Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: TBL1X/TBL1XR1 govern β-cell identity through a PAX6-containing gene regulatory network

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-72077-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Scheme for the generation of an inducible β-cell-specific TBL1X and TBL1XR1 knockout. b Random fed blood glucose levels over time in iTBL/RβKO ( n = 9) and control ( n = 9) mice on HFD. c Total pancreas insulin content normalized to protein levels in iTBL/RβKO and control mice 4 and 11 weeks after tamoxifen administration. n = 3 for 4w control and iTBL/RβKO mice, n = 6 for 11w control mice, n = 4 for 11w iTBL/RβKO mice. d , e Blood glucose ( d ) and plasma insulin ( e ) levels during an oral glucose tolerance test after 22 weeks of HFD. Corresponding area under the curve in iTBL/RβKO ( n = 8) and control ( n = 9) mice ( d , right). f , g Relative mRNA expression determined by qPCR in pancreatic islets of iTBL/RβKO and control mice of Tbl1x and Tbl1xr1 ( f ) and islet genes ( g ). Control mice Tbl1x , Tbl1xr1 , Ins1 , Ins2 , Nkx6.1 , Slc2a2 , Mafa , Pdx1 , Pax6 , Ucn3 : n = 9, control mice ChgA , Ngn3 , Ldha , Hk1 : n = 8, iTBL/RβKO mice Tbl1x , Ngn3 , Ldha , Hk1 : n = 7, iTBL/RβKO mice Tbl1xr1 , Ins1 , Ins2 , Slc2a2 , Mafa n = 6, iTBL/RβKO mice Nkx6.1 , Pdx1 , Pax6 , Ucn3 , ChgA : n = 5. h α/β-cell mass ratio of pancreatic islets from iTBL/RβKO ( n = 4) and control mice ( n = 4) on HFD, 24 weeks after knockout induction. i Representative immunofluorescent staining of insulin + (blue, β-cells) and glucagon + (red, α-cells) cells of paraffin-embedded pancreas from iTBL/RβKO and control mice on HFD, 24 weeks after knockout induction. Each point represents one mouse. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. The following statistical tests were applied: two-sided student’s t test ( d – Area under the curve, f – h ) and 2-way ANOVA with Šidák’s multiple comparison post hoc test ( b – d – time course, e ). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: The following TaqMan probes were used: Tbp - Mm01277042_m1, Tbl1x - Mm01222202_m1, Tbl1xr1 - Mm01283877_m1, Ins1 - Mm01259683_g1, Ins2 - Mm00731595_gH, Nkx6.1 - Mm00454961_m1, Slc2a2 - Mm00454961_m1, Mafa - Mm00845206_s1, Pdx1 - Mm00435565_m1, Pax6 - Mm00443081_m1, Ucn3 - Mm00453206_s1, ChgA - Mm00514341_m1, Ngn3 - Mm00437606_s1, Ldha - Mm01612132_g1, Hk1 - Mm00439344_m1, TBP - Hs00427620_m1, TBL1X - Hs00959540_m1, TBL1XR1 - Hs00226564_m1.

Techniques: Knock-Out, Control, Clinical Proteomics, Expressing, Staining, Comparison

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Tirzepatide improves pancreatic β-cell function in mice and patients with type 2 diabetes

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.13.704343

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Representative confocal images of islets by immunofluorescence staining from control group, HFD + vehicle, and HFD + 10 nM [D-Ala2]-GIP, HFD + 10nM semaglutide, HFD + 3 nM tirzepatide, HFD + 10 nM tirzepatide. Endocrine cells were labeled with insulin (red), glucagon (green), and ALDH1A3 (white). The nuclei were stained with Dapi (blue). The insets (dash box) of each group are magnified in the right panels of the images. ( B ) Quantification of relative levels of ALDH1A3 in each group, mice n ≥ 3. ( C ) Representative confocal images of islets by immunofluorescence staining from each group. Endocrine cells were labeled with insulin (red), glucagon (green), and PDX1 (white). The nuclei were stained with Dapi (blue). The insets (dash box) of each group are magnified in the right panels of the images. ( D ) Quantification of relative levels of PDX1 in each group, mice n ≥ 4. ( E ) Representative confocal images of islets by immuofluorescence staining from each group. Endocrine cells were labeled with insulin (red), glucagon (green), and MAFA (white). The nuclei were stained with Dapi (blue). The insets (dash box) of each group are magnified in the right panels of the images. Scale bar indicates 20 μm. ( F ) Quantification of relative levels of MAFA in each group, mice n ≥ 4. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, with significance determined by one-way ANOVA compared to the Vehicle group: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies against GAPDH, AKT1, p-AKT(Ser473), FOXO1 were from Proteintech (GAPDH, 60004-1-Ig; AKT1, 10176-2-AP, p-AKT (Ser473), 66444-1-Ig, FOXO1, 18592-1-AP); antibodies against p-FOXO1(Ser256), PDX1, MAFA, and ALDH1A3 were from Affinity (AF3417), Abcam (Ab219207), Abcam (Ab17976) and Novus Biologicals (NBP2-15339), respectively.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining, Control, Labeling

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Tirzepatide improves pancreatic β-cell function in mice and patients with type 2 diabetes

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.13.704343

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Schematic workflow of single-cell RNA sequencing of mouse islets. ( B-C ) t-SNE plots showing all cells colored by cell type ( B ) and sample origin ( C ). ( D ) Proportions of different cell types among the three sample origins. ( E ) Expression levels of Pdx1 and Mafa in β cells from the three origins. ( F ) Identification of common differentially expressed genes using three machine learning methods. ( G-H ) Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of FOXO pathway related genes in β cells comparing the HFD and CTR groups ( G ), as well as the TZP and HFD groups ( H ).

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies against GAPDH, AKT1, p-AKT(Ser473), FOXO1 were from Proteintech (GAPDH, 60004-1-Ig; AKT1, 10176-2-AP, p-AKT (Ser473), 66444-1-Ig, FOXO1, 18592-1-AP); antibodies against p-FOXO1(Ser256), PDX1, MAFA, and ALDH1A3 were from Affinity (AF3417), Abcam (Ab219207), Abcam (Ab17976) and Novus Biologicals (NBP2-15339), respectively.

Techniques: Single Cell, RNA Sequencing, Expressing