Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Immunomodulatory effects of biodegradable Mg–Cu–Zn alloy in esophageal cancer

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.046

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of CD163 + M2 TAMs in AKR-derived allograft tumor tissues from immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice. (a, b) Representative IHC staining images showing CD163 + M2 TAMs in the (a) peritumoral stroma and (b) tumor islets. Lower panels display higher-magnification views of the regions outlined by red dashed boxes. (c, d) Quantification of CD163 + cells in the (c) peritumoral stroma and (d) tumor islets. (e) Comparison of CD163 + cell density between the peritumoral stroma and tumor islets. (f) Total number of CD163 + cells in allograft tumors (peritumoral stroma and tumor islets combined). (g, h) Comparison of the density between iNOS + cells and CD163 + cells in the (g) peritumoral stroma and (h) tumor islets. (i, j) Quantification of iNOS + /CD163 + ratio in the (i) peritumoral stroma and (j) tumor islets. p < 0.05 (∗), p < 0.01 (∗∗), p < 0.001 (∗∗∗). A field of view is ∼0.086 mm 2 in (c−j).

Article Snippet: Tissue sections were then incubated with primary antibodies against iNOS (22226-1-AP, ProteinTech, China), CD163 (A26411PM, Abclone, China), CD8 (SP16, Maixin, China), CD4 (SP35, Maixin, China) or Ki-67 (12202S, Cell Signaling Technology) for 12 h at 4 °C, followed by secondary antibodies (Beyotime Biotechnology, Nantong, China).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Immunohistochemistry, Comparison

Journal: International Dental Journal

Article Title: MT2A-Mediated Regulation of Cuproptosis in Human Dental Pulp Cells Modulates Macrophage M1 Polarization in Pulpitis

doi: 10.1016/j.identj.2026.109506

Figure Lengend Snippet: MT2A knockdown in hDPCs cuproptosis model enhances macrophage migration and M1 polarization, A. Pearson correlation coefficients among immune cells and the MT2A in human pulp tissues from GEO database ( GSE92681 and GSE77459 ); B .Immunofluorescence staining of CD68 protein in human healthy pulp tissues (n = 3) and pulpitis tissues (n = 3); C. Transwell assays detected the migration of macrophages (n = 3); D. Flow cytometry detected the polarization of macrophages by the expression of CD80 and CD163 (n = 3).

Article Snippet: The cells were resuspended with 300 μL PBS and incubated with antibodies against human CD163 (PTM Bio) and CD80 (Affinity Biosciences) for 1 h on ice.

Techniques: Knockdown, Migration, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Flow Cytometry, Expressing

Journal: International Dental Journal

Article Title: MT2A-Mediated Regulation of Cuproptosis in Human Dental Pulp Cells Modulates Macrophage M1 Polarization in Pulpitis

doi: 10.1016/j.identj.2026.109506

Figure Lengend Snippet: MTII knockdown enhances macrophage infiltration and M1 polarization in the mouse pulpitis model, A. Transwell assays detected the migration of macrophages (n = 3); B. Flow cytometry detected the polarization of macrophages by the expression of CD80 and CD163 (n = 3); C. IF staining of MTII, F4/80 and iNOS protein (n = 5).

Article Snippet: The cells were resuspended with 300 μL PBS and incubated with antibodies against human CD163 (PTM Bio) and CD80 (Affinity Biosciences) for 1 h on ice.

Techniques: Knockdown, Migration, Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Staining

Journal: International Journal of Oncology

Article Title: Hypoxia-induced exosomal CAMTA1 promotes radio-resistance in MDA-MB-231 cells by regulating NRG1 to mediate M2 macrophage polarization

doi: 10.3892/ijo.2026.5875

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hypoxic MDA-MB-231 cells induces the M2 polarization of THP-1 macrophages. (A) The protein expression of HIF-1α was assessed using immunoblotting analysis. (B) The protein expression of HIF-1α in hypoxic MDA-MB-231/THP-1 co-cultures was assessed using immunoblotting analysis. (C) The cell migration was detected using Transwell. (D and E) The level of CD163 was detected using flow cytometry. The levels of (F) IL-10 and (G) IL-12 were detected using ELISA-related assay kits. ** P<0.01 and *** P<0.001. HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α.

Article Snippet: Subsequently, the cells were incubated with CD163 antibody (cat. no. 16627; 1:50; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.) at room temperature for 30 min. A BD FACSCanto II flow cytometer (BD Biosciences) was used to assess CD163 expression and the data analysis was processed using FlowJo software (version 10.8.1; FlowJo LLC; BD Biosciences).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Migration, Flow Cytometry, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: International Journal of Oncology

Article Title: Hypoxia-induced exosomal CAMTA1 promotes radio-resistance in MDA-MB-231 cells by regulating NRG1 to mediate M2 macrophage polarization

doi: 10.3892/ijo.2026.5875

Figure Lengend Snippet: NRG1 expression is associated with M2 polarization and poor prognosis. (A) The expression of NRG1 in BC samples using TCGA database. (B) Spearman correlation analysis between NRG1 and CD163 expression in breast cancer samples. (C) The association of NRG1 expression with the overall survival in BC patients. NRG1, neuregulin 1; BC, breast cancer; TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas; GEPIA, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis.

Article Snippet: Subsequently, the cells were incubated with CD163 antibody (cat. no. 16627; 1:50; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.) at room temperature for 30 min. A BD FACSCanto II flow cytometer (BD Biosciences) was used to assess CD163 expression and the data analysis was processed using FlowJo software (version 10.8.1; FlowJo LLC; BD Biosciences).

Techniques: Expressing, Gene Expression

Journal: International Journal of Oncology

Article Title: Hypoxia-induced exosomal CAMTA1 promotes radio-resistance in MDA-MB-231 cells by regulating NRG1 to mediate M2 macrophage polarization

doi: 10.3892/ijo.2026.5875

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hypoxic MDA-MB-231 cells induces the M2 polarization of THP-1 macrophages via NRG1. (A) The mRNA expression of NRG1 was detected using RT-qPCR. (B) The transfection efficacy of Ov-NRG1 was detected using RT-qPCR and immunoblotting analysis. (C) The transfection efficacy of si-NRG1 was detected using RT-qPCR and immunoblotting analysis. (D) The level of IL-10 was detected using ELISA-related IL-10 assay kits. (E and F) The level of CD163 was detected using flow cytometry. (G) Following the treatment of anti-NRG1 blocking antibody, the level of IL-10 was detected using ELISA-related IL-10 assay kits. (H-I) Following the treatment of anti-NRG1 blocking antibody, the level of CD163 was detected using flow cytometry. * P<0.05, ** P<0.01 and *** P<0.001. NRG1, neuregulin 1; RT-qPCR, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR; Ov, overexpression; si, small interfering.

Article Snippet: Subsequently, the cells were incubated with CD163 antibody (cat. no. 16627; 1:50; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.) at room temperature for 30 min. A BD FACSCanto II flow cytometer (BD Biosciences) was used to assess CD163 expression and the data analysis was processed using FlowJo software (version 10.8.1; FlowJo LLC; BD Biosciences).

Techniques: Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Transfection, Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Flow Cytometry, Blocking Assay, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Over Expression

Journal: International Journal of Oncology

Article Title: Hypoxia-induced exosomal CAMTA1 promotes radio-resistance in MDA-MB-231 cells by regulating NRG1 to mediate M2 macrophage polarization

doi: 10.3892/ijo.2026.5875

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hypoxic MDA-MB-231 cells mediate the M2 polarization of THP-1 macrophages via exosomes. (A) The cell migration was detected using Transwell. Scale: 100 μ m. (B) The level of CD163 was detected using flow cytometry analysis. (C) The level for IL-10 was detected using ELISA-related IL-10 assay kits. (D) Transmission electron microscope was used for the inspection of exosomes. Scale: 100 μ m. (E) The analysis of exosome particle size. (F) The expressions of exosomal marker proteins were detected using immunoblotting analysis. (G) PKH67 staining was used to trace the exosomes. (H) The level of CD163 was detected using flow cytometry analysis. ** P<0.01 and *** P<0.001.

Article Snippet: Subsequently, the cells were incubated with CD163 antibody (cat. no. 16627; 1:50; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.) at room temperature for 30 min. A BD FACSCanto II flow cytometer (BD Biosciences) was used to assess CD163 expression and the data analysis was processed using FlowJo software (version 10.8.1; FlowJo LLC; BD Biosciences).

Techniques: Migration, Flow Cytometry, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Transmission Assay, Microscopy, Marker, Western Blot, Staining

Journal: International Journal of Oncology

Article Title: Hypoxia-induced exosomal CAMTA1 promotes radio-resistance in MDA-MB-231 cells by regulating NRG1 to mediate M2 macrophage polarization

doi: 10.3892/ijo.2026.5875

Figure Lengend Snippet: Exosomal CAMTA1 promotes the M2 polarization of THP-1 macrophages. (A) The expression of CAMTA1 in BC samples was predicted using TCGA database. (B) The mRNA expression of CAMTA1 in MDA-MB-231 cells was detected using RT-qPCR. (C) The mRNA expression of CAMTA1 in exosomes was detected using RT-qPCR. (D) The mRNA expression of CAMTA1 in THP-1 macrophages was detected using RT-qPCR. (E) The transfection efficacy of sh-CAMTA1 was detected using RT-qPCR and immunoblotting analysis. (F) The mRNA expression of CAMTA1 in transfected MDA-MB-231 cells was detected using RT-qPCR. (G) The mRNA expression of CAMTA1 in transfected exosomes was detected using RT-qPCR. (H) The cell migration was detected using Transwell. (I and J) The level of CD163 was detected using flow cytometry analysis. (K) The level of IL-10 was detected using ELISA-related IL-10 assay kits. * P<0.05, ** P<0.01 and *** P<0.001. CAMTA1, Calmodulin-binding Transcription Activator 1; BC, breast cancer; TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas; RT-qPCR, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR; sh, short hairpin.

Article Snippet: Subsequently, the cells were incubated with CD163 antibody (cat. no. 16627; 1:50; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.) at room temperature for 30 min. A BD FACSCanto II flow cytometer (BD Biosciences) was used to assess CD163 expression and the data analysis was processed using FlowJo software (version 10.8.1; FlowJo LLC; BD Biosciences).

Techniques: Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Transfection, Western Blot, Migration, Flow Cytometry, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Binding Assay, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Journal: International Journal of Oncology

Article Title: Hypoxia-induced exosomal CAMTA1 promotes radio-resistance in MDA-MB-231 cells by regulating NRG1 to mediate M2 macrophage polarization

doi: 10.3892/ijo.2026.5875

Figure Lengend Snippet: Exosomal CAMTA1 promotes tumor growth in vivo . (A) The transfection efficacy of Ov-CAMTA1 was detected using RT-qPCR and immunoblotting analysis. (B) The appearance of tumor. The tumor (C) volume and (D) weight. (E) The mRNA expression of CAMTA1 was detected using RT-qPCR. (F) The level of IL-10 was detected using ELISA-related IL-10 assay kits. (G) The level of CD163 was detected using immunohistochemistry analysis. (H) H&E staining. (I) The expression of Caspase 3 was detected using immunohistochemistry analysis. (J) The Spearman correlation analysis of CAMTA1 and NRG1. (K) The expression of NRG1 was detected using immunohistochemistry analysis. * P<0.05, ** P<0.01 and *** P<0.001. CAMTA1, Calmodulin-binding Transcription Activator 1; Ov, overexpression; RT-qPCR, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; NRG1, neuregulin 1.

Article Snippet: Subsequently, the cells were incubated with CD163 antibody (cat. no. 16627; 1:50; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.) at room temperature for 30 min. A BD FACSCanto II flow cytometer (BD Biosciences) was used to assess CD163 expression and the data analysis was processed using FlowJo software (version 10.8.1; FlowJo LLC; BD Biosciences).

Techniques: In Vivo, Transfection, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Immunohistochemistry, Staining, Binding Assay, Over Expression, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction