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4 hydroxynonenal (MedChemExpress)

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MedChemExpress 4 hydroxynonenal
4 Hydroxynonenal, supplied by MedChemExpress, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 17 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/4+hydroxynonenal/4-Hydroxynonenal/pm42072076-112-9-12
Average 95 stars, based on 17 article reviews

4 hydroxynonenal - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09

95/100 stars

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Incubation:

Article Title: Disruption of Gut Microbiota‐Mediated De Novo NAD + Synthesis Contributes to the Development of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Article Snippet: .. Subsequently, the sections were blocked with hydrogen peroxide and 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA), incubated overnight at 4 °C with the primary antibody against 4‐hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE; MedChemExpress, HY‐P81208; diluted 1:400). ..

Article Title: Bu-Shen-Tian-Jing Formula alleviates oxidative-inflammatory stress in granulosa cells of polycystic ovary syndrome through AGEs-RAGE/NOX4/NF-κB pathway.
Article Snippet: Quantitative assessment of immunoreactivity was conducted by analyzing staining intensity in five randomly selected fields per section (n = 3/group) using ImageJ software (NIH, USA) with the IHC Profiler plugin. .. Immunofluorescence quantification Ovarian tissue sections were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, blocked with 3% donkey serum (AntGene) at 37 °C for 30 min, and incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies against FSHR (1: 100, 22,665-1-AP, Proteintech), 4-Hydroxynonenal (1: 200, HY-P81208, MCE), 3-Nitrotyrosine (1: 100, HY-P81216, MCE), 8-OHdG (1: 100, ab48508, Abcam) and NF-κB p65 (1: 100, ab32536, Abcam). .. After PBS washes, sections were incubated with Alexa Fluor®488-highly cross-adsorbed secondary antibodies (1:200, ThermoFisher) at 37 °C for 45 min in the dark, counterstained with DAPI (Solarbio), and mounted with ProLongTM Diamond antifade medium.

Article Title: Disruption of Gut Microbiota-Mediated De Novo NAD + Synthesis Contributes to the Development of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
Article Snippet: .. Subsequently, the sections were blocked with hydrogen peroxide and 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA), incubated overnight at 4 °C with the primary antibody against 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE; MedChemExpress, HY-P81208; diluted 1:400). ..

Article Title: Bu-Shen-Tian-Jing Formula alleviates oxidative-inflammatory stress in granulosa cells of polycystic ovary syndrome through AGEs-RAGE/NOX4/NF-κB pathway
Article Snippet: Quantitative assessment of immunoreactivity was conducted by analyzing staining intensity in five randomly selected fields per section (n = 3/group) using ImageJ software (NIH, USA) with the IHC Profiler plugin. .. Ovarian tissue sections were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, blocked with 3% donkey serum (AntGene) at 37 °C for 30 min, and incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies against FSHR (1: 100, 22,665-1-AP, Proteintech), 4-Hydroxynonenal (1: 200, HY-P81208, MCE), 3-Nitrotyrosine (1: 100, HY- P81216 , MCE), 8-OHdG (1: 100, ab48508, Abcam) and NF-κB p65 (1: 100, ab32536, Abcam). .. After PBS washes, sections were incubated with Alexa Fluor ® 488-highly cross-adsorbed secondary antibodies (1:200, ThermoFisher) at 37 °C for 45 min in the dark, counterstained with DAPI (Solarbio), and mounted with ProLongTM Diamond antifade medium.

Article Title: The RAGE-Ferroptosis Axis Drives Oxidative Stress-Associated Inflammatory Lung Injury in Viral Infection.
Article Snippet: Antigen retrieval was performed in citrate buffer (Solarbio, China, Cat# C1010, pH 6.0) at 95 ◦C for 15 min. Endogenous peroxidase activity was blocked with the peroxidase blocking reagent provided in the Two-Step Immunohistochemical Detection Kit (ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China, Cat# PV-9001) for 10 min at room temperature, and non-specific binding was minimized by incubating sections in 5% normal goat serum (Solarbio, China, Cat# SL038) for 30 min at room temperature. .. Sections were then incubated with a primary antibody against 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE, 1:2000, MCE, China, Cat# HY-P81208) overnight at 4 ◦C. ..

Immunofluorescence:

Immunohistochemical staining:

Article Title: THBru ameliorates atherosclerosis by inhibiting endothelial ferroptosis via regulation of the super enhancer-associated ABCC1
Article Snippet: .. Immunohistochemical staining was performed according to previous experimental procedures, incubating the 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE, MedChemExpress, Shanghai, China) primary antibody. .. The image were taken under panoramic scanning microscope (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany).

Article Title: THBru ameliorates atherosclerosis by inhibiting endothelial ferroptosis via regulation of the super-enhancer-associated ABCC1
Article Snippet: .. Immunohistochemical staining was performed according to previous experimental procedures, incubating the 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE, MedChemExpress, Shanghai, China) primary antibody. .. The image were taken under panoramic scanning microscope (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany).

Staining:

Image Search Results

ADGRG1 have the capacity to serve as potential target for IVDD treatment. (A) Primary human NPCs were treated with TBHP at concentrations of 50 μM, 100 μM, 200 μM for 12 h, and the cellular ferrous ion levels were assessed by confocal microscopy using FerroOrange probe. FerroOrange fluorescence intensity was quantified, n = 3. Scale bar, 50 μm. (B) GSEA enrichment plots of gene data sets associated with oxidative damage response, ferroptosis, permeabilize mitochondria and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly in TBHP‐treated primary NPCs, compared to the control. (C) Primary NPCs were treated with TBHP for 12 h and cell lysates were subjected to immunoblotting with indicated ADGRG1, IVDD and ferroptosis-related antibodies. (D) Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes in NPCs between the TBHP‐treated group and the control. |log2FC| > 2, FDR < 0.05. (E-F) Primary NPCs were incubated with TBHP for 12 h, followed by immunofluorescent staining with anti-ADGRG1 (green) and anti-4-HNE (red) antibodies and examination by confocal microscopy. The fluorescence intensity was quantified. n = 3. Scale bar, 50 μm. (G) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed the IVDD Pfirrmann grade of needle puncture IVDD rat models with 25G (MI-IVDD), 21G(MOD-IVDD) and18G (SE-IVDD), and statistical analysis was performed, n = 3. (H) Immunoblotting analysis showed the expression of IVDD markers (COL1A1) and ADGRG1 in IVDD rat models with different degrees of needle-puncture degeneration, n = 3. (I) Feature plots depict the average expression of ADGRG1 (color-scaled) across each cell cluster. (J) Immunoblotting analysis showed the expression of IVDD markers (COL1A1) and ADGRG1 in the NP tissue of clinical MI/SE degenerative IVDs. The relative ADGRG1 grayscale was quantified in (L), n = 10. (K) Representative images for colocalization analysis of ADGRG1 (green), 4-HNE (red) fluorescence in MI and SE NP tissues. n = 5. Scale bar, 50 μm. (L) Relative ADGRG1 grayscale in (J) and fluorescence intensity in (K) were quantified. All data are expressed as the mean ± SD. For panels A) and F–H), data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons, while panel L) was assessed using a two-tailed unpaired Student's t-test. ∗ P < 0.05. ∗∗ P < 0.01. ∗∗∗ P < 0.001.

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: ADGRG1-targeted hypoxia preconditioned extracellular vesicles ameliorate intervertebral disc degeneration by delivering taurine to disrupt the oxidative stress feedback loop-driven ferroptosis in nucleus pulposus cells

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.029

Figure Lengend Snippet: ADGRG1 have the capacity to serve as potential target for IVDD treatment. (A) Primary human NPCs were treated with TBHP at concentrations of 50 μM, 100 μM, 200 μM for 12 h, and the cellular ferrous ion levels were assessed by confocal microscopy using FerroOrange probe. FerroOrange fluorescence intensity was quantified, n = 3. Scale bar, 50 μm. (B) GSEA enrichment plots of gene data sets associated with oxidative damage response, ferroptosis, permeabilize mitochondria and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly in TBHP‐treated primary NPCs, compared to the control. (C) Primary NPCs were treated with TBHP for 12 h and cell lysates were subjected to immunoblotting with indicated ADGRG1, IVDD and ferroptosis-related antibodies. (D) Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes in NPCs between the TBHP‐treated group and the control. |log2FC| > 2, FDR < 0.05. (E-F) Primary NPCs were incubated with TBHP for 12 h, followed by immunofluorescent staining with anti-ADGRG1 (green) and anti-4-HNE (red) antibodies and examination by confocal microscopy. The fluorescence intensity was quantified. n = 3. Scale bar, 50 μm. (G) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed the IVDD Pfirrmann grade of needle puncture IVDD rat models with 25G (MI-IVDD), 21G(MOD-IVDD) and18G (SE-IVDD), and statistical analysis was performed, n = 3. (H) Immunoblotting analysis showed the expression of IVDD markers (COL1A1) and ADGRG1 in IVDD rat models with different degrees of needle-puncture degeneration, n = 3. (I) Feature plots depict the average expression of ADGRG1 (color-scaled) across each cell cluster. (J) Immunoblotting analysis showed the expression of IVDD markers (COL1A1) and ADGRG1 in the NP tissue of clinical MI/SE degenerative IVDs. The relative ADGRG1 grayscale was quantified in (L), n = 10. (K) Representative images for colocalization analysis of ADGRG1 (green), 4-HNE (red) fluorescence in MI and SE NP tissues. n = 5. Scale bar, 50 μm. (L) Relative ADGRG1 grayscale in (J) and fluorescence intensity in (K) were quantified. All data are expressed as the mean ± SD. For panels A) and F–H), data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons, while panel L) was assessed using a two-tailed unpaired Student's t-test. ∗ P < 0.05. ∗∗ P < 0.01. ∗∗∗ P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: After permeabilization and blocking with 10% goat serum containing 0.2% Triton X-100, the sections were incubated with primary antibodies against ADGRG1 (1:50; sc-390192, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), TOM20(11802-1-AP, Proteintech), 4-HNE(68538-1-Ig, Proteintech), 4-HNE(HY-P81208, MCE), Ferritin (Rockland 200-401-090-0100), LAMP1(65051-1-Ig, Proteintech), PAX1(sc-514352, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), FOXF1(PA5-83039, Thermo Fisher).

Techniques: Confocal Microscopy, Fluorescence, Control, Western Blot, Incubation, Staining, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Expressing, Two Tailed Test

In vitro evaluation of the cargo transfer capacity and therapeutic potential of A1TP-HX-EVs. (A) Immunoblotting analysis confirmed the overexpression of GFP-tagged ADGEG1 protein in NPCs by retrovirus. (B) The live-cell workstation demonstrated the uptake of AIE-labeled A1TP-HX-EVs by NPCs in both the control group (GFP) and the ADGRG1 overexpression group (ADGRG1-GFP) within 24 h. (C) Representative images from the live-cell workstation showed the uptake of DPA-labeled HX-EVs at different concentrations by TBHP-treated NPCs within 24 h. Scale bar, 50 μm. (D) Representative images from the live-cell workstation showed the uptake of AIE-labeled A1TP-HX-EVs (DPA 10 μM) by primary NPCs within 24 h after treatment with different concentrations of TBHP for 12h. Scale bar, 50 μm. (E) AIE fluorescence intensity in (C-D) were quantified. n = 3. ∗ P < 0.05. ∗∗ P < 0.01. ns, not significant. (F) Primary NPCs were stained with FerroOrange probe and assessed by confocal microscopy. n = 3. Scale bar, 50 μm. (G) GSEA enrichment analysis of ferroptosis and oxidative damage response-related gene sets in A1TP-HX-EVs‐treated group and TBHP group NPCs. (H) Primary NPCs were induced with 100 μM TBHP for 12 h, and then treated with EVs, HX-EVs or A1TP-HX-EVs for 24 h. Cell lysates were immunoblotted with antibodies against IVDD markers and ferroptosis-related proteins and ADGRG1. (I) GSEA enrichment analysis of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly and transcriptional activation of mitochondrial biogenesis-related gene sets in A1TP-HX-EVs‐treated group and TBHP group NPCs. (J-K) Representative oxygen consumption traces of primary NPCs induced with TBHP and then treated as indicated for 24 h. Maximal respiration of NPCs were quantified. n = 3. (L) Primary NPCs were induced with TBHP, and then treated as indicated for 24 h, followed by immunofluorescent staining with anti-TOM20 (green) and anti-4-HNE (red) antibodies. n = 3. Scale bar, 50 μm. All data are expressed as the mean ± SD. For B) and E), two‐way ANOVA with Tukey 's multiple comparison tests were used for statistical analysis. For panels F) and K-L), one‐way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparison tests were used for statistical analysis. ∗ P < 0.05. ∗∗ P < 0.01. ∗∗∗ P < 0.001. ns, not significant.

Journal: Bioactive Materials

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.029

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro evaluation of the cargo transfer capacity and therapeutic potential of A1TP-HX-EVs. (A) Immunoblotting analysis confirmed the overexpression of GFP-tagged ADGEG1 protein in NPCs by retrovirus. (B) The live-cell workstation demonstrated the uptake of AIE-labeled A1TP-HX-EVs by NPCs in both the control group (GFP) and the ADGRG1 overexpression group (ADGRG1-GFP) within 24 h. (C) Representative images from the live-cell workstation showed the uptake of DPA-labeled HX-EVs at different concentrations by TBHP-treated NPCs within 24 h. Scale bar, 50 μm. (D) Representative images from the live-cell workstation showed the uptake of AIE-labeled A1TP-HX-EVs (DPA 10 μM) by primary NPCs within 24 h after treatment with different concentrations of TBHP for 12h. Scale bar, 50 μm. (E) AIE fluorescence intensity in (C-D) were quantified. n = 3. ∗ P < 0.05. ∗∗ P < 0.01. ns, not significant. (F) Primary NPCs were stained with FerroOrange probe and assessed by confocal microscopy. n = 3. Scale bar, 50 μm. (G) GSEA enrichment analysis of ferroptosis and oxidative damage response-related gene sets in A1TP-HX-EVs‐treated group and TBHP group NPCs. (H) Primary NPCs were induced with 100 μM TBHP for 12 h, and then treated with EVs, HX-EVs or A1TP-HX-EVs for 24 h. Cell lysates were immunoblotted with antibodies against IVDD markers and ferroptosis-related proteins and ADGRG1. (I) GSEA enrichment analysis of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly and transcriptional activation of mitochondrial biogenesis-related gene sets in A1TP-HX-EVs‐treated group and TBHP group NPCs. (J-K) Representative oxygen consumption traces of primary NPCs induced with TBHP and then treated as indicated for 24 h. Maximal respiration of NPCs were quantified. n = 3. (L) Primary NPCs were induced with TBHP, and then treated as indicated for 24 h, followed by immunofluorescent staining with anti-TOM20 (green) and anti-4-HNE (red) antibodies. n = 3. Scale bar, 50 μm. All data are expressed as the mean ± SD. For B) and E), two‐way ANOVA with Tukey 's multiple comparison tests were used for statistical analysis. For panels F) and K-L), one‐way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparison tests were used for statistical analysis. ∗ P < 0.05. ∗∗ P < 0.01. ∗∗∗ P < 0.001. ns, not significant.

Techniques: In Vitro, Western Blot, Over Expression, Labeling, Control, Fluorescence, Staining, Confocal Microscopy, Activation Assay, Comparison

Taurine is the key small molecule in A1TP-HX-EVs that activated the AMPK/NRF2 pathway to regulate nucleus pulposus cell repair. (A) The LC-MS/MS analysis was used to detect the differential active small molecule components between placental HX-EVs and EVs. (B) The SMPDB enrichment analysis identified pathways related to small molecules that are up-expressed in HX-EVs compared to EVs. The metabolic pathways marked in red are related to ferroptosis inhibition and mitochondrial function. (C) Volcano plot of small molecule in HX-EVs versus EVs. |log2FC| > 0.5, FDR <0.05. (D) The content of taurine in placental MSC (pMSC), hypoxia-induced pMSC(HX-pMSC) and their derived EVs was detected by ELISA. n = 3. (E) Primary NPCs cells were induced with TBHP, and then treated with EVs, HX-EVs, and A1TP-HX-EVs for 24 h. The cell lysates were subjected to ELISA assay to detect taurine content. (F) Two shRNA lentiviruses were designed to knock down TAUT a key enzyme in taurine uptake in pMSC. (G) The content of taurine in TAUT-sh1-pMSC and TAUT-sh2-pMSC derived EVs (KD-HX-EVs) was detected by ELISA. n = 3. (H) Primary NPCs were induced with TBHP, and then treated with A1TP-HX-EVs and A1TP-KD-HX-EVs for 24 h. Cell lysates were immunoblotted with indicated antibodies. (I) Primary NPCs were induced with TBHP, and then treated with A1TP-HX-EVs and A1TP-KD-HX-EVs for 24 h, followed by immunofluorescent staining with anti- TOM20 (green) and anti-4-HNE (red) antibodies. n = 3. Scale bar, 50 μm. (J) A CDO1-overexpressing retrovirus was designed to overexpress CDO1 in pMSCs. (K) The content of taurine in CDO1-OE-pMSC derived EVs (OE-EVs) was detected by ELISA. n = 3. (L) Primary NPCs were induced with TBHP, and then treated with treated A1TP-EVs and A1TP-OE-EVs for 24 h. Cell lysates were immunoblotted with indicated antibodies. (M) Primary NPCs were induced with TBHP, and then treated with A1TP-EVs and A1TP-OE-EVs for 24 h, followed by immunofluorescent staining with anti-TOM20 (green) and anti-4-HNE (red) antibodies. n = 3. Scale bar, 50 μm. (N-O) Representative oxygen consumption traces of primary NPCs induced with TBHP and then treated with A1TP-HX-EVs, A1TP-KD-HX-EVs, or A1TP-OE-EVs for 24 h. Maximal respiration of NPCs were quantified. n = 3. All data are expressed as the mean ± SD. For E), I), M) and O), one‐way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparison tests were used for statistical analysis. For D), G) and K), two‐tailed unpaired Student's t‐tests were used for statistical analysis. ∗ P < 0.05. ∗∗ P < 0.01. ∗∗∗ P < 0.001. ns, not significant.

Journal: Bioactive Materials

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.029

Figure Lengend Snippet: Taurine is the key small molecule in A1TP-HX-EVs that activated the AMPK/NRF2 pathway to regulate nucleus pulposus cell repair. (A) The LC-MS/MS analysis was used to detect the differential active small molecule components between placental HX-EVs and EVs. (B) The SMPDB enrichment analysis identified pathways related to small molecules that are up-expressed in HX-EVs compared to EVs. The metabolic pathways marked in red are related to ferroptosis inhibition and mitochondrial function. (C) Volcano plot of small molecule in HX-EVs versus EVs. |log2FC| > 0.5, FDR <0.05. (D) The content of taurine in placental MSC (pMSC), hypoxia-induced pMSC(HX-pMSC) and their derived EVs was detected by ELISA. n = 3. (E) Primary NPCs cells were induced with TBHP, and then treated with EVs, HX-EVs, and A1TP-HX-EVs for 24 h. The cell lysates were subjected to ELISA assay to detect taurine content. (F) Two shRNA lentiviruses were designed to knock down TAUT a key enzyme in taurine uptake in pMSC. (G) The content of taurine in TAUT-sh1-pMSC and TAUT-sh2-pMSC derived EVs (KD-HX-EVs) was detected by ELISA. n = 3. (H) Primary NPCs were induced with TBHP, and then treated with A1TP-HX-EVs and A1TP-KD-HX-EVs for 24 h. Cell lysates were immunoblotted with indicated antibodies. (I) Primary NPCs were induced with TBHP, and then treated with A1TP-HX-EVs and A1TP-KD-HX-EVs for 24 h, followed by immunofluorescent staining with anti- TOM20 (green) and anti-4-HNE (red) antibodies. n = 3. Scale bar, 50 μm. (J) A CDO1-overexpressing retrovirus was designed to overexpress CDO1 in pMSCs. (K) The content of taurine in CDO1-OE-pMSC derived EVs (OE-EVs) was detected by ELISA. n = 3. (L) Primary NPCs were induced with TBHP, and then treated with treated A1TP-EVs and A1TP-OE-EVs for 24 h. Cell lysates were immunoblotted with indicated antibodies. (M) Primary NPCs were induced with TBHP, and then treated with A1TP-EVs and A1TP-OE-EVs for 24 h, followed by immunofluorescent staining with anti-TOM20 (green) and anti-4-HNE (red) antibodies. n = 3. Scale bar, 50 μm. (N-O) Representative oxygen consumption traces of primary NPCs induced with TBHP and then treated with A1TP-HX-EVs, A1TP-KD-HX-EVs, or A1TP-OE-EVs for 24 h. Maximal respiration of NPCs were quantified. n = 3. All data are expressed as the mean ± SD. For E), I), M) and O), one‐way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparison tests were used for statistical analysis. For D), G) and K), two‐tailed unpaired Student's t‐tests were used for statistical analysis. ∗ P < 0.05. ∗∗ P < 0.01. ∗∗∗ P < 0.001. ns, not significant.

Techniques: Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectroscopy, Inhibition, Derivative Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, shRNA, Knockdown, Staining, Comparison, Two Tailed Test

GPX4 and SLC7A11 expressions decreased in impaired astrocytes of ME7-infected mice, meanwhile, 4-HNE increased. (A-B) Representative immunofluorescence image and relative fluorescence intensity of GPX4 expression in the thalamus region of ME7-infected mice or non-infected controls (CTL), showing GPX4 (green) in astrocytes expressing the marker GFAP (red) (n = 3 mice per group). Nuclei stained with DAPI are shown in blue. Scale bar = 50 μm. (C-D) Representative immunofluorescence images and relative fluorescence intensity of SLC7A11 expression in the thalamus region of brains from ME7-infected mice or non-infected controls (CTL), showing SLC7A11 (green) in astrocytes expressing the marker GFAP (red) (n = 3 mice per group). Nuclei stained with DAPI are shown in blue. Scale bar = 50 μm. (E-F) Representative immunofluorescence images and relative fluorescence intensity of 4-HNE protein expression in the thalamus region of ME7-infected mice or non-infected controls (CTL), showing 4-HNE (green) in astrocytes expressing the marker GFAP (red) (n = 3 mice per group). Nuclei stained with DAPI are shown in blue. Scale bar = 50 μm. (G) Representative western blots showing GPX4, SLC7A11, and 4-HNE levels in the brain homogenates of ME7-infected and control mice. (H) Quantification of the immunoblots in (G). (I) Immunofluorescence image showing GPX4 (green) and NeuN (red) expression in the thalamus region of ME7-infected mice or non-infected controls (CTL). Scale bar = 50 μm. (J-K) Relative fluorescence intensity of NeuN and GPX4 compared to controls. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 by Student's two-tailed t-test GPX4: Glutathione peroxidase 4, SLC7A11: Solute carrier family 7 member 11, 4-HNE: 4-Hydroxynonenal, NeuN: Neuronal nuclei, GPX4: Glutathione peroxidase 4.

Journal: Redox Biology

Article Title: Ferroptosis-related mechanisms in prion diseases provide insights into neurodegeneration and reveal therapeutic implications

doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2026.104155

Figure Lengend Snippet: GPX4 and SLC7A11 expressions decreased in impaired astrocytes of ME7-infected mice, meanwhile, 4-HNE increased. (A-B) Representative immunofluorescence image and relative fluorescence intensity of GPX4 expression in the thalamus region of ME7-infected mice or non-infected controls (CTL), showing GPX4 (green) in astrocytes expressing the marker GFAP (red) (n = 3 mice per group). Nuclei stained with DAPI are shown in blue. Scale bar = 50 μm. (C-D) Representative immunofluorescence images and relative fluorescence intensity of SLC7A11 expression in the thalamus region of brains from ME7-infected mice or non-infected controls (CTL), showing SLC7A11 (green) in astrocytes expressing the marker GFAP (red) (n = 3 mice per group). Nuclei stained with DAPI are shown in blue. Scale bar = 50 μm. (E-F) Representative immunofluorescence images and relative fluorescence intensity of 4-HNE protein expression in the thalamus region of ME7-infected mice or non-infected controls (CTL), showing 4-HNE (green) in astrocytes expressing the marker GFAP (red) (n = 3 mice per group). Nuclei stained with DAPI are shown in blue. Scale bar = 50 μm. (G) Representative western blots showing GPX4, SLC7A11, and 4-HNE levels in the brain homogenates of ME7-infected and control mice. (H) Quantification of the immunoblots in (G). (I) Immunofluorescence image showing GPX4 (green) and NeuN (red) expression in the thalamus region of ME7-infected mice or non-infected controls (CTL). Scale bar = 50 μm. (J-K) Relative fluorescence intensity of NeuN and GPX4 compared to controls. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 by Student's two-tailed t-test GPX4: Glutathione peroxidase 4, SLC7A11: Solute carrier family 7 member 11, 4-HNE: 4-Hydroxynonenal, NeuN: Neuronal nuclei, GPX4: Glutathione peroxidase 4.

Article Snippet: The sections were incubated overnight at 4 °C in a humidity chamber with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, 1:50, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-33673), GPX4 (1:50, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-166570), SLC7A11 (1:100, ABclonal, A13685), 4-HNE antibody (1:50, Bioss Inc., bs-6313R), and NeuN (1:50, Abcam, ab177487) overnight in a humidity chamber at 4 °C.

Techniques: Infection, Immunofluorescence, Fluorescence, Expressing, Marker, Staining, Western Blot, Control, Two Tailed Test

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