Journal: medRxiv

Article Title: A novel framework for quantifying the clinical impact of substandard and falsified antimicrobials: application to typhoid fever

doi: 10.1101/2025.07.08.25331006

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of the %API for ciprofloxacin (top panel) and ofloxacin (bottom panel) collected in random surveys. – The dashed lines represent the tolerance limits for ciprofloxacin tablets as stated by the International Pharmacopeia (12 th Edition, 2025).

Article Snippet: When exploring how different levels of resistance modified dose effects, both outcomes showed no relationship with ofloxacin dose at MICs deemed susceptible to ofloxacin (i.e., MIC ≤ 0.125 mg/L) by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) ( and ).

Techniques:

Journal: medRxiv

Article Title: A novel framework for quantifying the clinical impact of substandard and falsified antimicrobials: application to typhoid fever

doi: 10.1101/2025.07.08.25331006

Figure Lengend Snippet: Average treatment effect of different ofloxacin doses on fever clearance time (A) and failure probability (B) compared to a baseline total dose of 52 mg/kg. Effects were only estimated within the range of doses present in the data (13.8–172.4 mg/kg). All other parameters were kept at their baseline values for each individual. The grey shaded region represents a 90% credible interval. The horizontal dashed line represents no change from baseline. The vertical dashed line represents the average dose.

Article Snippet: When exploring how different levels of resistance modified dose effects, both outcomes showed no relationship with ofloxacin dose at MICs deemed susceptible to ofloxacin (i.e., MIC ≤ 0.125 mg/L) by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) ( and ).

Techniques:

Journal: medRxiv

Article Title: A novel framework for quantifying the clinical impact of substandard and falsified antimicrobials: application to typhoid fever

doi: 10.1101/2025.07.08.25331006

Figure Lengend Snippet: Average treatment effect of different doses of ofloxacin at different MICs (panels) on fever clearance time compared to the average total dose of 52 mg/kg (vertical dashed line). Effects are only shown within the range of doses present in the data (13.8–172.4 mg/kg). All other parameters were kept at their baseline values for each individual. The grey shaded region represents a 90% credible interval. The horizontal dashed line represents no change compared to the average dose.

Article Snippet: When exploring how different levels of resistance modified dose effects, both outcomes showed no relationship with ofloxacin dose at MICs deemed susceptible to ofloxacin (i.e., MIC ≤ 0.125 mg/L) by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) ( and ).

Techniques:

Journal: medRxiv

Article Title: A novel framework for quantifying the clinical impact of substandard and falsified antimicrobials: application to typhoid fever

doi: 10.1101/2025.07.08.25331006

Figure Lengend Snippet: Average treatment effect of different doses of ofloxacin at different MICs (panels) on failure probability compared to the average total dose of 52 mg/kg (vertical dashed line). Effects are only shown within the range of doses present in the data (13.8–172.4 mg/kg). All other parameters were kept at their baseline values for each individual. The grey shaded region represents a 90% credible interval. The horizontal dashed line represents no change compared to the average dose.

Article Snippet: When exploring how different levels of resistance modified dose effects, both outcomes showed no relationship with ofloxacin dose at MICs deemed susceptible to ofloxacin (i.e., MIC ≤ 0.125 mg/L) by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) ( and ).

Techniques:

Journal: medRxiv

Article Title: A novel framework for quantifying the clinical impact of substandard and falsified antimicrobials: application to typhoid fever

doi: 10.1101/2025.07.08.25331006

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expected change in fever clearance time when patients take ofloxacin with %API distributed according to the ofloxacin distribution shown in compared to when they take ofloxacin with 100% API. Negative values indicate that the distribution decreased (i.e., improved) the fever clearance time. The shaded region shows 90% credible intervals. The panels show different target doses (i.e., the dose represented by 100% API). The vertical dashed line indicates the breakpoint for ofloxacin; MICs to the right of this line are considered non-susceptible.

Article Snippet: When exploring how different levels of resistance modified dose effects, both outcomes showed no relationship with ofloxacin dose at MICs deemed susceptible to ofloxacin (i.e., MIC ≤ 0.125 mg/L) by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) ( and ).

Techniques:

Journal: medRxiv

Article Title: A novel framework for quantifying the clinical impact of substandard and falsified antimicrobials: application to typhoid fever

doi: 10.1101/2025.07.08.25331006

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expected change in fever clearance time when patients take ofloxacin with %API distributed according to the ciprofloxacin distribution shown in compared to when they take ofloxacin with 100% API. Negative values indicate that the distribution decreased (i.e., improved) the fever clearance time. The shaded region shows 90% credible intervals. The panels show different target doses (i.e., the dose represented by 100% API). The vertical dashed line indicates the breakpoint for ofloxacin; MICs to the right of this line are considered non-susceptible.

Article Snippet: When exploring how different levels of resistance modified dose effects, both outcomes showed no relationship with ofloxacin dose at MICs deemed susceptible to ofloxacin (i.e., MIC ≤ 0.125 mg/L) by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) ( and ).

Techniques: