Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology
Article Title: Pterostilbene attenuates osteoarthritis progression through p53-dependent autophagy activation: evidence from network analysis and experimental validation
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1686555
Figure Lengend Snippet: PT modulates p53 localization, AMPK/mTOR signaling, and autophagy-related markers in chondrocytes. (A) CETSA results assessing the thermal stability of p53 in C28/I2 cells treated with PT or vehicle across a temperature range of 38 °C–70 °C. Representative WB bands are shown above the normalized thermal aggregation curves; (B) Representative immunofluorescence confocal microscopy images illustrating p53 subcellular localization (red) and DAPI-stained nuclei (blue) in chondrocytes across different treatment groups (scale bar = 10 μm); (C) Representative WB bands showing p53 distribution (nuclear, cytoplasmic, and total), the phosphorylation status of AMPK and mTOR, and autophagy markers (LC3 and p62); (D–K) Quantitative analyses of protein expression levels: total p53/GAPDH (D) , nuclear p53/PCNA (E) , cytoplasmic p53/GAPDH (F) , nuclear/cytoplasmic p53 ratio (G) , p-AMPK/AMPK (H) , p-mTOR/mTOR (I) , p62/GAPDH (J) , and the LC3II/I ratio (K) ; (L) Representative TUNEL staining images showing apoptotic cells (red) and nuclei (blue) (scale bar = 50 μm); (M) Quantitative analysis of the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells across groups. Data = mean ± SEM (n = 3). **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. control; ###P < 0.001 vs. IL-1β; †P < 0.05, ††P < 0.01, †††P < 0.001 vs. IL-1β + PT.
Article Snippet: C28/I2 cells were treated with PT (HY-N0828, Lot# 130513, MedChemExpress, Shanghai, China) without further purification.
Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Confocal Microscopy, Staining, Phospho-proteomics, Expressing, TUNEL Assay, Control
