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/reference+mrsa+strain/Staphylococcus+aureus%3B+subsp%2E+aureus/pm41400929-34-11-14
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      Buy from Supplier

    99
    ATCC reference strains mrsa atcc 43300
    Antibacterial activity of BUN against MRSA. A Chemical structure of bunamidine hydrochloride (BUN). B MIC determinations of BUN against MRSA <t>ATCC</t> <t>43300</t> and USA300 in MH and TSB media. C XTT assays showing concentration-dependent inhibition of metabolic activity by BUN. D Comparison of OD 630 changes over time between BUN and the bacteriostatic comparator LZD. E Time-kill kinetics demonstrating concentration-dependent bactericidal activity of BUN. F Live/dead staining of MRSA using SYTO9/PI probes after 2 h exposure to BUN. G Quantification of PI-positive (dead) cells following BUN treatment. Data are presented as mean ± SD from at least three independent experiments. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA with post hoc comparisons; ns, not significant; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001
    Reference Strains Mrsa Atcc 43300, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/reference+mrsa+strain/Staphylococcus+aureus%3B+subsp%2E+aureus/pmc12566002-275-4-7
    Average 99 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    reference strains mrsa atcc 43300 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    99/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

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    ATCC reference mrsa strain
    Antibacterial activity of BUN against MRSA. A Chemical structure of bunamidine hydrochloride (BUN). B MIC determinations of BUN against MRSA <t>ATCC</t> <t>43300</t> and USA300 in MH and TSB media. C XTT assays showing concentration-dependent inhibition of metabolic activity by BUN. D Comparison of OD 630 changes over time between BUN and the bacteriostatic comparator LZD. E Time-kill kinetics demonstrating concentration-dependent bactericidal activity of BUN. F Live/dead staining of MRSA using SYTO9/PI probes after 2 h exposure to BUN. G Quantification of PI-positive (dead) cells following BUN treatment. Data are presented as mean ± SD from at least three independent experiments. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA with post hoc comparisons; ns, not significant; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001
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    ATCC reference strain mrsa atcc
    Antibacterial activity of BUN against MRSA. A Chemical structure of bunamidine hydrochloride (BUN). B MIC determinations of BUN against MRSA <t>ATCC</t> <t>43300</t> and USA300 in MH and TSB media. C XTT assays showing concentration-dependent inhibition of metabolic activity by BUN. D Comparison of OD 630 changes over time between BUN and the bacteriostatic comparator LZD. E Time-kill kinetics demonstrating concentration-dependent bactericidal activity of BUN. F Live/dead staining of MRSA using SYTO9/PI probes after 2 h exposure to BUN. G Quantification of PI-positive (dead) cells following BUN treatment. Data are presented as mean ± SD from at least three independent experiments. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA with post hoc comparisons; ns, not significant; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001
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    Image Search Results


    Antibacterial activity of BUN against MRSA. A Chemical structure of bunamidine hydrochloride (BUN). B MIC determinations of BUN against MRSA ATCC 43300 and USA300 in MH and TSB media. C XTT assays showing concentration-dependent inhibition of metabolic activity by BUN. D Comparison of OD 630 changes over time between BUN and the bacteriostatic comparator LZD. E Time-kill kinetics demonstrating concentration-dependent bactericidal activity of BUN. F Live/dead staining of MRSA using SYTO9/PI probes after 2 h exposure to BUN. G Quantification of PI-positive (dead) cells following BUN treatment. Data are presented as mean ± SD from at least three independent experiments. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA with post hoc comparisons; ns, not significant; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001

    Journal: AMB Express

    Article Title: Repurposed bunamidine disrupts envelope energetics and induces ROS-mediated non-lytic killing

    doi: 10.1186/s13568-026-02016-6

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Antibacterial activity of BUN against MRSA. A Chemical structure of bunamidine hydrochloride (BUN). B MIC determinations of BUN against MRSA ATCC 43300 and USA300 in MH and TSB media. C XTT assays showing concentration-dependent inhibition of metabolic activity by BUN. D Comparison of OD 630 changes over time between BUN and the bacteriostatic comparator LZD. E Time-kill kinetics demonstrating concentration-dependent bactericidal activity of BUN. F Live/dead staining of MRSA using SYTO9/PI probes after 2 h exposure to BUN. G Quantification of PI-positive (dead) cells following BUN treatment. Data are presented as mean ± SD from at least three independent experiments. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA with post hoc comparisons; ns, not significant; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001

    Article Snippet: Time-kill assays demonstrated that BUN at 4 μg/mL eradicated persister cells of both the reference strain MRSA ATCC 43300 and the clinically relevant MRSA USA300 isolate within 2 h, whereas vancomycin and daptomycin, even at 10 × MIC, showed minimal activity under identical conditions (Fig. G).

    Techniques: Activity Assay, Concentration Assay, Inhibition, Comparison, Staining

    Antibiofilm and anti-persister activity of BUN against MRSA. A , B Biofilm inhibition ( A ) and eradication ( B ) of MRSA ATCC 43300 determined by CV (biomass) and XTT (metabolic activity) assays after exposure to BUN (0–16 µg/mL) in TSBg for 24 h. Statistical significance was evaluated by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s test versus control (ns, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001). C , D CLSM images of biofilms stained with SYTO9 (green) and PI (red) under inhibition ( C ) and eradication ( D ) conditions following BUN treatment (4 or 8 µg/mL). Scale bars, 20 µm. E , F Quantification of live/dead cell ratios from representative CLSM fields. G Time-kill curves of biofilm-associated persister cells from MRSA ATCC 43300 and USA300 challenged with BUN (4 µg/mL) or comparators [VAN and DAP, 10 × MIC]. Dashed line indicates the limit of detection. Data are presented as mean ± SD from independent experiments

    Journal: AMB Express

    Article Title: Repurposed bunamidine disrupts envelope energetics and induces ROS-mediated non-lytic killing

    doi: 10.1186/s13568-026-02016-6

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Antibiofilm and anti-persister activity of BUN against MRSA. A , B Biofilm inhibition ( A ) and eradication ( B ) of MRSA ATCC 43300 determined by CV (biomass) and XTT (metabolic activity) assays after exposure to BUN (0–16 µg/mL) in TSBg for 24 h. Statistical significance was evaluated by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s test versus control (ns, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001). C , D CLSM images of biofilms stained with SYTO9 (green) and PI (red) under inhibition ( C ) and eradication ( D ) conditions following BUN treatment (4 or 8 µg/mL). Scale bars, 20 µm. E , F Quantification of live/dead cell ratios from representative CLSM fields. G Time-kill curves of biofilm-associated persister cells from MRSA ATCC 43300 and USA300 challenged with BUN (4 µg/mL) or comparators [VAN and DAP, 10 × MIC]. Dashed line indicates the limit of detection. Data are presented as mean ± SD from independent experiments

    Article Snippet: Time-kill assays demonstrated that BUN at 4 μg/mL eradicated persister cells of both the reference strain MRSA ATCC 43300 and the clinically relevant MRSA USA300 isolate within 2 h, whereas vancomycin and daptomycin, even at 10 × MIC, showed minimal activity under identical conditions (Fig. G).

    Techniques: Activity Assay, Inhibition, Control, Staining

    Structural perturbation, hemolytic assessment, and ROS involvement in BUN activity. A Transmission electron microscopy images of MRSA ATCC 43300 showing morphological changes after BUN treatment compared with untreated controls. B Hemolysis of freshly isolated human red blood cells in the presence of BUN. Hemoglobin release was measured spectrophotometrically. C Effect of glutathione (GSH) supplementation on the MIC of BUN against MRSA ATCC 43300 and USA300. D Confocal fluorescence imaging of intracellular ROS in MRSA ATCC 43300 using DCFH-DA probe, with or without GSH supplementation. Bright-field images are shown for comparison. Scale: 200 μm

    Journal: AMB Express

    Article Title: Repurposed bunamidine disrupts envelope energetics and induces ROS-mediated non-lytic killing

    doi: 10.1186/s13568-026-02016-6

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Structural perturbation, hemolytic assessment, and ROS involvement in BUN activity. A Transmission electron microscopy images of MRSA ATCC 43300 showing morphological changes after BUN treatment compared with untreated controls. B Hemolysis of freshly isolated human red blood cells in the presence of BUN. Hemoglobin release was measured spectrophotometrically. C Effect of glutathione (GSH) supplementation on the MIC of BUN against MRSA ATCC 43300 and USA300. D Confocal fluorescence imaging of intracellular ROS in MRSA ATCC 43300 using DCFH-DA probe, with or without GSH supplementation. Bright-field images are shown for comparison. Scale: 200 μm

    Article Snippet: Time-kill assays demonstrated that BUN at 4 μg/mL eradicated persister cells of both the reference strain MRSA ATCC 43300 and the clinically relevant MRSA USA300 isolate within 2 h, whereas vancomycin and daptomycin, even at 10 × MIC, showed minimal activity under identical conditions (Fig. G).

    Techniques: Activity Assay, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Isolation, Fluorescence, Imaging, Comparison