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vamp2 rb  (Synaptic Systems)


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    Structured Review

    Synaptic Systems vamp2 rb
    ( A ) Confocal image of a VGLUT2 + dopamine neuron in primary midbrain culture from HA-VMAT2 KI mice. Scale bar, 10 μm. ( B ) Magnified regions from white boxes in (A) and fluorescence intensity profiles of HA-VMAT2, VGLUT2, and TH along a line ROI, showing overlapping VGLUT2 and HA-VMAT2 peaks. Scale bars, 3 μm. ( C ) Scatterplot of HA-VMAT2 and VGLUT2 signal in individual presynaptic varicosities from VGLUT2 + dopamine neurons (colors indicate individual neurons). ( D ) Quantification of HA-VMAT2 in the presynaptic terminals of dopamine-only versus VMAT2 + /VGLUT2 + neurons and VGLUT2 in glutamate-only versus VMAT2 + /VGLUT2 + neurons. DA, dopamine; Glu, glutamate. Each data point represents mean of ROIs per image ( n = 19/21 for HA-VMAT2 and 11/20 for VGLUT2 from two independent cultures). Data indicate mean ± SEM; *** P = 0.0006 by Mann-Whitney test. Confocal images of a dopamine/glutamate neuron ( E ) or dopamine-only neuron ( F ) stained for TH (not shown), synaptophysin, HA-VMAT2, and VGLUT2. Gray arrowheads in (E) point to VGLUT2 + /VMAT2 + varicosities and white arrowheads in (F) to VMAT2-only terminals. In both images, orange arrowheads point to VGLUT2-only terminals likely from glutamate neurons. Scale bars, 10 μm. Quantification of <t>VAMP2</t> ( G ), Slc10A4 ( H ), syt1 ( I ), syt2 ( J ), SCAMP5 ( K ), synaptophysin ( L ), and CSPα ( M ) in presynaptic terminals of dopamine-only or VMAT2 + /VGLUT2 + neurons. Each data point represents mean of individual ROIs per image [ n = 17/11 (G), 15/8 (H), 8/10 (I), 11/6 (J), 11/8 (K), 24/17 (L), or 22/14 (M)]. Quantifications were performed on images from two [(G), (H), (J), and (K)] or three [(I), (L), and (M)] independent cultures. Data indicate mean ± SEM. ** P < 0.01 by unpaired t test (K and M) or Mann-Whitney test (L). Scatterplots showing correlations between Slc10A4 ( N ) and synaptophysin ( O ) with HA-VMAT2 (magenta) or VGLUT2 (orange) in presynaptic terminals containing both transporters.
    Vamp2 Rb, supplied by Synaptic Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 71 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/anti-vamp2/104+202/pmc13394401-349-61-64
    Average 94 stars, based on 71 article reviews
    vamp2 rb - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    94/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "Synaptic vesicles that store monoamines and glutamate differ in protein composition"

    Article Title: Synaptic vesicles that store monoamines and glutamate differ in protein composition

    Journal: Science Advances

    doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adz6836

    ( A ) Confocal image of a VGLUT2 + dopamine neuron in primary midbrain culture from HA-VMAT2 KI mice. Scale bar, 10 μm. ( B ) Magnified regions from white boxes in (A) and fluorescence intensity profiles of HA-VMAT2, VGLUT2, and TH along a line ROI, showing overlapping VGLUT2 and HA-VMAT2 peaks. Scale bars, 3 μm. ( C ) Scatterplot of HA-VMAT2 and VGLUT2 signal in individual presynaptic varicosities from VGLUT2 + dopamine neurons (colors indicate individual neurons). ( D ) Quantification of HA-VMAT2 in the presynaptic terminals of dopamine-only versus VMAT2 + /VGLUT2 + neurons and VGLUT2 in glutamate-only versus VMAT2 + /VGLUT2 + neurons. DA, dopamine; Glu, glutamate. Each data point represents mean of ROIs per image ( n = 19/21 for HA-VMAT2 and 11/20 for VGLUT2 from two independent cultures). Data indicate mean ± SEM; *** P = 0.0006 by Mann-Whitney test. Confocal images of a dopamine/glutamate neuron ( E ) or dopamine-only neuron ( F ) stained for TH (not shown), synaptophysin, HA-VMAT2, and VGLUT2. Gray arrowheads in (E) point to VGLUT2 + /VMAT2 + varicosities and white arrowheads in (F) to VMAT2-only terminals. In both images, orange arrowheads point to VGLUT2-only terminals likely from glutamate neurons. Scale bars, 10 μm. Quantification of VAMP2 ( G ), Slc10A4 ( H ), syt1 ( I ), syt2 ( J ), SCAMP5 ( K ), synaptophysin ( L ), and CSPα ( M ) in presynaptic terminals of dopamine-only or VMAT2 + /VGLUT2 + neurons. Each data point represents mean of individual ROIs per image [ n = 17/11 (G), 15/8 (H), 8/10 (I), 11/6 (J), 11/8 (K), 24/17 (L), or 22/14 (M)]. Quantifications were performed on images from two [(G), (H), (J), and (K)] or three [(I), (L), and (M)] independent cultures. Data indicate mean ± SEM. ** P < 0.01 by unpaired t test (K and M) or Mann-Whitney test (L). Scatterplots showing correlations between Slc10A4 ( N ) and synaptophysin ( O ) with HA-VMAT2 (magenta) or VGLUT2 (orange) in presynaptic terminals containing both transporters.
    Figure Legend Snippet: ( A ) Confocal image of a VGLUT2 + dopamine neuron in primary midbrain culture from HA-VMAT2 KI mice. Scale bar, 10 μm. ( B ) Magnified regions from white boxes in (A) and fluorescence intensity profiles of HA-VMAT2, VGLUT2, and TH along a line ROI, showing overlapping VGLUT2 and HA-VMAT2 peaks. Scale bars, 3 μm. ( C ) Scatterplot of HA-VMAT2 and VGLUT2 signal in individual presynaptic varicosities from VGLUT2 + dopamine neurons (colors indicate individual neurons). ( D ) Quantification of HA-VMAT2 in the presynaptic terminals of dopamine-only versus VMAT2 + /VGLUT2 + neurons and VGLUT2 in glutamate-only versus VMAT2 + /VGLUT2 + neurons. DA, dopamine; Glu, glutamate. Each data point represents mean of ROIs per image ( n = 19/21 for HA-VMAT2 and 11/20 for VGLUT2 from two independent cultures). Data indicate mean ± SEM; *** P = 0.0006 by Mann-Whitney test. Confocal images of a dopamine/glutamate neuron ( E ) or dopamine-only neuron ( F ) stained for TH (not shown), synaptophysin, HA-VMAT2, and VGLUT2. Gray arrowheads in (E) point to VGLUT2 + /VMAT2 + varicosities and white arrowheads in (F) to VMAT2-only terminals. In both images, orange arrowheads point to VGLUT2-only terminals likely from glutamate neurons. Scale bars, 10 μm. Quantification of VAMP2 ( G ), Slc10A4 ( H ), syt1 ( I ), syt2 ( J ), SCAMP5 ( K ), synaptophysin ( L ), and CSPα ( M ) in presynaptic terminals of dopamine-only or VMAT2 + /VGLUT2 + neurons. Each data point represents mean of individual ROIs per image [ n = 17/11 (G), 15/8 (H), 8/10 (I), 11/6 (J), 11/8 (K), 24/17 (L), or 22/14 (M)]. Quantifications were performed on images from two [(G), (H), (J), and (K)] or three [(I), (L), and (M)] independent cultures. Data indicate mean ± SEM. ** P < 0.01 by unpaired t test (K and M) or Mann-Whitney test (L). Scatterplots showing correlations between Slc10A4 ( N ) and synaptophysin ( O ) with HA-VMAT2 (magenta) or VGLUT2 (orange) in presynaptic terminals containing both transporters.

    Techniques Used: Fluorescence, MANN-WHITNEY, Staining

    Related Articles

    Western Blot:

    Article Title: The proteomic landscape of synaptic diversity across brain regions and cell types.
    Article Snippet: The following primary antibodies and corresponding dilution factors were used: anti-PSMA3 (Enzo, BML-PW8110-0100 – ms, 1:1000), anti-PSMB8 (Enzo, BML-PW8845-0100 –ms, 1:1000), anti-PSMB5 (CST, 12919 – rb, 1:1000), anti-PSME1 (Abcam, ab155091 – rb, 1:1000), anti-Histone H3 (Abcam, ab1791 – rb, 1:1000), anti-TH (SYSY, 213104 – gp, 1:1000), anti-PSD95 (Abcam, ab2723 – ms, 1:1000, used for Proteasome validation), anti-PSD95 (Thermo Fisher, MA1-046, ms, 1:1000, used for synaptosome prep analysis), anti-Mbp (Abcam, Ab62631– ms, 1:1000), anti-GFAP (Abcam, Ab7260 - rb, 1:1000), anti-Syn (SYSY, 106002, rb, 1:1000), anti-SYPH (Sigma, S5768, ms, 1:5000), anti-Gad1/2 (Enzo, ADI-MSA-225-E, ms, 1:1000), anti-Syt12 (SYSY, 299 003, rb, 1:1000), anti-Proton ATPase (SYSY, 109 003, rb, 1:1000), anti-Complexin-1/2 (SYSY, 122 102, rb, 1:1000), anti-Stx1a (SYSY, 110 111, ms, 1:1000), anti-Stx1b (SYSY, 110 403, rb 1:1000), anti-Syt2 (SYSY, 105 223, rb, 1:1000), anti-Rab3c (SYSY, 107 203, rb, 1:1000), anti-Vamp1 (SYSY, 104 002, rb, 1:1000), anti-Vamp2 (SYSY, 104 202, rb, 1:1000), anti-TH (SYSY, 213 104, gp, 1:1000), anti-Oxr1 (Abcam, ab251774, Cell 186, 5411–5427.e1–e7, November 22, 2023 e4 ll OPEN ACCESS Resource rb 1:1000), anti-Mapk3 (CST, 9101, rb, 1:1000) and anti-Atp6v1g1 (ProteinTech, 16143-1-AP, rb, 1:1000).

    Article Title:
    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies: anti-synaptophysin (101 002, Synaptic Systems) anti-synaptophysin (101 011, Synaptic Systems) anti-synaptophysin (101 308, Synaptic Systems) 3 n atu re p o rtfo lio | rep o rtin g su m m ary M a rch 2021 Validation anti-VAMP2 (104 211, Synaptic Systems) anti-Rab3A (107 111, Synaptic Systems) anti-ATG9A (ab108338, Abcam) anti-LC3 (PM036, MBL) anti-AP4E1 (612018, BD Transduction LaboratoriesTM) anti-Actin (691002, MP Biomedicals) anti-HA (MMS-101R, Covance) anti-GM130 (610822, BD Bioscience) anti-TGN46 (610822, AHP500GT, AbD Serotec) anti-TOMM40 (18409-1-AP, Proteintech) Materials for IF: Alexa Fluor 488 anti-mouse IgG (H+L) (A11001, Invitrogen) Alexa Fluor 594 anti-mouse IgG (H+L) (A21203, Invitrogen) Alexa Fluor 647 anti-mouse IgG (H+L) (A32787, Invitrogen) Alexa Fluor 594 anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) (A11037, Invitrogen) Alexa Fluor 647 anti-sheep IgG (H+L) (A21448, Invitrogen) Alexa Fluor 488 anti-guinea pig IgG (H+L) (A11073, Invitrogen) Streptavidin, Alexa Fluor 647 Conjugate (S32357, Invitrogen) Materials for WB: IRDye 800CW anti-mouse (926-32210, LI-COR) IRDye 800CW anti-rabbit (926-32211, LI-COR) IRDye 800CW anti-guinea pig (925-32411, LI-COR) IRDye 680LT anti-mouse (926-68020, LI-COR) IRDye 680LT anti-rabbit (926-68021, LI-COR) IRDye 680RD Streptavidin (926-68079, LI-COR) anti-synaptophysin (101 002): Suitable for WB, IP, ICC, IHC, EM, ELISA; reacts with Human, Rat, Mouse, Hamster, Cow, Chicken, Frog, Zebrafish [https://sysy.com/product/101002] anti-synaptophysin (101 011): Suitable for WB, IP, ICC, IHC, IHC-P, EM, ELISA; reacts with Human, Rat, Mouse, Mammals (weak signals for Zebrafish and other vertebrates.

    Article Title: Cd99l2 regulates excitatory synapse development and restrains immediate-early gene activation.
    Article Snippet: The antibodies used in western blot analyses were purchased from the following commercial sources: anti-Cd99l2 (R&D systems), anti-gephyrin (Synaptic Systems), anti-VAMP2 (Synaptic Systems), anti-Pan-Shank (UC Davis/ NIH NeuroMab Facility), anti-a-tubulin (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-GAD65 (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-GluA1 (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-GluN1 (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-GluN2A (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-GluN2B (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-PSD-95 (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-Synapsin I (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-Synaptophysin (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-mGluR5 (Abcam), anti-CREB (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-pCREB (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-Egr1 (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-ERK (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-pERK (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-pMEF2A (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-pSRF (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-b-actin (Bioworld Technology), anti-Arc (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-c-Fos (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-MEF2 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and anti-SRF (Santa Cruz Biotechnology).

    Article Title: Tomosyns attenuate SNARE assembly and synaptic depression by binding to VAMP2-containing template complexes
    Article Snippet: The following antibodies were KO validated: anti-VAMP2 (SySy) and anti-tomosyn1.

    Article Title: The interaction of tPA with NMDAR1 drives neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in α-synuclein-mediated neurotoxicity
    Article Snippet: The primary antibody used were: anti-actin (1:1000; A2066, Sigma), anti-TH (1:1000; ab112, Abcam), anti-VAMP2 (1:1000; 104 202, SySy), anti-PSD-95 (1:1000; 124 011, SySy) and anti-tPA (2 ug/mL; ASMTPA-GF-HT, Innovative Research).

    Article Title: Neuronal CD59 isoforms IRIS-1 and IRIS-2 as regulators of neurotransmitter release with implications for Alzheimer's disease.
    Article Snippet: The antibodies used for the western blot were anti-VAMP2 1:1000 (Synaptic Systems #104211) in 5% Milk, with Dako goat-anti-mouse 1:5000 as secondary, anti-PDI (Enzo life sciences #ADI-SPA-891-D) 1:100000 in EveryBlot, with Dako goat-anti-mouse 1:5000, antiβ-tubulin, 1:25000 in Quench (Abcam #Ab6046) with Dako goat-anti-rabbit 1:25000.

    Article Title: Neuronal CD59 isoforms IRIS-1 and IRIS-2 as regulators of neurotransmitter release with implications for Alzheimer’s disease
    Article Snippet: The antibodies used for the western blot were anti-VAMP2 1:1000 (Synaptic Systems #104211) in 5% Milk, with Dako goat-anti-mouse 1:5000 as secondary, anti-PDI (Enzo life sciences #ADI-SPA-891-D) 1:100000 in EveryBlot, with Dako goat-anti-mouse 1:5000, anti-β-tubulin, 1:25000 in Quench (Abcam #Ab6046) with Dako goat-anti-rabbit 1:25000.

    Article Title: The interaction of tPA with NMDAR1 drives neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in α-synuclein-mediated neurotoxicity.
    Article Snippet: The primary antibody used were: antiactin (1:1000; A2066, Sigma), anti-TH (1:1000; ab112, Abcam), anti-VAMP2 (1:1000; 104 202, SySy), antiPSD-95 (1:1000; 124 011, SySy) and anti-tPA (2 ug/mL; ASMTPA-GF-HT, Innovative Research).

    Milk:

    Article Title: The proteomic landscape of synaptic diversity across brain regions and cell types.
    Article Snippet: The following primary antibodies and corresponding dilution factors were used: anti-PSMA3 (Enzo, BML-PW8110-0100 – ms, 1:1000), anti-PSMB8 (Enzo, BML-PW8845-0100 –ms, 1:1000), anti-PSMB5 (CST, 12919 – rb, 1:1000), anti-PSME1 (Abcam, ab155091 – rb, 1:1000), anti-Histone H3 (Abcam, ab1791 – rb, 1:1000), anti-TH (SYSY, 213104 – gp, 1:1000), anti-PSD95 (Abcam, ab2723 – ms, 1:1000, used for Proteasome validation), anti-PSD95 (Thermo Fisher, MA1-046, ms, 1:1000, used for synaptosome prep analysis), anti-Mbp (Abcam, Ab62631– ms, 1:1000), anti-GFAP (Abcam, Ab7260 - rb, 1:1000), anti-Syn (SYSY, 106002, rb, 1:1000), anti-SYPH (Sigma, S5768, ms, 1:5000), anti-Gad1/2 (Enzo, ADI-MSA-225-E, ms, 1:1000), anti-Syt12 (SYSY, 299 003, rb, 1:1000), anti-Proton ATPase (SYSY, 109 003, rb, 1:1000), anti-Complexin-1/2 (SYSY, 122 102, rb, 1:1000), anti-Stx1a (SYSY, 110 111, ms, 1:1000), anti-Stx1b (SYSY, 110 403, rb 1:1000), anti-Syt2 (SYSY, 105 223, rb, 1:1000), anti-Rab3c (SYSY, 107 203, rb, 1:1000), anti-Vamp1 (SYSY, 104 002, rb, 1:1000), anti-Vamp2 (SYSY, 104 202, rb, 1:1000), anti-TH (SYSY, 213 104, gp, 1:1000), anti-Oxr1 (Abcam, ab251774, Cell 186, 5411–5427.e1–e7, November 22, 2023 e4 ll OPEN ACCESS Resource rb 1:1000), anti-Mapk3 (CST, 9101, rb, 1:1000) and anti-Atp6v1g1 (ProteinTech, 16143-1-AP, rb, 1:1000).

    Article Title:
    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies: anti-synaptophysin (101 002, Synaptic Systems) anti-synaptophysin (101 011, Synaptic Systems) anti-synaptophysin (101 308, Synaptic Systems) 3 n atu re p o rtfo lio | rep o rtin g su m m ary M a rch 2021 Validation anti-VAMP2 (104 211, Synaptic Systems) anti-Rab3A (107 111, Synaptic Systems) anti-ATG9A (ab108338, Abcam) anti-LC3 (PM036, MBL) anti-AP4E1 (612018, BD Transduction LaboratoriesTM) anti-Actin (691002, MP Biomedicals) anti-HA (MMS-101R, Covance) anti-GM130 (610822, BD Bioscience) anti-TGN46 (610822, AHP500GT, AbD Serotec) anti-TOMM40 (18409-1-AP, Proteintech) Materials for IF: Alexa Fluor 488 anti-mouse IgG (H+L) (A11001, Invitrogen) Alexa Fluor 594 anti-mouse IgG (H+L) (A21203, Invitrogen) Alexa Fluor 647 anti-mouse IgG (H+L) (A32787, Invitrogen) Alexa Fluor 594 anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) (A11037, Invitrogen) Alexa Fluor 647 anti-sheep IgG (H+L) (A21448, Invitrogen) Alexa Fluor 488 anti-guinea pig IgG (H+L) (A11073, Invitrogen) Streptavidin, Alexa Fluor 647 Conjugate (S32357, Invitrogen) Materials for WB: IRDye 800CW anti-mouse (926-32210, LI-COR) IRDye 800CW anti-rabbit (926-32211, LI-COR) IRDye 800CW anti-guinea pig (925-32411, LI-COR) IRDye 680LT anti-mouse (926-68020, LI-COR) IRDye 680LT anti-rabbit (926-68021, LI-COR) IRDye 680RD Streptavidin (926-68079, LI-COR) anti-synaptophysin (101 002): Suitable for WB, IP, ICC, IHC, EM, ELISA; reacts with Human, Rat, Mouse, Hamster, Cow, Chicken, Frog, Zebrafish [https://sysy.com/product/101002] anti-synaptophysin (101 011): Suitable for WB, IP, ICC, IHC, IHC-P, EM, ELISA; reacts with Human, Rat, Mouse, Mammals (weak signals for Zebrafish and other vertebrates.

    Article Title: Cd99l2 regulates excitatory synapse development and restrains immediate-early gene activation.
    Article Snippet: The antibodies used in western blot analyses were purchased from the following commercial sources: anti-Cd99l2 (R&D systems), anti-gephyrin (Synaptic Systems), anti-VAMP2 (Synaptic Systems), anti-Pan-Shank (UC Davis/ NIH NeuroMab Facility), anti-a-tubulin (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-GAD65 (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-GluA1 (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-GluN1 (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-GluN2A (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-GluN2B (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-PSD-95 (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-Synapsin I (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-Synaptophysin (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-mGluR5 (Abcam), anti-CREB (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-pCREB (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-Egr1 (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-ERK (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-pERK (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-pMEF2A (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-pSRF (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-b-actin (Bioworld Technology), anti-Arc (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-c-Fos (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-MEF2 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and anti-SRF (Santa Cruz Biotechnology).

    Article Title: Tomosyns attenuate SNARE assembly and synaptic depression by binding to VAMP2-containing template complexes
    Article Snippet: The following antibodies were KO validated: anti-VAMP2 (SySy) and anti-tomosyn1.

    Article Title: The interaction of tPA with NMDAR1 drives neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in α-synuclein-mediated neurotoxicity
    Article Snippet: The primary antibody used were: anti-actin (1:1000; A2066, Sigma), anti-TH (1:1000; ab112, Abcam), anti-VAMP2 (1:1000; 104 202, SySy), anti-PSD-95 (1:1000; 124 011, SySy) and anti-tPA (2 ug/mL; ASMTPA-GF-HT, Innovative Research).

    Article Title: Neuronal CD59 isoforms IRIS-1 and IRIS-2 as regulators of neurotransmitter release with implications for Alzheimer's disease.
    Article Snippet: The antibodies used for the western blot were anti-VAMP2 1:1000 (Synaptic Systems #104211) in 5% Milk, with Dako goat-anti-mouse 1:5000 as secondary, anti-PDI (Enzo life sciences #ADI-SPA-891-D) 1:100000 in EveryBlot, with Dako goat-anti-mouse 1:5000, antiβ-tubulin, 1:25000 in Quench (Abcam #Ab6046) with Dako goat-anti-rabbit 1:25000.

    Article Title: Neuronal CD59 isoforms IRIS-1 and IRIS-2 as regulators of neurotransmitter release with implications for Alzheimer’s disease
    Article Snippet: The antibodies used for the western blot were anti-VAMP2 1:1000 (Synaptic Systems #104211) in 5% Milk, with Dako goat-anti-mouse 1:5000 as secondary, anti-PDI (Enzo life sciences #ADI-SPA-891-D) 1:100000 in EveryBlot, with Dako goat-anti-mouse 1:5000, anti-β-tubulin, 1:25000 in Quench (Abcam #Ab6046) with Dako goat-anti-rabbit 1:25000.

    Article Title: The interaction of tPA with NMDAR1 drives neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in α-synuclein-mediated neurotoxicity.
    Article Snippet: The primary antibody used were: antiactin (1:1000; A2066, Sigma), anti-TH (1:1000; ab112, Abcam), anti-VAMP2 (1:1000; 104 202, SySy), antiPSD-95 (1:1000; 124 011, SySy) and anti-tPA (2 ug/mL; ASMTPA-GF-HT, Innovative Research).

    Immunocytochemistry:

    Article Title: The proteomic landscape of synaptic diversity across brain regions and cell types.
    Article Snippet: The following primary antibodies and corresponding dilution factors were used: anti-PSMA3 (Enzo, BML-PW8110-0100 – ms, 1:1000), anti-PSMB8 (Enzo, BML-PW8845-0100 –ms, 1:1000), anti-PSMB5 (CST, 12919 – rb, 1:1000), anti-PSME1 (Abcam, ab155091 – rb, 1:1000), anti-Histone H3 (Abcam, ab1791 – rb, 1:1000), anti-TH (SYSY, 213104 – gp, 1:1000), anti-PSD95 (Abcam, ab2723 – ms, 1:1000, used for Proteasome validation), anti-PSD95 (Thermo Fisher, MA1-046, ms, 1:1000, used for synaptosome prep analysis), anti-Mbp (Abcam, Ab62631– ms, 1:1000), anti-GFAP (Abcam, Ab7260 - rb, 1:1000), anti-Syn (SYSY, 106002, rb, 1:1000), anti-SYPH (Sigma, S5768, ms, 1:5000), anti-Gad1/2 (Enzo, ADI-MSA-225-E, ms, 1:1000), anti-Syt12 (SYSY, 299 003, rb, 1:1000), anti-Proton ATPase (SYSY, 109 003, rb, 1:1000), anti-Complexin-1/2 (SYSY, 122 102, rb, 1:1000), anti-Stx1a (SYSY, 110 111, ms, 1:1000), anti-Stx1b (SYSY, 110 403, rb 1:1000), anti-Syt2 (SYSY, 105 223, rb, 1:1000), anti-Rab3c (SYSY, 107 203, rb, 1:1000), anti-Vamp1 (SYSY, 104 002, rb, 1:1000), anti-Vamp2 (SYSY, 104 202, rb, 1:1000), anti-TH (SYSY, 213 104, gp, 1:1000), anti-Oxr1 (Abcam, ab251774, Cell 186, 5411–5427.e1–e7, November 22, 2023 e4 ll OPEN ACCESS Resource rb 1:1000), anti-Mapk3 (CST, 9101, rb, 1:1000) and anti-Atp6v1g1 (ProteinTech, 16143-1-AP, rb, 1:1000).

    Article Title:
    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies: anti-synaptophysin (101 002, Synaptic Systems) anti-synaptophysin (101 011, Synaptic Systems) anti-synaptophysin (101 308, Synaptic Systems) 3 n atu re p o rtfo lio | rep o rtin g su m m ary M a rch 2021 Validation anti-VAMP2 (104 211, Synaptic Systems) anti-Rab3A (107 111, Synaptic Systems) anti-ATG9A (ab108338, Abcam) anti-LC3 (PM036, MBL) anti-AP4E1 (612018, BD Transduction LaboratoriesTM) anti-Actin (691002, MP Biomedicals) anti-HA (MMS-101R, Covance) anti-GM130 (610822, BD Bioscience) anti-TGN46 (610822, AHP500GT, AbD Serotec) anti-TOMM40 (18409-1-AP, Proteintech) Materials for IF: Alexa Fluor 488 anti-mouse IgG (H+L) (A11001, Invitrogen) Alexa Fluor 594 anti-mouse IgG (H+L) (A21203, Invitrogen) Alexa Fluor 647 anti-mouse IgG (H+L) (A32787, Invitrogen) Alexa Fluor 594 anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) (A11037, Invitrogen) Alexa Fluor 647 anti-sheep IgG (H+L) (A21448, Invitrogen) Alexa Fluor 488 anti-guinea pig IgG (H+L) (A11073, Invitrogen) Streptavidin, Alexa Fluor 647 Conjugate (S32357, Invitrogen) Materials for WB: IRDye 800CW anti-mouse (926-32210, LI-COR) IRDye 800CW anti-rabbit (926-32211, LI-COR) IRDye 800CW anti-guinea pig (925-32411, LI-COR) IRDye 680LT anti-mouse (926-68020, LI-COR) IRDye 680LT anti-rabbit (926-68021, LI-COR) IRDye 680RD Streptavidin (926-68079, LI-COR) anti-synaptophysin (101 002): Suitable for WB, IP, ICC, IHC, EM, ELISA; reacts with Human, Rat, Mouse, Hamster, Cow, Chicken, Frog, Zebrafish [https://sysy.com/product/101002] anti-synaptophysin (101 011): Suitable for WB, IP, ICC, IHC, IHC-P, EM, ELISA; reacts with Human, Rat, Mouse, Mammals (weak signals for Zebrafish and other vertebrates.

    Article Title: Cd99l2 regulates excitatory synapse development and restrains immediate-early gene activation.
    Article Snippet: The antibodies used in western blot analyses were purchased from the following commercial sources: anti-Cd99l2 (R&D systems), anti-gephyrin (Synaptic Systems), anti-VAMP2 (Synaptic Systems), anti-Pan-Shank (UC Davis/ NIH NeuroMab Facility), anti-a-tubulin (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-GAD65 (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-GluA1 (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-GluN1 (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-GluN2A (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-GluN2B (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-PSD-95 (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-Synapsin I (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-Synaptophysin (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-mGluR5 (Abcam), anti-CREB (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-pCREB (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-Egr1 (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-ERK (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-pERK (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-pMEF2A (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-pSRF (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-b-actin (Bioworld Technology), anti-Arc (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-c-Fos (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-MEF2 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and anti-SRF (Santa Cruz Biotechnology).

    Article Title: Tomosyns attenuate SNARE assembly and synaptic depression by binding to VAMP2-containing template complexes
    Article Snippet: The following antibodies were KO validated: anti-VAMP2 (SySy) and anti-tomosyn1.

    Article Title: The interaction of tPA with NMDAR1 drives neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in α-synuclein-mediated neurotoxicity
    Article Snippet: The primary antibody used were: anti-actin (1:1000; A2066, Sigma), anti-TH (1:1000; ab112, Abcam), anti-VAMP2 (1:1000; 104 202, SySy), anti-PSD-95 (1:1000; 124 011, SySy) and anti-tPA (2 ug/mL; ASMTPA-GF-HT, Innovative Research).

    Article Title: Neuronal CD59 isoforms IRIS-1 and IRIS-2 as regulators of neurotransmitter release with implications for Alzheimer's disease.
    Article Snippet: The antibodies used for the western blot were anti-VAMP2 1:1000 (Synaptic Systems #104211) in 5% Milk, with Dako goat-anti-mouse 1:5000 as secondary, anti-PDI (Enzo life sciences #ADI-SPA-891-D) 1:100000 in EveryBlot, with Dako goat-anti-mouse 1:5000, antiβ-tubulin, 1:25000 in Quench (Abcam #Ab6046) with Dako goat-anti-rabbit 1:25000.

    Article Title: Neuronal CD59 isoforms IRIS-1 and IRIS-2 as regulators of neurotransmitter release with implications for Alzheimer’s disease
    Article Snippet: The antibodies used for the western blot were anti-VAMP2 1:1000 (Synaptic Systems #104211) in 5% Milk, with Dako goat-anti-mouse 1:5000 as secondary, anti-PDI (Enzo life sciences #ADI-SPA-891-D) 1:100000 in EveryBlot, with Dako goat-anti-mouse 1:5000, anti-β-tubulin, 1:25000 in Quench (Abcam #Ab6046) with Dako goat-anti-rabbit 1:25000.

    Article Title: The interaction of tPA with NMDAR1 drives neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in α-synuclein-mediated neurotoxicity.
    Article Snippet: The primary antibody used were: antiactin (1:1000; A2066, Sigma), anti-TH (1:1000; ab112, Abcam), anti-VAMP2 (1:1000; 104 202, SySy), antiPSD-95 (1:1000; 124 011, SySy) and anti-tPA (2 ug/mL; ASMTPA-GF-HT, Innovative Research).

    Immunohistochemistry:

    Article Title: The proteomic landscape of synaptic diversity across brain regions and cell types.
    Article Snippet: The following primary antibodies and corresponding dilution factors were used: anti-PSMA3 (Enzo, BML-PW8110-0100 – ms, 1:1000), anti-PSMB8 (Enzo, BML-PW8845-0100 –ms, 1:1000), anti-PSMB5 (CST, 12919 – rb, 1:1000), anti-PSME1 (Abcam, ab155091 – rb, 1:1000), anti-Histone H3 (Abcam, ab1791 – rb, 1:1000), anti-TH (SYSY, 213104 – gp, 1:1000), anti-PSD95 (Abcam, ab2723 – ms, 1:1000, used for Proteasome validation), anti-PSD95 (Thermo Fisher, MA1-046, ms, 1:1000, used for synaptosome prep analysis), anti-Mbp (Abcam, Ab62631– ms, 1:1000), anti-GFAP (Abcam, Ab7260 - rb, 1:1000), anti-Syn (SYSY, 106002, rb, 1:1000), anti-SYPH (Sigma, S5768, ms, 1:5000), anti-Gad1/2 (Enzo, ADI-MSA-225-E, ms, 1:1000), anti-Syt12 (SYSY, 299 003, rb, 1:1000), anti-Proton ATPase (SYSY, 109 003, rb, 1:1000), anti-Complexin-1/2 (SYSY, 122 102, rb, 1:1000), anti-Stx1a (SYSY, 110 111, ms, 1:1000), anti-Stx1b (SYSY, 110 403, rb 1:1000), anti-Syt2 (SYSY, 105 223, rb, 1:1000), anti-Rab3c (SYSY, 107 203, rb, 1:1000), anti-Vamp1 (SYSY, 104 002, rb, 1:1000), anti-Vamp2 (SYSY, 104 202, rb, 1:1000), anti-TH (SYSY, 213 104, gp, 1:1000), anti-Oxr1 (Abcam, ab251774, Cell 186, 5411–5427.e1–e7, November 22, 2023 e4 ll OPEN ACCESS Resource rb 1:1000), anti-Mapk3 (CST, 9101, rb, 1:1000) and anti-Atp6v1g1 (ProteinTech, 16143-1-AP, rb, 1:1000).

    Article Title:
    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies: anti-synaptophysin (101 002, Synaptic Systems) anti-synaptophysin (101 011, Synaptic Systems) anti-synaptophysin (101 308, Synaptic Systems) 3 n atu re p o rtfo lio | rep o rtin g su m m ary M a rch 2021 Validation anti-VAMP2 (104 211, Synaptic Systems) anti-Rab3A (107 111, Synaptic Systems) anti-ATG9A (ab108338, Abcam) anti-LC3 (PM036, MBL) anti-AP4E1 (612018, BD Transduction LaboratoriesTM) anti-Actin (691002, MP Biomedicals) anti-HA (MMS-101R, Covance) anti-GM130 (610822, BD Bioscience) anti-TGN46 (610822, AHP500GT, AbD Serotec) anti-TOMM40 (18409-1-AP, Proteintech) Materials for IF: Alexa Fluor 488 anti-mouse IgG (H+L) (A11001, Invitrogen) Alexa Fluor 594 anti-mouse IgG (H+L) (A21203, Invitrogen) Alexa Fluor 647 anti-mouse IgG (H+L) (A32787, Invitrogen) Alexa Fluor 594 anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) (A11037, Invitrogen) Alexa Fluor 647 anti-sheep IgG (H+L) (A21448, Invitrogen) Alexa Fluor 488 anti-guinea pig IgG (H+L) (A11073, Invitrogen) Streptavidin, Alexa Fluor 647 Conjugate (S32357, Invitrogen) Materials for WB: IRDye 800CW anti-mouse (926-32210, LI-COR) IRDye 800CW anti-rabbit (926-32211, LI-COR) IRDye 800CW anti-guinea pig (925-32411, LI-COR) IRDye 680LT anti-mouse (926-68020, LI-COR) IRDye 680LT anti-rabbit (926-68021, LI-COR) IRDye 680RD Streptavidin (926-68079, LI-COR) anti-synaptophysin (101 002): Suitable for WB, IP, ICC, IHC, EM, ELISA; reacts with Human, Rat, Mouse, Hamster, Cow, Chicken, Frog, Zebrafish [https://sysy.com/product/101002] anti-synaptophysin (101 011): Suitable for WB, IP, ICC, IHC, IHC-P, EM, ELISA; reacts with Human, Rat, Mouse, Mammals (weak signals for Zebrafish and other vertebrates.

    Article Title: Cd99l2 regulates excitatory synapse development and restrains immediate-early gene activation.
    Article Snippet: The antibodies used in western blot analyses were purchased from the following commercial sources: anti-Cd99l2 (R&D systems), anti-gephyrin (Synaptic Systems), anti-VAMP2 (Synaptic Systems), anti-Pan-Shank (UC Davis/ NIH NeuroMab Facility), anti-a-tubulin (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-GAD65 (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-GluA1 (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-GluN1 (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-GluN2A (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-GluN2B (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-PSD-95 (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-Synapsin I (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-Synaptophysin (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-mGluR5 (Abcam), anti-CREB (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-pCREB (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-Egr1 (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-ERK (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-pERK (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-pMEF2A (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-pSRF (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-b-actin (Bioworld Technology), anti-Arc (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-c-Fos (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-MEF2 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and anti-SRF (Santa Cruz Biotechnology).

    Article Title: Tomosyns attenuate SNARE assembly and synaptic depression by binding to VAMP2-containing template complexes
    Article Snippet: The following antibodies were KO validated: anti-VAMP2 (SySy) and anti-tomosyn1.

    Article Title: The interaction of tPA with NMDAR1 drives neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in α-synuclein-mediated neurotoxicity
    Article Snippet: The primary antibody used were: anti-actin (1:1000; A2066, Sigma), anti-TH (1:1000; ab112, Abcam), anti-VAMP2 (1:1000; 104 202, SySy), anti-PSD-95 (1:1000; 124 011, SySy) and anti-tPA (2 ug/mL; ASMTPA-GF-HT, Innovative Research).

    Article Title: Neuronal CD59 isoforms IRIS-1 and IRIS-2 as regulators of neurotransmitter release with implications for Alzheimer's disease.
    Article Snippet: The antibodies used for the western blot were anti-VAMP2 1:1000 (Synaptic Systems #104211) in 5% Milk, with Dako goat-anti-mouse 1:5000 as secondary, anti-PDI (Enzo life sciences #ADI-SPA-891-D) 1:100000 in EveryBlot, with Dako goat-anti-mouse 1:5000, antiβ-tubulin, 1:25000 in Quench (Abcam #Ab6046) with Dako goat-anti-rabbit 1:25000.

    Article Title: Neuronal CD59 isoforms IRIS-1 and IRIS-2 as regulators of neurotransmitter release with implications for Alzheimer’s disease
    Article Snippet: The antibodies used for the western blot were anti-VAMP2 1:1000 (Synaptic Systems #104211) in 5% Milk, with Dako goat-anti-mouse 1:5000 as secondary, anti-PDI (Enzo life sciences #ADI-SPA-891-D) 1:100000 in EveryBlot, with Dako goat-anti-mouse 1:5000, anti-β-tubulin, 1:25000 in Quench (Abcam #Ab6046) with Dako goat-anti-rabbit 1:25000.

    Article Title: The interaction of tPA with NMDAR1 drives neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in α-synuclein-mediated neurotoxicity.
    Article Snippet: The primary antibody used were: antiactin (1:1000; A2066, Sigma), anti-TH (1:1000; ab112, Abcam), anti-VAMP2 (1:1000; 104 202, SySy), antiPSD-95 (1:1000; 124 011, SySy) and anti-tPA (2 ug/mL; ASMTPA-GF-HT, Innovative Research).

    Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay:

    Article Title: The proteomic landscape of synaptic diversity across brain regions and cell types.
    Article Snippet: The following primary antibodies and corresponding dilution factors were used: anti-PSMA3 (Enzo, BML-PW8110-0100 – ms, 1:1000), anti-PSMB8 (Enzo, BML-PW8845-0100 –ms, 1:1000), anti-PSMB5 (CST, 12919 – rb, 1:1000), anti-PSME1 (Abcam, ab155091 – rb, 1:1000), anti-Histone H3 (Abcam, ab1791 – rb, 1:1000), anti-TH (SYSY, 213104 – gp, 1:1000), anti-PSD95 (Abcam, ab2723 – ms, 1:1000, used for Proteasome validation), anti-PSD95 (Thermo Fisher, MA1-046, ms, 1:1000, used for synaptosome prep analysis), anti-Mbp (Abcam, Ab62631– ms, 1:1000), anti-GFAP (Abcam, Ab7260 - rb, 1:1000), anti-Syn (SYSY, 106002, rb, 1:1000), anti-SYPH (Sigma, S5768, ms, 1:5000), anti-Gad1/2 (Enzo, ADI-MSA-225-E, ms, 1:1000), anti-Syt12 (SYSY, 299 003, rb, 1:1000), anti-Proton ATPase (SYSY, 109 003, rb, 1:1000), anti-Complexin-1/2 (SYSY, 122 102, rb, 1:1000), anti-Stx1a (SYSY, 110 111, ms, 1:1000), anti-Stx1b (SYSY, 110 403, rb 1:1000), anti-Syt2 (SYSY, 105 223, rb, 1:1000), anti-Rab3c (SYSY, 107 203, rb, 1:1000), anti-Vamp1 (SYSY, 104 002, rb, 1:1000), anti-Vamp2 (SYSY, 104 202, rb, 1:1000), anti-TH (SYSY, 213 104, gp, 1:1000), anti-Oxr1 (Abcam, ab251774, Cell 186, 5411–5427.e1–e7, November 22, 2023 e4 ll OPEN ACCESS Resource rb 1:1000), anti-Mapk3 (CST, 9101, rb, 1:1000) and anti-Atp6v1g1 (ProteinTech, 16143-1-AP, rb, 1:1000).

    Article Title:
    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies: anti-synaptophysin (101 002, Synaptic Systems) anti-synaptophysin (101 011, Synaptic Systems) anti-synaptophysin (101 308, Synaptic Systems) 3 n atu re p o rtfo lio | rep o rtin g su m m ary M a rch 2021 Validation anti-VAMP2 (104 211, Synaptic Systems) anti-Rab3A (107 111, Synaptic Systems) anti-ATG9A (ab108338, Abcam) anti-LC3 (PM036, MBL) anti-AP4E1 (612018, BD Transduction LaboratoriesTM) anti-Actin (691002, MP Biomedicals) anti-HA (MMS-101R, Covance) anti-GM130 (610822, BD Bioscience) anti-TGN46 (610822, AHP500GT, AbD Serotec) anti-TOMM40 (18409-1-AP, Proteintech) Materials for IF: Alexa Fluor 488 anti-mouse IgG (H+L) (A11001, Invitrogen) Alexa Fluor 594 anti-mouse IgG (H+L) (A21203, Invitrogen) Alexa Fluor 647 anti-mouse IgG (H+L) (A32787, Invitrogen) Alexa Fluor 594 anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) (A11037, Invitrogen) Alexa Fluor 647 anti-sheep IgG (H+L) (A21448, Invitrogen) Alexa Fluor 488 anti-guinea pig IgG (H+L) (A11073, Invitrogen) Streptavidin, Alexa Fluor 647 Conjugate (S32357, Invitrogen) Materials for WB: IRDye 800CW anti-mouse (926-32210, LI-COR) IRDye 800CW anti-rabbit (926-32211, LI-COR) IRDye 800CW anti-guinea pig (925-32411, LI-COR) IRDye 680LT anti-mouse (926-68020, LI-COR) IRDye 680LT anti-rabbit (926-68021, LI-COR) IRDye 680RD Streptavidin (926-68079, LI-COR) anti-synaptophysin (101 002): Suitable for WB, IP, ICC, IHC, EM, ELISA; reacts with Human, Rat, Mouse, Hamster, Cow, Chicken, Frog, Zebrafish [https://sysy.com/product/101002] anti-synaptophysin (101 011): Suitable for WB, IP, ICC, IHC, IHC-P, EM, ELISA; reacts with Human, Rat, Mouse, Mammals (weak signals for Zebrafish and other vertebrates.

    Article Title: Cd99l2 regulates excitatory synapse development and restrains immediate-early gene activation.
    Article Snippet: The antibodies used in western blot analyses were purchased from the following commercial sources: anti-Cd99l2 (R&D systems), anti-gephyrin (Synaptic Systems), anti-VAMP2 (Synaptic Systems), anti-Pan-Shank (UC Davis/ NIH NeuroMab Facility), anti-a-tubulin (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-GAD65 (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-GluA1 (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-GluN1 (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-GluN2A (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-GluN2B (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-PSD-95 (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-Synapsin I (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-Synaptophysin (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-mGluR5 (Abcam), anti-CREB (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-pCREB (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-Egr1 (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-ERK (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-pERK (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-pMEF2A (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-pSRF (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-b-actin (Bioworld Technology), anti-Arc (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-c-Fos (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-MEF2 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and anti-SRF (Santa Cruz Biotechnology).

    Article Title: Tomosyns attenuate SNARE assembly and synaptic depression by binding to VAMP2-containing template complexes
    Article Snippet: The following antibodies were KO validated: anti-VAMP2 (SySy) and anti-tomosyn1.

    Article Title: The interaction of tPA with NMDAR1 drives neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in α-synuclein-mediated neurotoxicity
    Article Snippet: The primary antibody used were: anti-actin (1:1000; A2066, Sigma), anti-TH (1:1000; ab112, Abcam), anti-VAMP2 (1:1000; 104 202, SySy), anti-PSD-95 (1:1000; 124 011, SySy) and anti-tPA (2 ug/mL; ASMTPA-GF-HT, Innovative Research).

    Article Title: Neuronal CD59 isoforms IRIS-1 and IRIS-2 as regulators of neurotransmitter release with implications for Alzheimer's disease.
    Article Snippet: The antibodies used for the western blot were anti-VAMP2 1:1000 (Synaptic Systems #104211) in 5% Milk, with Dako goat-anti-mouse 1:5000 as secondary, anti-PDI (Enzo life sciences #ADI-SPA-891-D) 1:100000 in EveryBlot, with Dako goat-anti-mouse 1:5000, antiβ-tubulin, 1:25000 in Quench (Abcam #Ab6046) with Dako goat-anti-rabbit 1:25000.

    Article Title: Neuronal CD59 isoforms IRIS-1 and IRIS-2 as regulators of neurotransmitter release with implications for Alzheimer’s disease
    Article Snippet: The antibodies used for the western blot were anti-VAMP2 1:1000 (Synaptic Systems #104211) in 5% Milk, with Dako goat-anti-mouse 1:5000 as secondary, anti-PDI (Enzo life sciences #ADI-SPA-891-D) 1:100000 in EveryBlot, with Dako goat-anti-mouse 1:5000, anti-β-tubulin, 1:25000 in Quench (Abcam #Ab6046) with Dako goat-anti-rabbit 1:25000.

    Article Title: The interaction of tPA with NMDAR1 drives neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in α-synuclein-mediated neurotoxicity.
    Article Snippet: The primary antibody used were: antiactin (1:1000; A2066, Sigma), anti-TH (1:1000; ab112, Abcam), anti-VAMP2 (1:1000; 104 202, SySy), antiPSD-95 (1:1000; 124 011, SySy) and anti-tPA (2 ug/mL; ASMTPA-GF-HT, Innovative Research).



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    Vamp2 Rb, supplied by Synaptic Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    (a) Intracellular DA levels in WT and aSyn knock-out (SKO) neurons treated with dihydropyridines (DHP, 5 μM isradipine) for 3 days. Data shown as percentage change relative to genotype-matched controls. Brown-Forsythe ANOVA test with Tamhane’s T2 multiple comparisons test. ns, not significant; **, P< 0.01. Independent experiments/culture dishes (N/n) = 6/17 for WT, 5/14 for WT+DHP, 6/17 for SKO and 5/13 for SKO+DHP. (b) Effect of DHP treatment on DA release evoked by 40 mM KCl for 5 min. Extracellular DA levels in DHP-treated cultures were normalised to those in DHP-free sister cultures. Unpaired t test; ns, not significant. N/n = 4/12 for WT and 3/8 for SKO. (c) Representative Western blot images of aSyn and <t>synaptobrevin</t> <t>2</t> <t>(VAMP2)</t> from individual fractions of synaptic vesicles eluted from a size exclusion chromatography (SEC) column. aSyn more abundantly associated to vesicles in fractions eluted later from the column (higher-numbered fractions). A positive control (*) using brain homogenate showed presence of both proteins. (d) Quantification of the Western blots shows that aSyn is more abundant in vesicles eluting in later fractions. Data from N = 3 independent biological repeats were quantified.
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    (a) Intracellular DA levels in WT and aSyn knock-out (SKO) neurons treated with dihydropyridines (DHP, 5 μM isradipine) for 3 days. Data shown as percentage change relative to genotype-matched controls. Brown-Forsythe ANOVA test with Tamhane’s T2 multiple comparisons test. ns, not significant; **, P< 0.01. Independent experiments/culture dishes (N/n) = 6/17 for WT, 5/14 for WT+DHP, 6/17 for SKO and 5/13 for SKO+DHP. (b) Effect of DHP treatment on DA release evoked by 40 mM KCl for 5 min. Extracellular DA levels in DHP-treated cultures were normalised to those in DHP-free sister cultures. Unpaired t test; ns, not significant. N/n = 4/12 for WT and 3/8 for SKO. (c) Representative Western blot images of aSyn and <t>synaptobrevin</t> <t>2</t> <t>(VAMP2)</t> from individual fractions of synaptic vesicles eluted from a size exclusion chromatography (SEC) column. aSyn more abundantly associated to vesicles in fractions eluted later from the column (higher-numbered fractions). A positive control (*) using brain homogenate showed presence of both proteins. (d) Quantification of the Western blots shows that aSyn is more abundant in vesicles eluting in later fractions. Data from N = 3 independent biological repeats were quantified.
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    Image Search Results


    ( A ) Confocal image of a VGLUT2 + dopamine neuron in primary midbrain culture from HA-VMAT2 KI mice. Scale bar, 10 μm. ( B ) Magnified regions from white boxes in (A) and fluorescence intensity profiles of HA-VMAT2, VGLUT2, and TH along a line ROI, showing overlapping VGLUT2 and HA-VMAT2 peaks. Scale bars, 3 μm. ( C ) Scatterplot of HA-VMAT2 and VGLUT2 signal in individual presynaptic varicosities from VGLUT2 + dopamine neurons (colors indicate individual neurons). ( D ) Quantification of HA-VMAT2 in the presynaptic terminals of dopamine-only versus VMAT2 + /VGLUT2 + neurons and VGLUT2 in glutamate-only versus VMAT2 + /VGLUT2 + neurons. DA, dopamine; Glu, glutamate. Each data point represents mean of ROIs per image ( n = 19/21 for HA-VMAT2 and 11/20 for VGLUT2 from two independent cultures). Data indicate mean ± SEM; *** P = 0.0006 by Mann-Whitney test. Confocal images of a dopamine/glutamate neuron ( E ) or dopamine-only neuron ( F ) stained for TH (not shown), synaptophysin, HA-VMAT2, and VGLUT2. Gray arrowheads in (E) point to VGLUT2 + /VMAT2 + varicosities and white arrowheads in (F) to VMAT2-only terminals. In both images, orange arrowheads point to VGLUT2-only terminals likely from glutamate neurons. Scale bars, 10 μm. Quantification of VAMP2 ( G ), Slc10A4 ( H ), syt1 ( I ), syt2 ( J ), SCAMP5 ( K ), synaptophysin ( L ), and CSPα ( M ) in presynaptic terminals of dopamine-only or VMAT2 + /VGLUT2 + neurons. Each data point represents mean of individual ROIs per image [ n = 17/11 (G), 15/8 (H), 8/10 (I), 11/6 (J), 11/8 (K), 24/17 (L), or 22/14 (M)]. Quantifications were performed on images from two [(G), (H), (J), and (K)] or three [(I), (L), and (M)] independent cultures. Data indicate mean ± SEM. ** P < 0.01 by unpaired t test (K and M) or Mann-Whitney test (L). Scatterplots showing correlations between Slc10A4 ( N ) and synaptophysin ( O ) with HA-VMAT2 (magenta) or VGLUT2 (orange) in presynaptic terminals containing both transporters.

    Journal: Science Advances

    Article Title: Synaptic vesicles that store monoamines and glutamate differ in protein composition

    doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adz6836

    Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Confocal image of a VGLUT2 + dopamine neuron in primary midbrain culture from HA-VMAT2 KI mice. Scale bar, 10 μm. ( B ) Magnified regions from white boxes in (A) and fluorescence intensity profiles of HA-VMAT2, VGLUT2, and TH along a line ROI, showing overlapping VGLUT2 and HA-VMAT2 peaks. Scale bars, 3 μm. ( C ) Scatterplot of HA-VMAT2 and VGLUT2 signal in individual presynaptic varicosities from VGLUT2 + dopamine neurons (colors indicate individual neurons). ( D ) Quantification of HA-VMAT2 in the presynaptic terminals of dopamine-only versus VMAT2 + /VGLUT2 + neurons and VGLUT2 in glutamate-only versus VMAT2 + /VGLUT2 + neurons. DA, dopamine; Glu, glutamate. Each data point represents mean of ROIs per image ( n = 19/21 for HA-VMAT2 and 11/20 for VGLUT2 from two independent cultures). Data indicate mean ± SEM; *** P = 0.0006 by Mann-Whitney test. Confocal images of a dopamine/glutamate neuron ( E ) or dopamine-only neuron ( F ) stained for TH (not shown), synaptophysin, HA-VMAT2, and VGLUT2. Gray arrowheads in (E) point to VGLUT2 + /VMAT2 + varicosities and white arrowheads in (F) to VMAT2-only terminals. In both images, orange arrowheads point to VGLUT2-only terminals likely from glutamate neurons. Scale bars, 10 μm. Quantification of VAMP2 ( G ), Slc10A4 ( H ), syt1 ( I ), syt2 ( J ), SCAMP5 ( K ), synaptophysin ( L ), and CSPα ( M ) in presynaptic terminals of dopamine-only or VMAT2 + /VGLUT2 + neurons. Each data point represents mean of individual ROIs per image [ n = 17/11 (G), 15/8 (H), 8/10 (I), 11/6 (J), 11/8 (K), 24/17 (L), or 22/14 (M)]. Quantifications were performed on images from two [(G), (H), (J), and (K)] or three [(I), (L), and (M)] independent cultures. Data indicate mean ± SEM. ** P < 0.01 by unpaired t test (K and M) or Mann-Whitney test (L). Scatterplots showing correlations between Slc10A4 ( N ) and synaptophysin ( O ) with HA-VMAT2 (magenta) or VGLUT2 (orange) in presynaptic terminals containing both transporters.

    Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used in the study: VGLUT2 Gp (1:1000; Synaptic Systems, 135404); VGLUT2 Ch (1:5000; Synaptic Systems, 135416); HA Rt (1:500; Roche, 11867423001); TH Ms (1:1000; EMD Millipore, MAB5280); Syt1 Ms (1:5000; Synaptic Systems, 105011); Syt2 Gp (1:1000; Synaptic Systems, 105225); Syp Ms (1:500; Synaptic Systems, 101011); Syp Gp (1:500; Synaptic Systems, 101308); Syg Rb (1:100; Synaptic Systems, 103002); VAMP2 Rb (1:500; Synaptic Systems, 104202); CSP Rb (1:500; Synaptic Systems, 154003); CSP Gp (1:500; Synaptic Systems, 154004); Slc10A4 Rb (1:200; Sigma-Aldrich, HPA028835); and SCAMP5 Rb (1:50; Invitrogen, PA5-61269).

    Techniques: Fluorescence, MANN-WHITNEY, Staining

    (a) Intracellular DA levels in WT and aSyn knock-out (SKO) neurons treated with dihydropyridines (DHP, 5 μM isradipine) for 3 days. Data shown as percentage change relative to genotype-matched controls. Brown-Forsythe ANOVA test with Tamhane’s T2 multiple comparisons test. ns, not significant; **, P< 0.01. Independent experiments/culture dishes (N/n) = 6/17 for WT, 5/14 for WT+DHP, 6/17 for SKO and 5/13 for SKO+DHP. (b) Effect of DHP treatment on DA release evoked by 40 mM KCl for 5 min. Extracellular DA levels in DHP-treated cultures were normalised to those in DHP-free sister cultures. Unpaired t test; ns, not significant. N/n = 4/12 for WT and 3/8 for SKO. (c) Representative Western blot images of aSyn and synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2) from individual fractions of synaptic vesicles eluted from a size exclusion chromatography (SEC) column. aSyn more abundantly associated to vesicles in fractions eluted later from the column (higher-numbered fractions). A positive control (*) using brain homogenate showed presence of both proteins. (d) Quantification of the Western blots shows that aSyn is more abundant in vesicles eluting in later fractions. Data from N = 3 independent biological repeats were quantified.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: α-Synuclein Facilitates Spontaneous Dopamine Release in a Calcium- and Phosphorylation-Dependent Manner

    doi: 10.64898/2026.04.20.719002

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Intracellular DA levels in WT and aSyn knock-out (SKO) neurons treated with dihydropyridines (DHP, 5 μM isradipine) for 3 days. Data shown as percentage change relative to genotype-matched controls. Brown-Forsythe ANOVA test with Tamhane’s T2 multiple comparisons test. ns, not significant; **, P< 0.01. Independent experiments/culture dishes (N/n) = 6/17 for WT, 5/14 for WT+DHP, 6/17 for SKO and 5/13 for SKO+DHP. (b) Effect of DHP treatment on DA release evoked by 40 mM KCl for 5 min. Extracellular DA levels in DHP-treated cultures were normalised to those in DHP-free sister cultures. Unpaired t test; ns, not significant. N/n = 4/12 for WT and 3/8 for SKO. (c) Representative Western blot images of aSyn and synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2) from individual fractions of synaptic vesicles eluted from a size exclusion chromatography (SEC) column. aSyn more abundantly associated to vesicles in fractions eluted later from the column (higher-numbered fractions). A positive control (*) using brain homogenate showed presence of both proteins. (d) Quantification of the Western blots shows that aSyn is more abundant in vesicles eluting in later fractions. Data from N = 3 independent biological repeats were quantified.

    Article Snippet: Blots were subsequently stripped and reprobed with anti-synaptobrevin (VAMP2) primary antibody (SYSY, 104211, 1:1000) followed by an HRP-conjugated anti-mouse IgG secondary antibody (GE Healthcare, 1:4000). (The raw Western blot images from 3 independent experiments are provided in Supplementary Fig 1) Densitometric analysis of the western blots was used to determine the percentage of aSyn present in vesicle-enriched fractions, normalised to VAMP2, which is abundantly found on synaptic vesicles ( ).

    Techniques: Knock-Out, Western Blot, Size-exclusion Chromatography, Positive Control

    (a) Schematic of aSyn and VAMP2 on synaptic vesicles, and the mCLING staining after endocytosis. (b) Representative dSTORM images of synaptosomes stained with mCLING (red), VAMP2 (blue), aSyn (green), and an overlay of images. Scale bar, 500 nm. (c) and (d) Manders’ coefficients for mCLING colocalisation with VAMP2 or aSyn at 37 °C and 4 °C. Data from N ≥ 3 independent biological repeats were quantified. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; ns, not significant; **, P < 0.01.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: α-Synuclein Facilitates Spontaneous Dopamine Release in a Calcium- and Phosphorylation-Dependent Manner

    doi: 10.64898/2026.04.20.719002

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Schematic of aSyn and VAMP2 on synaptic vesicles, and the mCLING staining after endocytosis. (b) Representative dSTORM images of synaptosomes stained with mCLING (red), VAMP2 (blue), aSyn (green), and an overlay of images. Scale bar, 500 nm. (c) and (d) Manders’ coefficients for mCLING colocalisation with VAMP2 or aSyn at 37 °C and 4 °C. Data from N ≥ 3 independent biological repeats were quantified. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; ns, not significant; **, P < 0.01.

    Article Snippet: Blots were subsequently stripped and reprobed with anti-synaptobrevin (VAMP2) primary antibody (SYSY, 104211, 1:1000) followed by an HRP-conjugated anti-mouse IgG secondary antibody (GE Healthcare, 1:4000). (The raw Western blot images from 3 independent experiments are provided in Supplementary Fig 1) Densitometric analysis of the western blots was used to determine the percentage of aSyn present in vesicle-enriched fractions, normalised to VAMP2, which is abundantly found on synaptic vesicles ( ).

    Techniques: Staining