Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Human serum influences functional plasticity and transcriptomic landscape of γδ T cells in vitro

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1722590

Figure Lengend Snippet: Impact of serum on γδ T cell expansion and phenotype. (A) Fold expansion comparison with and without 5% human AB serum in the culture medium, analyzed using the Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test, n=14. (B) Cellular composition assessed by flow cytometry throughout the expansion, illustrated for a representative donor. (C) γδ T cell phenotype determined by flow cytometry based on CD27 and CD45RA expression. Exemplary plots on day 13 and proportions throughout the culture for a representative donor. (D) Expression of activation markers on γδ T cells analyzed by flow cytometry. Šídák’s multiple comparisons test, n=15 for CD69, CD56, and HLA-DR; n=6 for NKG2D. (E) Expression of inhibitory and exhaustion markers on γδ T cells, analyzed by flow cytometry. Šídák’s multiple comparisons test, n=15. In the figures, the significance levels denoted by stars are as follows: *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, ns = non-significant.

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used for cell surface staining and intracellular staining: anti-human CD107a REA803, anti-human CD14 REA599, anti-human CD19 REA675, anti-human CD27 REA499, anti-human CD3 REA613, anti-human CD45RA REA562, anti-human CD56 REA196, anti-human CD69 REA824, anti-human Granzyme B REA226, anti-human HLA/DR REA805, anti-human IFNγ 45-15, anti-human KIR2D REA1042, anti-human NKG2D REA797, anti-human PD-1 REA1165, anti-human Perforin REA1061, anti-human REA Control (I) REA293, anti-human REA Control (S) REA293, anti-human TCR Vδ1 REA173, anti-human TCR Vδ2 REA771, anti-human TCR γδ REA591, anti-human TIGIT REA1004, and anti-human TIM3 F38-2E2 (all from Miltenyi Biotec).

Techniques: Comparison, Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Activation Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Awakening intracellular immunity for functional HIV cure

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.04.697570

Figure Lengend Snippet: a , RAG1/RAG2 expression in HIV-infected human CD4⁺ T cells following DOS treatment (single dose, 4h), showing rapid induction and complete resolution within 72 hours of treatment. MFI, mean fluorescence intensity (RAG1, n = 6 donors; RAG2, n = 5 donors). In some experiments, the T cells were pre-treated with MG-132 (1mM) prior to DOS treatment ( top right ). b , Reversible DNA-damage signalling assessed by γH2AX foci formation following rejuvenation driven HIV eradication, with resolution over time (96h) and no evidence of persistent genomic stress ( n = 6 donors). c , Stem-like T cell induction among cured T cells (CD4 + CD45RA + CD27 + CD28 + CCR7 + , CD62L + , CD95 + ) after a one-week culture and repeated dose treatment throughout (dose escalation). Data are from n = 6 donors. d , Cell viability (Annexin V) show no increase in cell death following DOS exposure, indicating that HIV clearance is not attributable to cytotoxicity or clonal selection ( n = 3 donors). Similar RAG/ γH2AX resolution was observed following repeated (dose escalation) DOS treatment in one-week cultures. In a - d , a paired Student’s t-test. Data are shown as mean ± s.e.m. *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001; ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: In some experiments, cells were evaluated for H2AX (Cell Signaling, 2595S; 1:100) and stem like reprogramming with antibodies to CD4 (PerCP5.5, BioLegend, 557956; 1:100), CCR7 (Brillant Violet 421, Biolegend, 100540; 1:100); CD27 (PerCP-Vio 700, Miltenyi; 130-120-037; 1:100); CD28 (PerCP/Cy5.5, BioLegend, 302922; 1:100); CD45RA (BV510, BioLegend, 304142; 1:100); CD62L (PE-Vio 770; Miltenyi; 130-113-621; 1:100) and CD95 (FITC, Miltenyi, 130-122-950; 1:100).

Techniques: Expressing, Infection, Fluorescence, Selection