Journal: Journal of Advanced Research

Article Title: Boronic acid derivatives inhibit Candida albicans growth by compromising energy metabolism

doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2025.07.044

Figure Lengend Snippet: Transcriptome sequencing analysis of C. albicans treated with BD11 . (A) Volcano plots display comparisons of C. albicans ATCC 10231 treated with DMSO or BD11 (6.25 µg/mL) for 8h. The two vertical dashed lines in the graph indicate the 2-fold expression difference threshold and the horizontal dashed line represents the P -value threshold of 0.05. Red dots indicate up-regulated genes, blue dots indicate down-regulated genes, and grey dots represent genes with no significant difference in expression. (B) The most significantly enriched 20 GO terms for DEGs. Circle size represents the gene number. The FDR (false discovery rate, corrected P -value) generally ranges from 0 to 1, with values closer to zero indicating more significant enrichment. (C) Top 30 KEGG pathways for DEGs. The horizontal axis represents the pathway name, and the vertical axis represents the −log 10 of the P -value for each pathway's enrichment. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: BD11 or DMSO treatment of C. albicans ATCC 10231 samples was performed as described in the electron microscopy methods section.

Techniques: Sequencing, Expressing

Journal: Journal of Advanced Research

Article Title: Boronic acid derivatives inhibit Candida albicans growth by compromising energy metabolism

doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2025.07.044

Figure Lengend Snippet: BD11 impairs cell wall integrity and perturbs energy metabolism in C. albicans . (A) Representative TEM images of C. albicans ATCC 10231 and BD11 -treated C. albicans ATCC 10231 (n = 3). Scale bar, 500 nm. The structures indicated by the arrows are mitochondria. (B) Calcofluor white staining of C. albicans ATCC 10231 treated with DMSO or BD11 (0.78, 1.56, and 3.125 µg/mL) at 30 °C for 6 h (n = 3). (C) Intracellular ATP content in C. albicans ATCC 10231 treated with DMSO or BD11 (0.78, 1.56, and 3.125 µg/mL) at 30 °C for 6h (n = 4). (D) The intracellular SDH activity in C. albicans ATCC 10231 treated with DMSO or BD11 (0.78, 1.56, and 3.125 µg/mL) at 30 °C for 6h (n = 4). The data are shown as the mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001 vs DMSO.

Article Snippet: BD11 or DMSO treatment of C. albicans ATCC 10231 samples was performed as described in the electron microscopy methods section.

Techniques: Staining, Activity Assay

Journal: Journal of Advanced Research

Article Title: Boronic acid derivatives inhibit Candida albicans growth by compromising energy metabolism

doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2025.07.044

Figure Lengend Snippet: Compound BD11 inhibits C. albicans filamentation and biofilm formation. (A) Representative images of C. albicans ATCC 10231 were grown at 30 °C or 42°C for 6 h in the absence or presence of a gradient of BD11 (n = 3). (B) Representative images of C. albicans ATCC 10231 were grown at 42°C for 6 h or 12 h in the absence or presence of a gradient of BD11 (n = 3). (C–D) Biofilms formed by C. albicans ATCC 10231 (C) or C. albicans CMCC 98001 (D) were grown at 37 °C for 24 h in the absence or presence of BD11 as indicated. Crystal violet staining was used for the quantitative analysis of biofilms (n = 3). (E) Intracellular ATP content in C. albicans ATCC 10231 treated with DMSO or BD11 (0.78, 1.56, and 3.125 µg/mL) at 42 °C for 6 h (n = 5). (F) qPCR analysis of mRNA levels of RAS1 (n = 4) , TPK2 (n = 3) and EFG1 (n = 3) in C. albicans ATCC 10231 treated with DMSO or BD11 (0.78, 1.56, and 3.125 µg/mL) at 42 °C for 6 h. The data are shown as the mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, **** P < 0.0001 vs. DMSO. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: BD11 or DMSO treatment of C. albicans ATCC 10231 samples was performed as described in the electron microscopy methods section.

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Poultry Science

Article Title: RACK1 inhibits fowl adenovirus serotype 4 replication by targeting the viral protein Hexon for ubiquitin-proteasome degradation

doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2026.106627

Figure Lengend Snippet: Interaction with RACK1 targets Hexon for degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. ( A ) LMH cells were co-transfected with Flag-Hexon (2 µg) and Myc-RACK1 (2 µg) for different time (24 and 48 h). After transfection, the cell lysates were harvested and examined by Western blotting. ( B ) LMH cells were co-transfected with Flag-Hexon and Myc-RACK1 (0.4 or 2 µg) for 24 h. After transfection, the cell lysates were harvested and examined by Western blotting. ( C ) The relative expression levels of Flag-Hexon in panel A. ( D ) The relative expression levels of Flag-Hexon in panel B. ( E ) LMH cells were co-transfected with Flag-Hexon and Myc-RACK1 or Flag-Hexon and empty vector. At 24 h post transfection, cells were treated with cycloheximide (CHX, 50 μg/mL) at different time points (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h) before being harvested. Cell lysates were prepared and examined by Western blotting using the indicated antibodies. (F ) The relative expression levels of Flag-Hexon in panel E. ( G ) LMH cells were pretreated with DMSO, Z-VAD-FMK, NH 4 Cl for 2 h, followed by co-transfection with Flag-Hexon and Myc-RACK1 for 24 h in the presence of the respective inhibitors. Cell lysates were prepared and examined with Western blotting using the indicated antibodies. For MG132 (10 μM), cells were not pretreated; instead, this inhibitor was added to the culture medium 12 h prior to sample collection. ( H ) The relative expression levels of Flag-Hexon in panel G. Data are representative of three independent experiments and presented as means ± SD. ***, P < 0.001; **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05; ns, P > 0.05.

Article Snippet: Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Z-VAD-FMK, MG132, BafA1, NH 4 Cl were purchased from MedChemExpress (MCE, China).

Techniques: Ubiquitin Proteomics, Transfection, Western Blot, Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, Cotransfection