Journal: International Journal of Oncology

Article Title: Upregulation of PD-L1 expression by resveratrol and piceatannol in breast and colorectal cancer cells occurs via HDAC3/p300-mediated NF-κB signaling

doi: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4512

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of dietary polyphenols on programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in human breast and colon cancer cells. (A) Chemical structure of each of the polyphenols tested. (B) The Cal51 human breast cancer cell line and HCT116 colon cancer cell line, were cultured in vitro and treated with increasing concentrations of 5 polyphenols for 48 h, respectively, namely resveratrol (Res), piceatannol (Pic), pterostilbene (PTS), trimethylstilbene (TriMRes) and myricetin. Following treatment, the cells were harvested and stained for the surface expression of PD-L1 by flow cytometry. The geometric mean of mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of phytoerythrin (PE) area was used as the readout of PD-L1. The levels of PD-L1 were converted to a bar graph to represent the respective changes in PD-L1 expression following treatment. The parental condition (also referred to as DMSO-treated, or control cells). Statistical difference reflects the comparison of treated samples to the parental condition. The data shown were from n=3 independent experiments. * P<0.05.

Article Snippet: Pterostilbene and myricetin were from LKT Laboratories (St. Paul, MN, USA) and trimethoxy-resveratrol (trans-3,5,4′-trimethoxystilbene) was from Cayman Chemical Co. (Ann Arbor, MI, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Cell Culture, In Vitro, Staining, Flow Cytometry, Control, Comparison

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Estrogen Receptor-α36 Is Involved in Pterostilbene-Induced Apoptosis and Anti-Proliferation in In Vitro and In Vivo Breast Cancer

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104459

Figure Lengend Snippet: a . ER-α36 mRNA levels were measured in Mb231, Mb231/Si36, MCF-7, and MCF-7/ER36 cells using RT-PCR. b . The relative mRNA expressions are presented as the ratio of the OD of the corresponding mRNA bands compared to the OD of the β-actin bands. c . Western blots of ER-α36 and ER-α66 proteins in Mb231, Mb231/Si36, MCF-7, and MCF-7/ER36 cells using β-actin levels as the loading control. d . MTT assays measuring the cell proliferation of the two paired cells after control and pterostilbene treatments for 72 h. The relative cell numbers were normalized to those of their respective pterostilbene untreated controls (set as 100%). (Bars, SE. * p <0.05, ** p <0.01).

Article Snippet: Pterostilbene was obtained from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany).

Techniques: Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Western Blot, Control

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Estrogen Receptor-α36 Is Involved in Pterostilbene-Induced Apoptosis and Anti-Proliferation in In Vitro and In Vivo Breast Cancer

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104459

Figure Lengend Snippet: a . Apoptosis induction in Mb231, Mb231/Si36, MCF-7, and MCF-7/ER36 cells treated with 30 µM pterostilbene for 72 h was analyzed through flow cytometry (X-Axis: Annexin V; Y-Axis: Propidium iodide, PI). The apoptosis rates are presented as both early and late apoptotic cells compared to total cells. b . Statistical analysis of FACS in ( a ). c . Caspase-3 expression in the two paired cells after control and 30 µM pterostilbene treatment for 72 h. (Means ± SE, ** p <0.01).

Article Snippet: Pterostilbene was obtained from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany).

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Control

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Estrogen Receptor-α36 Is Involved in Pterostilbene-Induced Apoptosis and Anti-Proliferation in In Vitro and In Vivo Breast Cancer

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104459

Figure Lengend Snippet: a . Mb231, Mb231/Si36, MCF-7, and MCF-7/ER36 cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of pterostilbene for 72 h. b Mb231, Mb231/Si36, MCF-7, and MCF-7/ER36 cells were treated with 30 µM pterostilbene for the indicated hours. Changes in p-ERK1/2 and p-Akt protein levels were analyzed through western blotting. The total ERK1/2 and Akt proteins were used as loading controls.

Article Snippet: Pterostilbene was obtained from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany).

Techniques: Western Blot

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Estrogen Receptor-α36 Is Involved in Pterostilbene-Induced Apoptosis and Anti-Proliferation in In Vitro and In Vivo Breast Cancer

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104459

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mb231/Si36 and Mb231 cells were injected into the left and right breast pad, respectively of 5 to 6 weeks old nude mice. When the tumors reached about 50 mm 3 size, the mice were randomly assigned into two groups (n = 3): vehicle control (Veh) and pterostilbene treatment (+Pter). a . Tumor volumes were measured once every two days. Red arrows indicate the timed of pterostilbene administration. b . Tumor weights were calculated and are shown as a plot with the median and whiskers from minimum to maximum. c . The representative images of tumors in each group are shown. d . Paraffin-embedded tissue sections of the above tumors were subjected to H&E staining (X 40, left panels) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining using the antibody against ER-α36 (X 100, right panels). (** p <0.01, NS: no significance).

Article Snippet: Pterostilbene was obtained from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany).

Techniques: Injection, Control, Staining, Immunohistochemical staining, Immunohistochemistry

Journal: Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine

Article Title: A Short-Term Safety Evaluation of Silbinol ® - an Extract from Pterocarpus marsupium in Healthy Adults- a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

doi: 10.1177/2515690X231198312

Figure Lengend Snippet: A: Structure of pterostilbene B: HPLC profile of the Pterocarpus marsupium extract standardized for 90% pterostilbene.

Article Snippet: The Sami-Sabinsa Group provided, a standardized extract containing 90% pterostilbene (Silbinol®) ( ) from P. marsupium (PME) heartwood.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Pterostilbene, a Dimethyl Derivative of Resveratrol, Exerts Cytotoxic Effects on Melanin-Producing Cells through Metabolic Activation by Tyrosinase

doi: 10.3390/ijms25189990

Figure Lengend Snippet: Structures of resveratrol (RES, 1 ) and pterostilbene (PTS, 2 ).

Article Snippet: Pterostilbene (3,5-dimethoxy-4′-hydroxy-trans-stilbene) (PTS, 2 ), resveratrol (RES, 1 ), and piceatannol (RES-catechol), were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industries (Tokyo, Japan).

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Pterostilbene, a Dimethyl Derivative of Resveratrol, Exerts Cytotoxic Effects on Melanin-Producing Cells through Metabolic Activation by Tyrosinase

doi: 10.3390/ijms25189990

Figure Lengend Snippet: Scheme showing the tyrosinase-catalyzed oxidation of pterostilbene (PTS, 2 ) in the absence or presence of a thiol. The oxidation of PTS ( 2 ) gives PTS-quinone ( 3 ) as an immediate product, which rapidly decays. PTS-quinone ( 3 ) is reduced by ascorbic acid (AA) to form PTS-catechol (3′-hydroxyPTS, ( 4 )). The tyrosinase-catalyzed oxidation of PTS ( 2 ) in the presence of the thiol N -acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) affords the di-adduct DiNAC-PTS-catechol ( 5 ) and the tri-adduct TriNAC-PTS-catechol ( 6 ). These thiol adducts were isolated and identified as the NAC adducts; “+” means that DiNAC-PTS-catechol ( 5 ) and TriNAC-PTS-catechol ( 6 ) are produced together.

Article Snippet: Pterostilbene (3,5-dimethoxy-4′-hydroxy-trans-stilbene) (PTS, 2 ), resveratrol (RES, 1 ), and piceatannol (RES-catechol), were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industries (Tokyo, Japan).

Techniques: Isolation, Produced

Journal: Life

Article Title: From Nature to Treatment: The Impact of Pterostilbene on Mitigating Retinal Ischemia–Reperfusion Damage by Reducing Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis

doi: 10.3390/life14091148

Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimental structure.

Article Snippet: Pterostilbene (source of pterostilbene: Apollo Scientific, product code: BIP1700, purity: ≥97% (HPLC), form: white solid, synonyms: Pterocarpus marsupium, 3′,5′-dimethoxy-resveratrol, 3,5-dimethoxy-4′-hydroxystilbene, 4-[(1E)-2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenol, empirical formula: C 16 H 16 O 3 ) was administered at a dosage of 5 mg/kg/day [ ], once daily, for a duration of five weeks.

Techniques: Western Blot, Control

Journal: Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology

Article Title: Accelerated Barrier Repair in Human Skin Explants Induced with a Plant-Derived PPAR-α Activating Complex via Cooperative Interactions

doi: 10.2147/CCID.S325967

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of Pterocarpus Marsupium Bark Extract (P90) to RFV3 at Equivalent Concentrations of Trans-Pterostilbene 10.3 µm on the Transcriptional Response of the PPAR-α-Controlled Luciferase Reporter Gene. Data are Presented as Mean Values, n = 5 for Water; n = 6 for Test Samples

Article Snippet: Trans-pterostilbene (trade name Pterowhite ® 90%) sourced as ≥ 90% standardized extract of Pterocarpus marsupium , obtained from Sabinsa Corporation, 20 Lake Drive, East Windsor, NJ 08520, USA, termed P90.

Techniques: Comparison, Luciferase, Concentration Assay, Control