Journal: Nature
Article Title: Cellular ATP demand creates metabolically distinct subpopulations of mitochondria
doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-08146-w
Figure Lengend Snippet: a . Time-lapse sequence (in minutes) illustrating the clustering of P5CS-GFP in MEFs through mitochondrial fusion. P5CS-GFP clustering was monitored 7 hours after switching cells to galactose media, capturing two distinct events (white arrows and orange arrows). See also Supplementary Video 2 . b , c . Western blot analysis of MEFs defective in mitochondrial fusion. HA-tagged MFN2 ( b ) or Flag-tagged MFN1 ( c ) cDNA was introduced to restore the ability of cells to engage in mitochondrial fusion. Actin is used as a loading control. d . Representative immunofluorescence images of endogenous P5CS and ATP5B in Mfn1 −/− MEFs expressing either empty vector (Empty) or Flag-tagged MFN1 (MFN1-Flag). MEFs were cultured in galactose medium for 8 hours. e . Western blot of DRP1 expression in wildtype, Drp1 −/− , and Drp1 −/− MEF rescued with DRP1 cDNA. Actin is used as a loading control. f . Representative immunostained images of endogenous P5CS, ATP5B, and TOM20 from Mff , Fis1 , Mid49 , Mid51 quadruple knockout (QKO) MEFs cultured in galactose medium for 8 hours. Relative pixel intensity plots corresponding to orange lines in gated area are shown on the right panels of each figure. g . Steady-state proline level measured by GC-MS in wildtype or QKO MEFs. Values are shown relative to the mean of WT MEFs. For all immunofluorescence images, DAPI was used to stain the nucleus. Scale bars are indicated as follows: 5 μm for panels a , d , and f , and 2 μm for all insets and enlarged images within panels a , d , and f . Data are presented as mean ± s.d. from n = 3 independent replicates. Statistical significance was determined using two-tailed t-tests.
Article Snippet: Mfn1 −/− (CRL-2992), Opa1 −/− (CRL-2995), Mfn1 −/− and Mfn2 −/− double knockout MEF (CRL-2994) and corresponding wildtype MEFs (CRL-2991) were obtained from the ATCC.
Techniques: Sequencing, Western Blot, Control, Immunofluorescence, Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, Cell Culture, Quadruple Knockout, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Staining, Two Tailed Test