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R&D Systems human duo set elisa kits
$Characterization <t>of</t> <t>IL-1α</t> overexpression constructs in Cal27 HNSCC cells. Gene expression (A-C), protein release (D) and protein expression (E-G) of the three IL1A constructs – Full- Length (FL), N-terminal (NT) and C-terminal (CT) in the Cal27 IL-1α-overexpressing cells were analyzed by RT-qPCR, <t>ELISA</t> and Western blot respectively compared to control. GAPDH was used as an endogenous control for PCR analysis (A-C); α-Tubulin was used as the loading control for whole cell lysate and cytoplasmic fraction western blots (E-F); and Lamin B1 was used as the loading control for the nuclear fraction Western blot (G). Bars represent mean ± SEM from n = 3 independent experiments. IL-1α band intensities were normalized to the respective loading controls. ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.$
Human Duo Set Elisa Kits, supplied by R&D Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 45 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/elisa+set/Human+IL-1ra%2FIL-1F3+DuoSet+ELISA/pmc13122707-57-22-27
Average 94 stars, based on 45 article reviews

human duo set elisa kits - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09

94/100 stars

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1) Product Images from "C-terminal interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α) overexpression drives EMT and a vulnerability to ferroptosis in HNSCC"

Article Title: C-terminal interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α) overexpression drives EMT and a vulnerability to ferroptosis in HNSCC

Journal: Redox Biology

doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2026.104172

$Characterization of IL-1α overexpression constructs in Cal27 HNSCC cells. Gene expression (A-C), protein release (D) and protein expression (E-G) of the three IL1A constructs – Full- Length (FL), N-terminal (NT) and C-terminal (CT) in the Cal27 IL-1α-overexpressing cells were analyzed by RT-qPCR, ELISA and Western blot respectively compared to control. GAPDH was used as an endogenous control for PCR analysis (A-C); α-Tubulin was used as the loading control for whole cell lysate and cytoplasmic fraction western blots (E-F); and Lamin B1 was used as the loading control for the nuclear fraction Western blot (G). Bars represent mean ± SEM from n = 3 independent experiments. IL-1α band intensities were normalized to the respective loading controls. ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.$
Figure Legend Snippet: Characterization of IL-1α overexpression constructs in Cal27 HNSCC cells. Gene expression (A-C), protein release (D) and protein expression (E-G) of the three IL1A constructs – Full- Length (FL), N-terminal (NT) and C-terminal (CT) in the Cal27 IL-1α-overexpressing cells were analyzed by RT-qPCR, ELISA and Western blot respectively compared to control. GAPDH was used as an endogenous control for PCR analysis (A-C); α-Tubulin was used as the loading control for whole cell lysate and cytoplasmic fraction western blots (E-F); and Lamin B1 was used as the loading control for the nuclear fraction Western blot (G). Bars represent mean ± SEM from n = 3 independent experiments. IL-1α band intensities were normalized to the respective loading controls. ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.

Techniques Used: Over Expression, Construct, Gene Expression, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot, Control

IL-1α overexpression alters expression of IL-1 pathway genes. Gene expression of IL1B (A), IL6 (B), IL8 (C), IL1RN (D), IL1RAP (E) and IL1R1 (F) in the three IL1A constructs – Full-Length (FL), N-terminal (NT) and C-terminal (CT) in Cal27 IL-1αoverexpressing cells were analyzed by RT-PCR using GAPDH as an endogenous control. Protein secretion of IL-1β (G), IL-6 (H), IL-8 (I), and IL1RA (J) in cell culture supernatants was quantified by ELISA with protein concentrations normalized to cell numbers. Whole cell lysates were analyzed for IL-1R1 expression by Western blot using GAPDH as a loading control (K). Bars represent mean ± SEM from n = 3 independent experiments.∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.

Figure Legend Snippet: IL-1α overexpression alters expression of IL-1 pathway genes. Gene expression of IL1B (A), IL6 (B), IL8 (C), IL1RN (D), IL1RAP (E) and IL1R1 (F) in the three IL1A constructs – Full-Length (FL), N-terminal (NT) and C-terminal (CT) in Cal27 IL-1αoverexpressing cells were analyzed by RT-PCR using GAPDH as an endogenous control. Protein secretion of IL-1β (G), IL-6 (H), IL-8 (I), and IL1RA (J) in cell culture supernatants was quantified by ELISA with protein concentrations normalized to cell numbers. Whole cell lysates were analyzed for IL-1R1 expression by Western blot using GAPDH as a loading control (K). Bars represent mean ± SEM from n = 3 independent experiments.∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.

Techniques Used: Over Expression, Expressing, Gene Expression, Construct, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Control, Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot

Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay:

Article Title: 17-beta-Estradiol decreases p38 MAPK-mediated myocardial inflammation and dysfunction following acute ischemia.
Article Snippet: Understanding the inflammatory response to myocardial ischemia is an important part of achieving the elusive clinical goal of perfect myocardial protection.. While it is established that estrogen affects the chronic inflammatory processes of coronary atherosclerosis, the effects of estrogen on acute myocardial proinflammatory signaling are unknown.. To study this, myocardial ischemia and reperfusion was performed in rat hearts from normal adult males, normal adult females, ovariectomized (OVX) females, males supplemented with E2, and OVX females supplemented with E2.

Article Title: Deleterious effects of endogenous and exogenous testosterone on mesenchymal stem cell VEGF production.
Article Snippet: Ray R, Herring CM, Markel TA, Crisostomo PR, Wang M, Weil B, Lahm T, Meldrum DR. Deleterious effects of endogenous and exogenous testosterone on mesenchymal stem cell VEGF production.. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 294: R1498–R1503, 2008.. First published March 12, 2008; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00897.2007.—Modulating the paracrine effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) may be important for the treatment of ischemic myocardial tissue.

Article Title: VEGF Mediates Retinal Müller Cell Viability and Neuroprotection through BDNF in Diabetes
Article Snippet: .. Measurement of BDNF concentration with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed using a Due ELISA Set (#DY248) from R&D System (Minneapolis, MN, USA), according to the manufacturer’s instruction. ..

Article Title: STAT3 Stimulated HIF-1? Mediates ER?-induced Mesenchymal Stem Cell VEGF Production
Article Snippet: .. VEGF in the MSC supernatant was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a commercially available ELISA set (R&D Systems Inc., Minneapolis, MN). ..

Article Title: Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation increases expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in papain-induced emphysematous lungs and inhibits apoptosis of lung cells.
Article Snippet: Background .. Pulmonary emphysema is characterized by loss of alveolar structures.. We have found that bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation ameliorates papain-induced pulmonary emphysema.

Article Title: Bilberry-Derived Anthocyanins Modulate Cytokine Expression in the Intestine of Patients with Ulcerative Colitis
Article Snippet: ELISA kits detecting human TNF-α (PK-EL-63707), human MCP-1 (PK-EL-64006), human IL-10 (PK-EL-62006), human IL-13 (PK-EL-62306) and human IL-17A (PK-EL-62716) were obtained from Promokine (Heidelberg, Germany), human IFN-γ ELISA kit (SEH00380A) was purchased at Qiagen. .. IL-22 was detected with an ELISA set (DY-782-05) from R&D Systems, Inc. (Minneapolis, MN, United States). ..

Article Title: p53 Promotes Cytokine Expression in Melanoma to Regulate Drug Resistance and Migration
Article Snippet: .. Human CXCL1 expression was analyzed using Elisa set (R & D system, DY 275), according to company instruction. ..

Article Title: CNTF Attenuates Vasoproliferative Changes Through Upregulation of SOCS3 in a Mouse-Model of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy
Article Snippet: For Western blot analysis, retinal lysates were blotted onto nitrocellulose membranes and incubated with the following antibodies: anti-bActin Ab, mouse monoclonal (#A1978; Sigma-Aldrich Corp., St. Louis, MO, USA); Stat3 (79D7), rabbit mAb (#4904; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.); pStat3 (Tyr705), and rabbit mAb (Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.). .. Retinal CNTF levels were determined using an ELISA set (Rat CNTF DuoSet ELISA, #DY557; R&D Systems). .. The endothelial spheroid sprouting assay was performed as previously published., In brief, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs, #C-12203; PromoCell, Heidelberg, Germany) were suspended in endothelial growth medium (EGM, #PB-MH-100-199; Pelo Biotech, Planegg, Germany) containing 10% FBS and 0.25% (wt/vol) carboxy-methylcellulose (#M0512, Sigma-Aldrich Corp., Darmstadt, Germany).

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Full fabrication and application schematic diagram of GelMA-VEGF/ECM-PCSK9 composite hydrogel and the related signaling pathway of PCSK9 that promotes BMSC osteogenic differentiation.

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: A composite hydrogel enables the spatiotemporal delivery of distinct cytokines to drive the native vascularized bone regeneration

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.048

Figure Lengend Snippet: Full fabrication and application schematic diagram of GelMA-VEGF/ECM-PCSK9 composite hydrogel and the related signaling pathway of PCSK9 that promotes BMSC osteogenic differentiation.

Article Snippet: VEGF, ELISA kit for VEGF and PCSK9 were purchased from Boster company (Wuhan, China).

Techniques:

Construction and characterization of GelMA-VEGF/ECM-PCSK9 composite hydrogel. A Schematic diagram showing the process of composite hydrogel construction; B) Photographs of GelMA-VEGF hydrogel and GelMA-VEGF/ECM-PCSK9 hydrogel formation after UV light respectively; C i) Electron microscopic image of pure GelMA hydrogel, with a scale of 100 μm; ii) Enlarged electron microscopic image of GelMA hydrogel, with a scale of 50 μm; D) i The electron microscope image of the combination of GelMA hydrogel and ECM, with a scale of 100 μm; ii Electron microscope magnified image of GelMA hydrogel combined with ECM, with a scale of 50 μm; E) The infrared spectrum (FITR) diagram of the acellular ECM, GelMA hydrogel and GelMA/ECM composite hydrogel contains common basic energy groups; F) Load rate of PCSK9 in ECM; G) Release rate of VEGF loaded with GelMA hydrogel and GelMA/ECM composite hydrogel respectively; H) Release rate of PCSK9 loaded with ECM and GelMA/ECM composite hydrogel respectively; I) Release rate of VEGF and PCSK9 loaded in GelMA and GelMA/ECM on different time points respectively; J) Release rate of VEGF and PCSK9 respectively when loaded in GelMA/ECM; K) The swelling rate of GelMA gel and GelMA/ECM composite gel dissolved in PBS (n = 6); L) Degradation rate of GelMA hydrogel and GelMA/ECM composite gel in vitro (n = 6).∗means that compared with the control group, p < 0.05; ∗means that compared with the control group, p < 0.01; ∗∗∗means that compared with the control group, p < 0.001.

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: A composite hydrogel enables the spatiotemporal delivery of distinct cytokines to drive the native vascularized bone regeneration

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.048

Figure Lengend Snippet: Construction and characterization of GelMA-VEGF/ECM-PCSK9 composite hydrogel. A Schematic diagram showing the process of composite hydrogel construction; B) Photographs of GelMA-VEGF hydrogel and GelMA-VEGF/ECM-PCSK9 hydrogel formation after UV light respectively; C i) Electron microscopic image of pure GelMA hydrogel, with a scale of 100 μm; ii) Enlarged electron microscopic image of GelMA hydrogel, with a scale of 50 μm; D) i The electron microscope image of the combination of GelMA hydrogel and ECM, with a scale of 100 μm; ii Electron microscope magnified image of GelMA hydrogel combined with ECM, with a scale of 50 μm; E) The infrared spectrum (FITR) diagram of the acellular ECM, GelMA hydrogel and GelMA/ECM composite hydrogel contains common basic energy groups; F) Load rate of PCSK9 in ECM; G) Release rate of VEGF loaded with GelMA hydrogel and GelMA/ECM composite hydrogel respectively; H) Release rate of PCSK9 loaded with ECM and GelMA/ECM composite hydrogel respectively; I) Release rate of VEGF and PCSK9 loaded in GelMA and GelMA/ECM on different time points respectively; J) Release rate of VEGF and PCSK9 respectively when loaded in GelMA/ECM; K) The swelling rate of GelMA gel and GelMA/ECM composite gel dissolved in PBS (n = 6); L) Degradation rate of GelMA hydrogel and GelMA/ECM composite gel in vitro (n = 6).∗means that compared with the control group, p < 0.05; ∗means that compared with the control group, p < 0.01; ∗∗∗means that compared with the control group, p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: VEGF, ELISA kit for VEGF and PCSK9 were purchased from Boster company (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Microscopy, In Vitro, Control

Angiogenic capacity formulations of HUVECs in response to different composite biomaterial in vitro. A) Calcein/PI staining of HUVECs seeded on glass slides, showing the cell migration profiles of HUVECs treated with different material groups, scale bar = 200 μm; B) Quantitative analysis of the intercellular blank areas in each group, with the baseline group serving as the negative control; C) Angiogenic images of HUVECs co-cultured with different composite materials for 4 h and 8 h respectively, scale bar = 250 μm; D–G) Quantitative assessment of angiogenic capacity in each group via ImageJ software analysis of key angiogenic parameters. Abbreviations: NC = negative control group; V = exogenous VEGF protein-only group; GV=GelMA + exogenous VEGF protein group; GVE = GelMA + VEGF + ECM group; GVEP= GelMA/VEGF + ECM/PCSK9 group. Statistical notations: ∗∗means that compared with the control group, p < 0.01; ns = no significant difference between group.

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: A composite hydrogel enables the spatiotemporal delivery of distinct cytokines to drive the native vascularized bone regeneration

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.048

Figure Lengend Snippet: Angiogenic capacity formulations of HUVECs in response to different composite biomaterial in vitro. A) Calcein/PI staining of HUVECs seeded on glass slides, showing the cell migration profiles of HUVECs treated with different material groups, scale bar = 200 μm; B) Quantitative analysis of the intercellular blank areas in each group, with the baseline group serving as the negative control; C) Angiogenic images of HUVECs co-cultured with different composite materials for 4 h and 8 h respectively, scale bar = 250 μm; D–G) Quantitative assessment of angiogenic capacity in each group via ImageJ software analysis of key angiogenic parameters. Abbreviations: NC = negative control group; V = exogenous VEGF protein-only group; GV=GelMA + exogenous VEGF protein group; GVE = GelMA + VEGF + ECM group; GVEP= GelMA/VEGF + ECM/PCSK9 group. Statistical notations: ∗∗means that compared with the control group, p < 0.01; ns = no significant difference between group.

Article Snippet: VEGF, ELISA kit for VEGF and PCSK9 were purchased from Boster company (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: In Vitro, Staining, Migration, Negative Control, Cell Culture, Software, Control

The effect of different composite hydrogel on the osteogenic differentiation of BMMSC in vitro. Cultivate BMMSC for osteogenic differentiation in osteogenic medium with GelMA, GelMA-VEGF, GelMA-VEGF/ECM, ECM-PCSK9, and GelMA-VEGF/ECM-PCSK9 for 7 days respectively. A,B) The cell nucleus was stained with DAPI (blue), RUNX2 was stained with RUNX2 antibody (green), and COL1A1 was stained with COL1A1 antibody (red), with a scale bar of 200 μm. C,D) The quantitative analysis results of COL1A1 and RUNX2 immunofluorescence images; E,F) Quantitative analysis of ALP staining and ARS staining for BMMSC co-culture with different kinds of hydrogels; G) ALP staining result for BMMSC co-culture with different kinds of hydrogels for 7days, scale bar = 200 μm; F) ARS staining result for BMMSC co-culture with different kinds of hydrogels for 14days, scale bar = 200 μm; I, J) After 7 and 14 days of co-culture with different combinations of composite hydrogels and BMMSC for osteogenesis and differentiation, the PCR experiment results of osteogenesis related indicators suggest that compared with the control group. G = simple GelMA hydrogel group, GV=GelMA hydrogels + VEGF protein group, GV/E = GelMA + VEGF/ECM group, EP = ECM + PCSK9 protein group, GVEP=GelMA + VEGF/ECM + PCSK9 protein group, the significant differences between the groups are expressed as ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, and ns means there is no significant difference between the groups.

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: A composite hydrogel enables the spatiotemporal delivery of distinct cytokines to drive the native vascularized bone regeneration

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.048

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of different composite hydrogel on the osteogenic differentiation of BMMSC in vitro. Cultivate BMMSC for osteogenic differentiation in osteogenic medium with GelMA, GelMA-VEGF, GelMA-VEGF/ECM, ECM-PCSK9, and GelMA-VEGF/ECM-PCSK9 for 7 days respectively. A,B) The cell nucleus was stained with DAPI (blue), RUNX2 was stained with RUNX2 antibody (green), and COL1A1 was stained with COL1A1 antibody (red), with a scale bar of 200 μm. C,D) The quantitative analysis results of COL1A1 and RUNX2 immunofluorescence images; E,F) Quantitative analysis of ALP staining and ARS staining for BMMSC co-culture with different kinds of hydrogels; G) ALP staining result for BMMSC co-culture with different kinds of hydrogels for 7days, scale bar = 200 μm; F) ARS staining result for BMMSC co-culture with different kinds of hydrogels for 14days, scale bar = 200 μm; I, J) After 7 and 14 days of co-culture with different combinations of composite hydrogels and BMMSC for osteogenesis and differentiation, the PCR experiment results of osteogenesis related indicators suggest that compared with the control group. G = simple GelMA hydrogel group, GV=GelMA hydrogels + VEGF protein group, GV/E = GelMA + VEGF/ECM group, EP = ECM + PCSK9 protein group, GVEP=GelMA + VEGF/ECM + PCSK9 protein group, the significant differences between the groups are expressed as ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, and ns means there is no significant difference between the groups.

Article Snippet: VEGF, ELISA kit for VEGF and PCSK9 were purchased from Boster company (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: In Vitro, Staining, Immunofluorescence, Co-Culture Assay, Control

After adding different concentrations of PCSK9 to BMMSC for osteogenic induction, western blotting (WB) experiment was performed to evaluate the expression of phosphorylated proteins and total proteins among different osteogenic differentiation relevant signaling pathways. A) WB images of different signaling pathways that related to osteogenic differentiation after adding different concentrations of PCSK9; B-D) Quantitative analysis results of phosphorylated protein and total protein. Compared with the control group, ∗ means p < 0.05, ∗∗ means p < 0.01.

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: A composite hydrogel enables the spatiotemporal delivery of distinct cytokines to drive the native vascularized bone regeneration

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.048

Figure Lengend Snippet: After adding different concentrations of PCSK9 to BMMSC for osteogenic induction, western blotting (WB) experiment was performed to evaluate the expression of phosphorylated proteins and total proteins among different osteogenic differentiation relevant signaling pathways. A) WB images of different signaling pathways that related to osteogenic differentiation after adding different concentrations of PCSK9; B-D) Quantitative analysis results of phosphorylated protein and total protein. Compared with the control group, ∗ means p < 0.05, ∗∗ means p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: VEGF, ELISA kit for VEGF and PCSK9 were purchased from Boster company (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Protein-Protein interactions, Control

Angiogenesis and collagen deposition in diabetic wound tissues following HPSL@SG hydrogel treatment. (A) Dihydroethidium (DHE) immunofluorescence staining and (B) semi-quantitative analysis of wound tissues from each treatment group on day 7, scale bar = 100 μm. Immunofluorescence staining of (C) MMP-9, IL-6, and IL-10, and (D) CD31, VEGF-A, and collagen I in wound tissue sections from each treatment group on day 7, scale bar = 100 μm. (E-J) Mean relative fluorescence intensity of each indicator in wound tissue sections from each treatment group on day 7, scale bar = 100 μm. All data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 6).

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Glucose/ROS-responsive and redox-gated adaptive hydrogel dressing for accelerating diabetic wound repair via synergistic cGAS/STING pathway inhibition and oxidative stress alleviation

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.03.025

Figure Lengend Snippet: Angiogenesis and collagen deposition in diabetic wound tissues following HPSL@SG hydrogel treatment. (A) Dihydroethidium (DHE) immunofluorescence staining and (B) semi-quantitative analysis of wound tissues from each treatment group on day 7, scale bar = 100 μm. Immunofluorescence staining of (C) MMP-9, IL-6, and IL-10, and (D) CD31, VEGF-A, and collagen I in wound tissue sections from each treatment group on day 7, scale bar = 100 μm. (E-J) Mean relative fluorescence intensity of each indicator in wound tissue sections from each treatment group on day 7, scale bar = 100 μm. All data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 6).

Article Snippet: IL-6 and IL-10-specific antibodies were purchased from Bosterbio (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining, Fluorescence

Elevated PD-1 expression and altered cytokine levels in plasma of IE patients. (A) PD-1 expression on CD4 + CD25 high Tregs is significantly increased in IE patients, particularly in the ISE subgroup, while CD4 + and CD4 + CD25 + T cell percentages are reduced. (B) Plasma concentrations of IL-10 and IL-6 are elevated in IE patients, with IL-10 showing a progressive increase with seizure severity. (C) Correlation analyses reveal associations between immune parameters and clinical characteristics. ∗∗∗P < 0.001, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗ P < 0.05; ns indicates not significant.

Journal: Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health

Article Title: Exploring the role of PD-1 as a marker in drug-refractory epilepsy and its potential indication for valproic acid treatment

doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2026.101238

Figure Lengend Snippet: Elevated PD-1 expression and altered cytokine levels in plasma of IE patients. (A) PD-1 expression on CD4 + CD25 high Tregs is significantly increased in IE patients, particularly in the ISE subgroup, while CD4 + and CD4 + CD25 + T cell percentages are reduced. (B) Plasma concentrations of IL-10 and IL-6 are elevated in IE patients, with IL-10 showing a progressive increase with seizure severity. (C) Correlation analyses reveal associations between immune parameters and clinical characteristics. ∗∗∗P < 0.001, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗ P < 0.05; ns indicates not significant.

Article Snippet: Concentrations of IL-10 and IL-6 in plasma and CSF were quantified using commercial double-antibody sandwich ELISA kits (Boster Bioengineering, China), according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Expressing, Clinical Proteomics

Central nervous system immune activation in ISE patients. (A) PD-1 + CD4 + CD25 high Treg cell counts are significantly elevated in the CSF of ISE patients compared to controls. (B) Both IL-10 and IL-6 concentrations are increased in the CSF of ISE patients. (C) Age correlates positively with PD-1 + CD4 + CD25 low and CD4 + CD25 high Treg percentages, and negatively with CD4 + T cell percentage in the CSF of ISE patients. ∗∗∗P < 0.001, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗P < 0.05.

Journal: Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health

Article Title: Exploring the role of PD-1 as a marker in drug-refractory epilepsy and its potential indication for valproic acid treatment

doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2026.101238

Figure Lengend Snippet: Central nervous system immune activation in ISE patients. (A) PD-1 + CD4 + CD25 high Treg cell counts are significantly elevated in the CSF of ISE patients compared to controls. (B) Both IL-10 and IL-6 concentrations are increased in the CSF of ISE patients. (C) Age correlates positively with PD-1 + CD4 + CD25 low and CD4 + CD25 high Treg percentages, and negatively with CD4 + T cell percentage in the CSF of ISE patients. ∗∗∗P < 0.001, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗P < 0.05.

Techniques: Activation Assay

VPA treatment modulates PD-1 expression and IL-10 levels independently of drug concentration. (A) Plasma PD-1 expression on both CD4 + CD25 high and CD4 + CD25 low Treg subsets decreases significantly after 48 h of VPA treatment. (B) Plasma IL-10 levels decrease significantly after VPA treatment, while IL-6 shows no significant change. (C) Seizure control time correlates with immunological parameters but not with VPA concentrations. (D) VPA concentrations in CSF are significantly lower than in plasma, with no change between d0 and d3, and no correlation with seizure control time. ∗∗∗P < 0.001, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗P < 0.05; ns indicates not significant.

Journal: Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health

Article Title: Exploring the role of PD-1 as a marker in drug-refractory epilepsy and its potential indication for valproic acid treatment

doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2026.101238

Figure Lengend Snippet: VPA treatment modulates PD-1 expression and IL-10 levels independently of drug concentration. (A) Plasma PD-1 expression on both CD4 + CD25 high and CD4 + CD25 low Treg subsets decreases significantly after 48 h of VPA treatment. (B) Plasma IL-10 levels decrease significantly after VPA treatment, while IL-6 shows no significant change. (C) Seizure control time correlates with immunological parameters but not with VPA concentrations. (D) VPA concentrations in CSF are significantly lower than in plasma, with no change between d0 and d3, and no correlation with seizure control time. ∗∗∗P < 0.001, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗P < 0.05; ns indicates not significant.

Techniques: Expressing, Concentration Assay, Clinical Proteomics, Control

Journal: Redox Biology

Article Title: C-terminal interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α) overexpression drives EMT and a vulnerability to ferroptosis in HNSCC

doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2026.104172

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of IL-1α overexpression constructs in Cal27 HNSCC cells. Gene expression (A-C), protein release (D) and protein expression (E-G) of the three IL1A constructs – Full- Length (FL), N-terminal (NT) and C-terminal (CT) in the Cal27 IL-1α-overexpressing cells were analyzed by RT-qPCR, ELISA and Western blot respectively compared to control. GAPDH was used as an endogenous control for PCR analysis (A-C); α-Tubulin was used as the loading control for whole cell lysate and cytoplasmic fraction western blots (E-F); and Lamin B1 was used as the loading control for the nuclear fraction Western blot (G). Bars represent mean ± SEM from n = 3 independent experiments. IL-1α band intensities were normalized to the respective loading controls. ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Cell culture media from IL-1α overexpressed Cal27 cells were collected for analyzing the levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 or IL-1RA using Human Duo Set ELISA kits (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) according to the manufacturer's protocols.

Techniques: Over Expression, Construct, Gene Expression, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot, Control

Journal: Redox Biology

Article Title: C-terminal interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α) overexpression drives EMT and a vulnerability to ferroptosis in HNSCC

doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2026.104172

Figure Lengend Snippet: IL-1α overexpression alters expression of IL-1 pathway genes. Gene expression of IL1B (A), IL6 (B), IL8 (C), IL1RN (D), IL1RAP (E) and IL1R1 (F) in the three IL1A constructs – Full-Length (FL), N-terminal (NT) and C-terminal (CT) in Cal27 IL-1αoverexpressing cells were analyzed by RT-PCR using GAPDH as an endogenous control. Protein secretion of IL-1β (G), IL-6 (H), IL-8 (I), and IL1RA (J) in cell culture supernatants was quantified by ELISA with protein concentrations normalized to cell numbers. Whole cell lysates were analyzed for IL-1R1 expression by Western blot using GAPDH as a loading control (K). Bars represent mean ± SEM from n = 3 independent experiments.∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.

Techniques: Over Expression, Expressing, Gene Expression, Construct, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Control, Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot

Experimental Timeline: Rats were treated with EE, RJ, and EE + RJ for 14 consecutive days. Stress was induced on days 8–14. Behavioral tests were conducted on days 15–18. On day 19, the animals were decapitated to assess serum corticosterone and hippocampal BDNF levels.

Journal: IBRO Neuroscience Reports

Article Title: Pre-treatment with royal jelly, environmental enrichment, and their combination role in stress induced neurobehavioral deficits in male rats

doi: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2026.03.012

Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimental Timeline: Rats were treated with EE, RJ, and EE + RJ for 14 consecutive days. Stress was induced on days 8–14. Behavioral tests were conducted on days 15–18. On day 19, the animals were decapitated to assess serum corticosterone and hippocampal BDNF levels.

Article Snippet: The evaluation of serum corticosterone levels and hippocampal BDNF levels was conducted using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a commercially available ELISA kit (E20160505043, Hangzhou Eastbiopharm Co. Ltd., Zhejiang Province, China) and rat BDNF ELISA kits from Boster Biological Technology Co. with a sensitivity limit of 4 pg/ml following the instructions provided by the manufacturer.

Techniques:

The effects of EE and RJ treatment on the hippocampal BDNF expression. The BDNF levels in the stressed group were significantly decreased than in the control group. EE and RJ treatment increased BDNF levels in the stressed rats. *, **, and *** represent p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001 v.s. the Non-stressed control group, respectively; ^^ and ^^^ represent p < 0.01 and p < 0.001 v.s. the Non-treatment stressed group, respectively.

Journal: IBRO Neuroscience Reports

Article Title: Pre-treatment with royal jelly, environmental enrichment, and their combination role in stress induced neurobehavioral deficits in male rats

doi: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2026.03.012

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects of EE and RJ treatment on the hippocampal BDNF expression. The BDNF levels in the stressed group were significantly decreased than in the control group. EE and RJ treatment increased BDNF levels in the stressed rats. *, **, and *** represent p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001 v.s. the Non-stressed control group, respectively; ^^ and ^^^ represent p < 0.01 and p < 0.001 v.s. the Non-treatment stressed group, respectively.

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