emdb emd  (ATCC)

Journal: Molecular Plant Pathology

Article Title: Two Subunits of the Rpd3 Histone Deacetylase Complex of Cochliobolus heterostrophus Are Essential for Nitrosative Stress Response and Virulence, and Interact With Stress‐Response Regulators ChHog1 and ChCrz1

doi: 10.1111/mpp.70131

Figure Lengend Snippet: ChRPD3, ChPHO23, ChSDS3 and ChSIN3 are important for vegetative growth, asexual reproduction and virulence in Cochliobolus heterostrophus . (a) Colony phenotype of wild‐type (WT) and mutant strains on complete medium with xylose (CMX). (b) Statistical analysis of colony diameter of each strain. (c) Statistical analysis of conidia production of WT and mutant strains. (d) Virulence of WT and mutant strains on maize. Inoculation with a 5‐mm mycelial plug of indicated strains on detached susceptible Zea mays ‘B73’ leaves. Statistical analysis of the lesion size of the indicated strains on detached maize leaves. Error bar represented standard deviation (SD) from mean at least three independent experiments (marked with black dots on the bars). *** in (d) indicates significant differences based on t test ( p < 0.001). **** in (d) indicates significant differences based on t test ( p < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: The wild‐type strain C. heterostrophus C4 ( Tox1 + , MAT1‐2 , ATCC 48331) was used as the parental strain.

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Standard Deviation

Journal: Molecular Plant Pathology

Article Title: Two Subunits of the Rpd3 Histone Deacetylase Complex of Cochliobolus heterostrophus Are Essential for Nitrosative Stress Response and Virulence, and Interact With Stress‐Response Regulators ChHog1 and ChCrz1

doi: 10.1111/mpp.70131

Figure Lengend Snippet: ChRPD3, ChPHO23, ChSDS3 and ChSIN3 were necessary for response to oxidative and nitrosative stress in Cochliobolus heterostrophus . (a) Sensitivity of indicated strains to H 2 O 2 and menadione. (b) Statistical analysis of the inhibition rate of mycelial growth of each strain under oxidative stress. (c) Sensitivity of indicated strains to sodium nitroprusside (SNP). (d) Statistical analysis of the inhibition rate of mycelial growth of each strain under nitrosative stress. Data are displayed as mean values (±SE). Different letters above the columns indicate significant differences at p < 0.05, as determined by GraphPad Prism program t tests and multiple t tests, n = 3. The bars indicate the standard error of the mean. (e) Transcriptional levels of oxidative stress‐related genes in wild type (WT) and Δ Chpho23 under H 2 O 2 treatment. Each strain was cultured in complete medium with xylose (CMX) for 36 h and then transferred to CMX with 10 mM H 2 O 2 for 1 h or 2 h. The ChACTIN gene was used as an internal control. Error bars indicate SEM from at least three independent experiments (marked with black dots on the bars). ** in (e) indicates significant differences based on t test ( p < 0.01). *** in (e) indicates significant differences based on t test ( p < 0.001). **** in (e) indicates significant differences based on t test ( p < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: The wild‐type strain C. heterostrophus C4 ( Tox1 + , MAT1‐2 , ATCC 48331) was used as the parental strain.

Techniques: Inhibition, Cell Culture, Control

Journal: Molecular Plant Pathology

Article Title: Two Subunits of the Rpd3 Histone Deacetylase Complex of Cochliobolus heterostrophus Are Essential for Nitrosative Stress Response and Virulence, and Interact With Stress‐Response Regulators ChHog1 and ChCrz1

doi: 10.1111/mpp.70131

Figure Lengend Snippet: ChHog1 interacted with ChCrz1 to modulate the nitrosative stress response in Cochliobolus heterostrophus . (a) Yeast two‐hybrid assay validation of the interaction between ChHog1 and ChCrz1. (b) The interaction between ChHog1 and ChCrz1 was verified by glutathione S‐transferase (GST) pull‐down assay. (c) The expression of ChCRZ1 was induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) treatment, and ChCrz1 regulated the transcription of ChGSNOR and ChFHB in response to nitrosative stress in C. heterostrophus . (d) The expression of ChPHO23 was induced by SNP treatment, and the expression of detoxification genes was changed in Δ Chpho23 mutant compared to wild type (WT). (e) The expression of ChHOG1 was not induced by SNP treatment, but the expression of detoxification genes was changed in Δ Chhog1 mutant compared to WT. Each strain was cultured in complete medium with xylose (CMX) for 30 h and then transferred to CMX without or with 10 mM SNP for 2 h. The ChACTIN gene was used as an internal control. GraphPad Prism program's t tests and multiple t tests were used for the analysis of significant differences. The bars indicate SEM of three replications. ** in (c) indicates significant differences based on t test ( p < 0.01).

Article Snippet: The wild‐type strain C. heterostrophus C4 ( Tox1 + , MAT1‐2 , ATCC 48331) was used as the parental strain.

Techniques: Y2H Assay, Biomarker Discovery, Pull Down Assay, Expressing, Mutagenesis, Cell Culture, Control