Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: A rabbit anti-human CD38 antibody for eliminating daratumumab and isatuximab interference in immunohematology testing

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1726341

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression, characterization, and functional evaluation of rabbit anti-hCD38 polyclonal antibody. (A) Purity and molecular weight of hCD38-His protein detected via SDS–PAGE and Coomassie brilliant blue staining. (B) Purity and molecular weight of rabbit anti-hCD38 pAb analyzed via SDS–PAGE and Coomassie staining. (C) Affinity of rabbit pAb to hCD38-His determined via ELISA (EC 50 = 86.93 ng/mL). (D) Results of indirect anti-human globulin tests in the presence (plus sign) or absence (minus sign) of DARA and pAb are shown. pAb-treated RBCs eliminated DARA-induced pan-agglutination in IAT. (E) Same as panel (D) , using ISA-spiked plasma. The results showed that treatment with pAb eliminated ISA-induced pan-agglutination in IAT. Rabbit pAb, rabbit anti-human CD38 polyclonal antibody; DARA, daratumumab; ISA, isatuximab; pAb, polyclonal antibody; RBCs, red blood cells; IAT, indirect antiglobulin test. A solid pellet at the bottom of the tubes indicates a negative result, and suspended particles (red cell agglutinates) within the gel matrix indicate a positive test result (either a 1+ or 2+ degree of agglutination).

Article Snippet: The human CD38 gene vector (Sino Biological, NP_001766 , Cat. HG10818-M, Beijing, China) was amplified using primers listed in .

Techniques: Expressing, Functional Assay, Molecular Weight, SDS Page, Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Agglutination, Clinical Proteomics, Indirect Antiglobulin Test

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: A rabbit anti-human CD38 antibody for eliminating daratumumab and isatuximab interference in immunohematology testing

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1726341

Figure Lengend Snippet: Preparation, expression, and identification of rabbit anti-human CD38 monoclonal antibodies. (A) Flow cytometric sorting of single B cells; FITC/allophycocyanin (APC) (AF647) double-positive cells in AE gate selected. (B) Purity and molecular weight of rabbit mAbs were detected via staining with Coomassie brilliant blue. (C) ELISA analysis of rabbit mAb binding to hCD38-His. (D) ForteBio Octet determination of the affinities of rabbit mAbs toward hCD38-His. The binding affinity parameter KD was calculated, as reported using ForteBio Data Analysis Software 8.0 (Fremont, CA, USA). (E) Epitope competition assay with DARA by ForteBio. Green, A3; purple, D2. (F) Flow cytometry showing D2 and A3 binding to RBC-expressed CD38. Rabbit mAbs, rabbit anti-human CD38 monoclonal antibodies; DARA, daratumumab; RBC, red blood cell.

Article Snippet: The human CD38 gene vector (Sino Biological, NP_001766 , Cat. HG10818-M, Beijing, China) was amplified using primers listed in .

Techniques: Expressing, Bioprocessing, Molecular Weight, Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Binding Assay, Software, Competitive Binding Assay, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: A rabbit anti-human CD38 antibody for eliminating daratumumab and isatuximab interference in immunohematology testing

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1726341

Figure Lengend Snippet: Elimination of DARA- and ISA-induced interference in IAT using rabbit anti-human CD38 monoclonal antibodies and optimization of D2 treatment conditions. Results of indirect anti-human globulin tests in the presence (plus sign) or absence (minus sign) of DARA/ISA and A3/D2 are shown. (A) A3-treated RBCs failed to eliminate DARA-induced interference in IAT. (B, C) D2-treated RBCs eliminated DARA- and ISA-induced pan-agglutination in IAT. (D) Tube 1: negative control. Tube 2: positive control for the DARA interference. Tubes 3–9: per μL of packed RBCs was treated with varying volumes of 1–30 μL D2 (1 mg/mL), and at least 3 μL of 1 mg/mL D2 was required to effectively eliminate DARA interference. (E) Per μL packed RBCs was treated with 3 μL of D2 at room temperature for varying durations (5–15 minutes). Optimization experiments demonstrated that an incubation time of 10 minutes at room temperature was sufficient to eliminate DARA interference in the presence of D2. DARA, daratumumab; ISA, isatuximab; IAT, indirect antiglobulin test; RBCs, red blood cells. A solid pellet at the bottom of the tubes indicates a negative result, and suspended particles (red cell agglutinates) within the gel matrix indicate a positive test result (either a 1+ or 2+ degree of agglutination).

Article Snippet: The human CD38 gene vector (Sino Biological, NP_001766 , Cat. HG10818-M, Beijing, China) was amplified using primers listed in .

Techniques: Bioprocessing, Agglutination, Negative Control, Positive Control, Incubation, Indirect Antiglobulin Test

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: A rabbit anti-human CD38 antibody for eliminating daratumumab and isatuximab interference in immunohematology testing

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1726341

Figure Lengend Snippet: Elimination of DARA- and ISA-induced interference in IAT using rabbit anti-human CD38 monoclonal antibodies and optimization of D2 treatment conditions. Results of indirect anti-human globulin tests in the presence (plus sign) or absence (minus sign) of DARA/ISA and A3/D2 are shown. (A) A3-treated RBCs failed to eliminate DARA-induced interference in IAT. (B, C) D2-treated RBCs eliminated DARA- and ISA-induced pan-agglutination in IAT. (D) Tube 1: negative control. Tube 2: positive control for the DARA interference. Tubes 3–9: per μL of packed RBCs was treated with varying volumes of 1–30 μL D2 (1 mg/mL), and at least 3 μL of 1 mg/mL D2 was required to effectively eliminate DARA interference. (E) Per μL packed RBCs was treated with 3 μL of D2 at room temperature for varying durations (5–15 minutes). Optimization experiments demonstrated that an incubation time of 10 minutes at room temperature was sufficient to eliminate DARA interference in the presence of D2. DARA, daratumumab; ISA, isatuximab; IAT, indirect antiglobulin test; RBCs, red blood cells. A solid pellet at the bottom of the tubes indicates a negative result, and suspended particles (red cell agglutinates) within the gel matrix indicate a positive test result (either a 1+ or 2+ degree of agglutination).

Article Snippet: The human CD38 gene vector (Sino Biological, NP_001766 , Cat. HG10818-M, Beijing, China) was amplified using primers listed in .

Techniques: Bioprocessing, Agglutination, Negative Control, Positive Control, Incubation, Indirect Antiglobulin Test

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: A rabbit anti-human CD38 antibody for eliminating daratumumab and isatuximab interference in immunohematology testing

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1726341

Figure Lengend Snippet: Stability of D2 and its efficacy in eliminating therapeutic anti-CD38 antibody interference. Results of indirect anti-human globulin (Coombs’) tests in the presence (plus sign) or absence (minus sign) of daratumumab and D2 are shown. (A) Distribution of anti-CD38 antibody titers (n = 49) and their association with clinical response status. (B) Agglutination scores comparing the efficacy of DTT and D2 in reducing therapeutic anti-CD38 antibody interference. (C) To evaluate the storage stability of D2, it was stored at 4°C, −20°C, and −80°C, and its ability to eliminate DARA interference was assessed via IAT after 1 month (D) , 3 months (E) , or 6 months. A solid pellet at the bottom of the tubes indicates a negative result, and suspended particles (red cell agglutinates) within the gel matrix indicate a positive test result (either a 1+ or 2+ degree of agglutination). DTT, dithiothreitol; DARA, daratumumab; IAT, indirect antiglobulin test.

Article Snippet: The human CD38 gene vector (Sino Biological, NP_001766 , Cat. HG10818-M, Beijing, China) was amplified using primers listed in .

Techniques: Agglutination, Indirect Antiglobulin Test