Journal: Aging and Disease

Article Title: Stroke Exacerbates Respiratory Disorder and Cognition Impairment in Mice with Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy

doi: 10.14336/AD.2025.0474

Figure Lengend Snippet: Stroke increases astrocytic gliosis and induced astrocytic polarization in RTN. (A) RTN chemo-sensitive phox2B-positive neurons (area circumscribed by red solid line) are located ventromedial to the VII, medial to the pyramidal tract. (B) Histological representation of the RTN location within the brainstem, illustrating the specific area analyzed in both WT, CAA, and stroke mice, in relation to the 7th Facial Nucleus (7 N), Scale bar = 300μm/50 μm (zoom). (C-G) Images show the GFAP expression in each group(F (2,18) =19.043, P ＜0.001), and dual-IF staining for GFAP with C3 (F (2,18) =19.851, P ＜0.001 ), GFAP with S100A10 (F (2,18) =21.306, P ＜0.001) in RTN from WT, CAA, and stroke mice at day 42 post-ischemia (n= 5 for WT group, n=7 for CAA-Sham group and n=9 for CAA-pd-MCAO group). Scale bar = 50 µm. * P <0.05; ** P <0.01; *** P <0.001. ns: non-significance. The data are shown as the mean ± SEM. After performing the Shapiro-Wilk normality test to examine the normal distribution, One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to analyze the data pertaining to multiple groups, subsequently, multiple comparisons were conducted using the uncorrected Fisher's LSD test.

Article Snippet: Sections were then incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies against Aβ (1:300, Abcam, Cat# ab201060), Phox2B (1:20, Bio-Techne, Cat# AF4940), GFAP (1:200, Novus, Cat# NB100-53809), C3 (1:200, Abcam, Cat# ab97462) S100A10 (1:200, Invitrogen, Cat# PA5-95505), LYVE1(1:200, CST, Cat# E3L3V) and in the blocking solution.

Techniques: Expressing, Staining

Journal: IBRO Neuroscience Reports

Article Title: Human umbilical cord plasma derived exosome changed the miRNAs expression and inhibits inflammation response in traumatic spinal cord Injury

doi: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2026.01.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Recovery of motor function over an eight-week period following SCI, as assessed by the BBB test. The graph displays the BBB scores from day 1 through week 8 for the four experimental groups. Notably, animals in the exosome-treated group exhibited significantly enhanced functional recovery in comparison with those in the contusion group (**** P < 0.0001). (B) Sensory-motor coordination was evaluated using the Narrow Beam Test (NBT) over an eight-week period following SCI. The performance of the four experimental groups is illustrated in the graph. Prior to the SCI induction, all rats navigated the beam without difficulty. However, post-injury, they displayed significant challenges in traversing the beam, exhibiting poor foot placement. By the conclusion of the experiment, the group treated with exosomes demonstrated substantial improvement in performance compared to the contusion group, with a significance level of **** P < 0.0001. (C) Assessment of locomotor activity using the open-field test among the experimental groups. The graph illustrates the distances traveled by the rats throughout the experiment. Rats in the exosome treatment group demonstrated significantly higher locomotor activity, traveling greater distances compared to those in the contusion-only group. In contrast, the contusion group exhibited notably lower levels of locomotor activity(**** P < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: In the exosome-treated group GFAP reactivity is attenuated compared with the contusion group.

Techniques: Functional Assay, Comparison, Activity Assay

Journal: IBRO Neuroscience Reports

Article Title: Human umbilical cord plasma derived exosome changed the miRNAs expression and inhibits inflammation response in traumatic spinal cord Injury

doi: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2026.01.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Western blot analysis was conducted eight weeks post-SCI to assess the changes in levels of IL-1β, IL-6, Caspase-3, and β-actin (A) . The results revealed a notable reduction in the expression of these markers in the exosome-treated group when compared to the contusion groupQuantification represents the mean of three biological replicates (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, **** P < 0.0001) (B).

Article Snippet: In the exosome-treated group GFAP reactivity is attenuated compared with the contusion group.

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing

Journal: IBRO Neuroscience Reports

Article Title: Human umbilical cord plasma derived exosome changed the miRNAs expression and inhibits inflammation response in traumatic spinal cord Injury

doi: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2026.01.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sections of the spinal cord from the four experimental groups were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E): A, D) Laminectomy only; B, E) Contusion injury; C, F) Contusion + Exosomes. The stained sections were photographed using a microscope equipped with an integrated camera (Upper panel A-F). In the lower panel the assessment of Neural Cell Density, spinal cord and cavity volume (mm³). Representative images used for the statistical quantification shown in panels A–D are provided in . (A) Glial Cell Density: The analysis of glial cell density (cells ×1000/µm³) from the representative images demonstrated that the exosome-treated group exhibited lower glial cell density, reflecting a reduction in gliosis compared to the other groups. (B) Neural Cell Density: The quantification of neural cell density (cells × 1000/µm³) quantified from the representative images, indicated that the exosome-treated group had a higher neural cell density relative to the contusion-only and PBS-treated groups. (C) Cavity volume demonstrated a marked reduction in the exosome-treated group when compared to both the contusion and PBS-treated groups, with no cavity observed in the laminectomy group. (D) Spinal volume demonstrated a marked increase in the exosome-treated group compared to both the contusion and PBS-treated groups (* P < 0.5, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001) receptively.

Article Snippet: In the exosome-treated group GFAP reactivity is attenuated compared with the contusion group.

Techniques: Staining, Microscopy

Journal: IBRO Neuroscience Reports

Article Title: Human umbilical cord plasma derived exosome changed the miRNAs expression and inhibits inflammation response in traumatic spinal cord Injury

doi: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2026.01.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Real time PCR analysis of miR-19a-3p, miR-19b-3p, miR-27b and miR-24 expression across the experimental groups: Laminectomy, Contusion, Contusion + PBS and Contusion + Exosomes. The findings reveal that exosome therapy leads to a notable reduction in miR-19a-3p (A) and miR-19b-3p (B) expression, suggesting that the exosome-treated group exhibits significantly lower levels of miR-19a-3p and miR-19b-3p compared to the Contusion group and notable increase in miR-27b (C) and miR-24 (D) in the exosome-treated group in comparison with contusion group (**** P < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: In the exosome-treated group GFAP reactivity is attenuated compared with the contusion group.

Techniques: Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, Comparison

Journal: IBRO Neuroscience Reports

Article Title: Human umbilical cord plasma derived exosome changed the miRNAs expression and inhibits inflammation response in traumatic spinal cord Injury

doi: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2026.01.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative immunofluorescence images of spinal cord sections from two experimental groups. Contusion (A, B, C), and Contusion + Exosome (D, E, F). DAPI counterstain (A, D) with NeuN staining (B, E) and merge (C, F), showing neuronal distribution. In the contusion group, NeuN signal is markedly reduced, In the exosome-treated group, NeuN signal is partially preserved compared with the contusion group.

Article Snippet: In the exosome-treated group GFAP reactivity is attenuated compared with the contusion group.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining

Journal: IBRO Neuroscience Reports

Article Title: Human umbilical cord plasma derived exosome changed the miRNAs expression and inhibits inflammation response in traumatic spinal cord Injury

doi: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2026.01.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative immunofluorescence images of spinal cord sections from two experimental groups. Contusion (A, B, C), and Contusion + Exosome (D, E, F). DAPI counterstain (A, D) with GFAP staining (B, E) and merge (C, F). In the contusion group, GFAP expression is upregulated with hypertrophic astrocytes forming dense glial scarring. In the exosome-treated group GFAP reactivity is attenuated compared with the contusion group.

Article Snippet: In the exosome-treated group GFAP reactivity is attenuated compared with the contusion group.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining, Expressing