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Proteintech tmprss2
a , Virus-induced fusion of co-cultured cells expressing split GFP (GFP-10 and GFP-11, respectively) reconstitutes fluorescence (image generated in BioRender, agreement SX23HJ6GY8SX23HJ6GY8). b , Co-cultured GFP-10 and GFP-11 <t>A549-ACE2-TMPRSS2</t> cells were infected with B.1, Delta and Omicron/BA.1, photomicrographs taken at 22 h post infection: GFP, green; nucleocapsid (N), red; DAPI nuclei, blue; scale bars, 100 µm. c , Fluorescence over 20 h ( n = 4 technical repeats, 3 independent experiments, 2 virus stocks). d , Calu-3 cell infection with B.1, Delta and Omicron/BA.1. Supernatants were assessed by RT-qPCR ( n = 3 technical repeats, 2 independent experiments). e , SARS-CoV-2 entry routes: route 1 – fusion at the cell surface following processing by TMPRSS2; route 2 – fusion occurs post endocytosis after processing by cathepsins. Routes 1 and 2 are inhibited by Camostat and E64d, respectively. f , SARS-CoV-2 pseudotype infection of cell lines, mean luciferase values (1 experiment, n = 8 technical repeats, representative of 3 independent experiments). Route 1 predominates in Calu-3, route 2 in HEK, and both routes are supported by A549-ACE2-TMPRSS2. Control is Pangolin CoV (route 2 only), negative control is no glycoprotein pseudotypes (No). g , Relative pseudotype infection (compared to untreated) of 10 μM protease inhibitor-treated cells; mean of 4 biological repeats, **** P < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA, Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. h , Camostat (left) and E64d (right) titration against Delta, Omicron/BA.1 and Pangolin CoV in A549-ACE2-TMPRSS2; mean relative infection compared to untreated control ( n = 2 biological repeats). i , Immunoblot of spike-expressing HEK lysates with anti-spike (S2) and anti-actin. j , HEK infection by Omicron/BA.2 pseudotype; mean luciferase values (1 experiment, n = 8 technical repeats, representative of 3 independent experiments). k , hNEC infection with Delta and Omicron/BA.1 clinical isolates, supernatants assessed by RT-qPCR; mean of 2 independent biological repeats. l , Immunoblots of uninfected (left) and infected (right) hNEC and Calu-3 lysates. Immunoblots probed for ACE2, TMPRSS2, Cathepsin-L, GAPDH, Spike S1 and N. m , Cell–cell fusion (as in a ) in Omicron/BA.1-transfected cells treated with trypsin. Plot displays mean fluorescence (1 experiment, 3 technical repeats, representative of 2 independent experiments). n , Cell–cell fusion in Delta or Omicron/BA.1-transfected cells, ±0.3 µg ml −1 trypsin. Data are relative to fusion by Omicron/BA.1 spike (−trypsin, 8 h), mean of 2 biological repeats. All error bars represent s.e.m.
Tmprss2, supplied by Proteintech, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 55 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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1) Product Images from "SARS-CoV-2 Omicron is an immune escape variant with an altered cell entry pathway"

Article Title: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron is an immune escape variant with an altered cell entry pathway

Journal: Nature Microbiology

doi: 10.1038/s41564-022-01143-7

a , Virus-induced fusion of co-cultured cells expressing split GFP (GFP-10 and GFP-11, respectively) reconstitutes fluorescence (image generated in BioRender, agreement SX23HJ6GY8SX23HJ6GY8). b , Co-cultured GFP-10 and GFP-11 A549-ACE2-TMPRSS2 cells were infected with B.1, Delta and Omicron/BA.1, photomicrographs taken at 22 h post infection: GFP, green; nucleocapsid (N), red; DAPI nuclei, blue; scale bars, 100 µm. c , Fluorescence over 20 h ( n = 4 technical repeats, 3 independent experiments, 2 virus stocks). d , Calu-3 cell infection with B.1, Delta and Omicron/BA.1. Supernatants were assessed by RT-qPCR ( n = 3 technical repeats, 2 independent experiments). e , SARS-CoV-2 entry routes: route 1 – fusion at the cell surface following processing by TMPRSS2; route 2 – fusion occurs post endocytosis after processing by cathepsins. Routes 1 and 2 are inhibited by Camostat and E64d, respectively. f , SARS-CoV-2 pseudotype infection of cell lines, mean luciferase values (1 experiment, n = 8 technical repeats, representative of 3 independent experiments). Route 1 predominates in Calu-3, route 2 in HEK, and both routes are supported by A549-ACE2-TMPRSS2. Control is Pangolin CoV (route 2 only), negative control is no glycoprotein pseudotypes (No). g , Relative pseudotype infection (compared to untreated) of 10 μM protease inhibitor-treated cells; mean of 4 biological repeats, **** P < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA, Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. h , Camostat (left) and E64d (right) titration against Delta, Omicron/BA.1 and Pangolin CoV in A549-ACE2-TMPRSS2; mean relative infection compared to untreated control ( n = 2 biological repeats). i , Immunoblot of spike-expressing HEK lysates with anti-spike (S2) and anti-actin. j , HEK infection by Omicron/BA.2 pseudotype; mean luciferase values (1 experiment, n = 8 technical repeats, representative of 3 independent experiments). k , hNEC infection with Delta and Omicron/BA.1 clinical isolates, supernatants assessed by RT-qPCR; mean of 2 independent biological repeats. l , Immunoblots of uninfected (left) and infected (right) hNEC and Calu-3 lysates. Immunoblots probed for ACE2, TMPRSS2, Cathepsin-L, GAPDH, Spike S1 and N. m , Cell–cell fusion (as in a ) in Omicron/BA.1-transfected cells treated with trypsin. Plot displays mean fluorescence (1 experiment, 3 technical repeats, representative of 2 independent experiments). n , Cell–cell fusion in Delta or Omicron/BA.1-transfected cells, ±0.3 µg ml −1 trypsin. Data are relative to fusion by Omicron/BA.1 spike (−trypsin, 8 h), mean of 2 biological repeats. All error bars represent s.e.m.
Figure Legend Snippet: a , Virus-induced fusion of co-cultured cells expressing split GFP (GFP-10 and GFP-11, respectively) reconstitutes fluorescence (image generated in BioRender, agreement SX23HJ6GY8SX23HJ6GY8). b , Co-cultured GFP-10 and GFP-11 A549-ACE2-TMPRSS2 cells were infected with B.1, Delta and Omicron/BA.1, photomicrographs taken at 22 h post infection: GFP, green; nucleocapsid (N), red; DAPI nuclei, blue; scale bars, 100 µm. c , Fluorescence over 20 h ( n = 4 technical repeats, 3 independent experiments, 2 virus stocks). d , Calu-3 cell infection with B.1, Delta and Omicron/BA.1. Supernatants were assessed by RT-qPCR ( n = 3 technical repeats, 2 independent experiments). e , SARS-CoV-2 entry routes: route 1 – fusion at the cell surface following processing by TMPRSS2; route 2 – fusion occurs post endocytosis after processing by cathepsins. Routes 1 and 2 are inhibited by Camostat and E64d, respectively. f , SARS-CoV-2 pseudotype infection of cell lines, mean luciferase values (1 experiment, n = 8 technical repeats, representative of 3 independent experiments). Route 1 predominates in Calu-3, route 2 in HEK, and both routes are supported by A549-ACE2-TMPRSS2. Control is Pangolin CoV (route 2 only), negative control is no glycoprotein pseudotypes (No). g , Relative pseudotype infection (compared to untreated) of 10 μM protease inhibitor-treated cells; mean of 4 biological repeats, **** P < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA, Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. h , Camostat (left) and E64d (right) titration against Delta, Omicron/BA.1 and Pangolin CoV in A549-ACE2-TMPRSS2; mean relative infection compared to untreated control ( n = 2 biological repeats). i , Immunoblot of spike-expressing HEK lysates with anti-spike (S2) and anti-actin. j , HEK infection by Omicron/BA.2 pseudotype; mean luciferase values (1 experiment, n = 8 technical repeats, representative of 3 independent experiments). k , hNEC infection with Delta and Omicron/BA.1 clinical isolates, supernatants assessed by RT-qPCR; mean of 2 independent biological repeats. l , Immunoblots of uninfected (left) and infected (right) hNEC and Calu-3 lysates. Immunoblots probed for ACE2, TMPRSS2, Cathepsin-L, GAPDH, Spike S1 and N. m , Cell–cell fusion (as in a ) in Omicron/BA.1-transfected cells treated with trypsin. Plot displays mean fluorescence (1 experiment, 3 technical repeats, representative of 2 independent experiments). n , Cell–cell fusion in Delta or Omicron/BA.1-transfected cells, ±0.3 µg ml −1 trypsin. Data are relative to fusion by Omicron/BA.1 spike (−trypsin, 8 h), mean of 2 biological repeats. All error bars represent s.e.m.

Techniques Used: Virus, Cell Culture, Expressing, Fluorescence, Generated, Infection, Quantitative RT-PCR, Luciferase, Control, Negative Control, Protease Inhibitor, Titration, Western Blot, Transfection

GFP-10 and GFP-11 A549 ACE2 TMPRSS2 cells were co-cultured and infected with Delta and Omicron BA.1 clinical isolates or with live reverse-genetics virus in which the Delta or Omicron BA.1 spike is presented in the context of the ancestral wildtype B lineage genome. Fusion was quantified by measuring GFP signal, as in Fig. .
Figure Legend Snippet: GFP-10 and GFP-11 A549 ACE2 TMPRSS2 cells were co-cultured and infected with Delta and Omicron BA.1 clinical isolates or with live reverse-genetics virus in which the Delta or Omicron BA.1 spike is presented in the context of the ancestral wildtype B lineage genome. Fusion was quantified by measuring GFP signal, as in Fig. .

Techniques Used: Cell Culture, Infection, Virus

SARS-CoV-2 infection of A549 ACE2 TMPRSS2 cells in the presence of 10 µM Camostat or E64d, data is expressed relative to untreated control, values represent mean across two independent experiments, asterisks indicate statistical significance (Two tailed T-test) between E64d treated Delta and Omicron infections. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean.
Figure Legend Snippet: SARS-CoV-2 infection of A549 ACE2 TMPRSS2 cells in the presence of 10 µM Camostat or E64d, data is expressed relative to untreated control, values represent mean across two independent experiments, asterisks indicate statistical significance (Two tailed T-test) between E64d treated Delta and Omicron infections. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean.

Techniques Used: Infection, Control, Two Tailed Test

a , Top: schematic representation of domain swap constructs between WT (lineage B) and Omicron spike. Bottom: linear representation illustrates the junction points between the chimeric proteins. b , Domain swap pseudotype infection of HEK cells. Data represent mean luciferase values from a representative experiment ( n = 8 technical repeats, data are representative of 3 independent experiments). c , Sensitivity of domain swap pseudotypes to camostat and E64d in A549-ACE2-TMPRSS2 cells. Data are expressed relative to the untreated control for each virus. Values represent the mean of 3 biological repeats. d , Immunoblot analyses of lysates from HEK cells producing domain swap pseudotypes. Blots were probed for spike (S1 and processed S2), actin loading control and HIV Gag p55 transfection control. The actin control relates to the S1 blot, while the p55 control relates to the processed S2 blot. e , Quantification of spike proteolytic processing in WT (lineage B), Omicron BA.1 and the reciprocal RBD swaps. Data are expressed relative to the total for a given spike and represent the mean of 5 independent blots. f , Cell fusion assay using cells transfected with WT (lineage B) (left), Omicron BA.1 (right) and the reciprocal RBD swap spikes. Plot displays mean GFP fluorescence signal from 1 representative experiment. g , Cell–cell fusion (as in f ). Data are expressed relative to fusion by WT (lineage B) spike (at 16 h) and are the mean of 4 independent experiments. One-way ANOVA, * P < 0.01, **** P < 0.0001. In all plots, error bars represent s.e.m.
Figure Legend Snippet: a , Top: schematic representation of domain swap constructs between WT (lineage B) and Omicron spike. Bottom: linear representation illustrates the junction points between the chimeric proteins. b , Domain swap pseudotype infection of HEK cells. Data represent mean luciferase values from a representative experiment ( n = 8 technical repeats, data are representative of 3 independent experiments). c , Sensitivity of domain swap pseudotypes to camostat and E64d in A549-ACE2-TMPRSS2 cells. Data are expressed relative to the untreated control for each virus. Values represent the mean of 3 biological repeats. d , Immunoblot analyses of lysates from HEK cells producing domain swap pseudotypes. Blots were probed for spike (S1 and processed S2), actin loading control and HIV Gag p55 transfection control. The actin control relates to the S1 blot, while the p55 control relates to the processed S2 blot. e , Quantification of spike proteolytic processing in WT (lineage B), Omicron BA.1 and the reciprocal RBD swaps. Data are expressed relative to the total for a given spike and represent the mean of 5 independent blots. f , Cell fusion assay using cells transfected with WT (lineage B) (left), Omicron BA.1 (right) and the reciprocal RBD swap spikes. Plot displays mean GFP fluorescence signal from 1 representative experiment. g , Cell–cell fusion (as in f ). Data are expressed relative to fusion by WT (lineage B) spike (at 16 h) and are the mean of 4 independent experiments. One-way ANOVA, * P < 0.01, **** P < 0.0001. In all plots, error bars represent s.e.m.

Techniques Used: Construct, Infection, Luciferase, Control, Virus, Western Blot, Transfection, Cell Fusion Assay, Fluorescence

a , Vero ACE2 TMPRSS2 (VAT) and BHK-hACE2 cells were inoculated with diluted clinical samples. Viral progeny was quantified in the medium 5 dpi by RT-qPCR. b , Aliquots of the medium from samples named 204 and 205 were used to generate a P1 in BHK-hACE2 and Calu-3 cells and, limited to sample 205, a P2 in Calu-3 and Caco2 cells. Viral stocks were quantified by RT-qPCR.
Figure Legend Snippet: a , Vero ACE2 TMPRSS2 (VAT) and BHK-hACE2 cells were inoculated with diluted clinical samples. Viral progeny was quantified in the medium 5 dpi by RT-qPCR. b , Aliquots of the medium from samples named 204 and 205 were used to generate a P1 in BHK-hACE2 and Calu-3 cells and, limited to sample 205, a P2 in Calu-3 and Caco2 cells. Viral stocks were quantified by RT-qPCR.

Techniques Used: Quantitative RT-PCR

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Article Snippet: .. Membranes were blocked using 5% nonfat dried milk diluted in Tris Buffered Saline with 0.1% Tween 20, and incubated, overnight at 4 ◦C, with the following antibodies: anti-ACE2 (Ref.: Ab272500, Abcam.—Figures 1C and S1B; or Ref.: Ab108252, Abcam—Figures 1B, 2C and 7A), anti-SARS-CoV-2 S protein (Ref.: 569965, Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, MA, USA), anti-Nucleocapsid (Ref.: 26369, Cell Signaling Technology), anti-TMPRSS2 (Proteintech, Chicago, IL, USA; Ref: 14437-1-AP), and anti-β-actin (Ref.: A2228, Sigma-Aldrich). .. Then, the membranes were incubated with HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA).

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Article Snippet: .. Membranes were blocked using 5% nonfat dried milk diluted in Tris Buffered Saline with 0.1% Tween 20, and incubated, overnight at 4 °C, with the following antibodies: anti-ACE2 (Ref.: Ab272500 , Abcam.— C and ; or Ref.: Ab108252 , Abcam— B, C and A), anti-SARS-CoV-2 S protein (Ref.: 569965, Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, MA, USA), anti-Nucleocapsid (Ref.: 26369, Cell Signaling Technology), anti-TMPRSS2 (Proteintech, Chicago, IL, USA; Ref: 14437-1-AP), and anti-β-actin (Ref.: A2228, Sigma-Aldrich). .. Then, the membranes were incubated with HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA).

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Article Title: SARS-Cov-2 Replication in a Blood-Brain Barrier Model Established with Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Induces Permeability and Disables ACE2-Dependent Regulation of Bradykinin B1 Receptor.
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FIGURE 1 (A) Graphical overview of the experimental set-up, starting with the isolation of seminal fluid extracellular vesicles (SF-EVs) from leftover semen samples via ultracentrifugation and size-exclusion chromatography. The purified SF-EV stocks showed distinctive <t>TMPRSS2</t> enzyme activity and were characterised for size distribution via nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Then, we confirmed surface-exposed TMPRSS2 on the SF-EVs via high-sensitivity flow cytometry, triggering us to develop an SF-EV based in vitro screening assay for TMPRSS2-inhibitors. (B) Architecture of TMPRSS2. Native TMPRSS2 constitutes the N-terminal cytoplasmic, the transmembrane, the LDL- receptor class A, the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich and the peptidase S1 domains. The recombinant TMPRSS2 (dasTMPRSS2, 44 kDa) constitutes the LDL-receptor class A, the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich, the peptidase S1 domain (26 kDa) and an AviTag and C-terminal 8xHIS-tag (not shown), with the enterokinase-cleavable sequence DDDDK255 at the red dot replacing the native SRQSR255 amino acid sequence. TM: transmembrane domain (amino acids 85–105); N and C: N- and C-terminus, respectively. Numbers indicate amino acid position according to UniProt O15393. Figure created with BioRender.com.
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Requirement of higher levels of ACE2 for efficient membrane fusion by the Omicron spike (A) Time course of cell-cell fusion mediated by various full-length S proteins, as indicated, with the target HEK293 cells transfected with 10 μg ACE2. (B) Time course of cell-cell fusion mediated by various full-length S proteins, as indicated, using HEK293 cells without exogenous ACE2. (C) Cell-cell fusion mediated by various full-length S proteins with HEK293 cells transfected with various levels (0–5 μg) of the ACE2 expression construct. (D) Cell-cell fusion mediated by various full-length S proteins expressed in HEK293 cells cotransfected with 5 μg furin expression construct and the ACE2-expressing target cells cotransfected with 5 μg <t>TMPRSS2</t> expression construct. The experiments were performed in triplicates and repeated at least twice, with independent samples giving similar results. Error bars indicate the standard deviation calculated by the Excel STDEV function.
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Image Search Results


FIGURE 1 (A) Graphical overview of the experimental set-up, starting with the isolation of seminal fluid extracellular vesicles (SF-EVs) from leftover semen samples via ultracentrifugation and size-exclusion chromatography. The purified SF-EV stocks showed distinctive TMPRSS2 enzyme activity and were characterised for size distribution via nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Then, we confirmed surface-exposed TMPRSS2 on the SF-EVs via high-sensitivity flow cytometry, triggering us to develop an SF-EV based in vitro screening assay for TMPRSS2-inhibitors. (B) Architecture of TMPRSS2. Native TMPRSS2 constitutes the N-terminal cytoplasmic, the transmembrane, the LDL- receptor class A, the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich and the peptidase S1 domains. The recombinant TMPRSS2 (dasTMPRSS2, 44 kDa) constitutes the LDL-receptor class A, the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich, the peptidase S1 domain (26 kDa) and an AviTag and C-terminal 8xHIS-tag (not shown), with the enterokinase-cleavable sequence DDDDK255 at the red dot replacing the native SRQSR255 amino acid sequence. TM: transmembrane domain (amino acids 85–105); N and C: N- and C-terminus, respectively. Numbers indicate amino acid position according to UniProt O15393. Figure created with BioRender.com.

Journal: Journal of extracellular vesicles

Article Title: Human Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2) on Human Seminal Fluid Extracellular Vesicles Is Proteolytically Active.

doi: 10.1002/jev2.70061

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 1 (A) Graphical overview of the experimental set-up, starting with the isolation of seminal fluid extracellular vesicles (SF-EVs) from leftover semen samples via ultracentrifugation and size-exclusion chromatography. The purified SF-EV stocks showed distinctive TMPRSS2 enzyme activity and were characterised for size distribution via nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Then, we confirmed surface-exposed TMPRSS2 on the SF-EVs via high-sensitivity flow cytometry, triggering us to develop an SF-EV based in vitro screening assay for TMPRSS2-inhibitors. (B) Architecture of TMPRSS2. Native TMPRSS2 constitutes the N-terminal cytoplasmic, the transmembrane, the LDL- receptor class A, the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich and the peptidase S1 domains. The recombinant TMPRSS2 (dasTMPRSS2, 44 kDa) constitutes the LDL-receptor class A, the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich, the peptidase S1 domain (26 kDa) and an AviTag and C-terminal 8xHIS-tag (not shown), with the enterokinase-cleavable sequence DDDDK255 at the red dot replacing the native SRQSR255 amino acid sequence. TM: transmembrane domain (amino acids 85–105); N and C: N- and C-terminus, respectively. Numbers indicate amino acid position according to UniProt O15393. Figure created with BioRender.com.

Article Snippet: Our engineered TMPRSS2 protein expression construct is available on Addgene (plasmid no. 207850).

Techniques: Isolation, Size-exclusion Chromatography, Purification, Activity Assay, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Flow Cytometry, In Vitro, Screening Assay, Recombinant, Sequencing

FIGURE 3 SF-EVs and recombinant TMPRSS2 both display specific trypsin-like enzyme activity. (A) Michaelis–Menten plot of initial reaction velocities (V0) for kinetic parameter estimation of the generic Boc-QAR-AMC fluorogenic substrate cleaved by SF-EVs (± 3.3 × 1010 vesicles/mL), after curve fitting in GraphPad (Supporting Information Equation 1). Michaelis constant (Km: 278 ± 52 µM) is indicated by dotted line. (B) Plot of the fractional enzyme activity in SF-EVs (3.3 × 1010 vesicles/mL) versus [Nafamostat mesylate] by measuring the initial reaction velocities at 37◦C in the presence of 100 µM Boc-QAR-AMC fluorogenic substrate and curve fitting for absolute IC50 determination in GraphPad (Supporting Information Equation 2). IC50 (31 ± 5 pM) is indicated by dotted line. (C) Michaelis–Menten plot of initial reaction velocities for kinetic parameter estimation of the generic Boc-QAR- AMC fluorogenic substrate cleaved by recombinant TMPRSS2 (50 pM), after curve fitting in GraphPad (Supporting Information Equation 1). Michaelis constant (Km: 133 ± 16 µM) is indicated by dotted line. (D) Plot of the fractional enzyme activity of recombinant TMPRSS2 (50 pM) versus [Nafamostat mesylate] by measuring the initial reaction velocities at 37◦C in the presence of 100 µM Boc-QAR-AMC fluorogenic substrate and curve fit for absolute IC50 in GraphPad (Supporting Information Equation 2). IC50 (68 ± 3 pM) is indicated by dotted line. All data are shown as mean ± s.d. and were all performed in biological triplicate (n = 3). Graphs were created with GraphPad Prism v9.1.1.

Journal: Journal of extracellular vesicles

Article Title: Human Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2) on Human Seminal Fluid Extracellular Vesicles Is Proteolytically Active.

doi: 10.1002/jev2.70061

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 3 SF-EVs and recombinant TMPRSS2 both display specific trypsin-like enzyme activity. (A) Michaelis–Menten plot of initial reaction velocities (V0) for kinetic parameter estimation of the generic Boc-QAR-AMC fluorogenic substrate cleaved by SF-EVs (± 3.3 × 1010 vesicles/mL), after curve fitting in GraphPad (Supporting Information Equation 1). Michaelis constant (Km: 278 ± 52 µM) is indicated by dotted line. (B) Plot of the fractional enzyme activity in SF-EVs (3.3 × 1010 vesicles/mL) versus [Nafamostat mesylate] by measuring the initial reaction velocities at 37◦C in the presence of 100 µM Boc-QAR-AMC fluorogenic substrate and curve fitting for absolute IC50 determination in GraphPad (Supporting Information Equation 2). IC50 (31 ± 5 pM) is indicated by dotted line. (C) Michaelis–Menten plot of initial reaction velocities for kinetic parameter estimation of the generic Boc-QAR- AMC fluorogenic substrate cleaved by recombinant TMPRSS2 (50 pM), after curve fitting in GraphPad (Supporting Information Equation 1). Michaelis constant (Km: 133 ± 16 µM) is indicated by dotted line. (D) Plot of the fractional enzyme activity of recombinant TMPRSS2 (50 pM) versus [Nafamostat mesylate] by measuring the initial reaction velocities at 37◦C in the presence of 100 µM Boc-QAR-AMC fluorogenic substrate and curve fit for absolute IC50 in GraphPad (Supporting Information Equation 2). IC50 (68 ± 3 pM) is indicated by dotted line. All data are shown as mean ± s.d. and were all performed in biological triplicate (n = 3). Graphs were created with GraphPad Prism v9.1.1.

Article Snippet: Our engineered TMPRSS2 protein expression construct is available on Addgene (plasmid no. 207850).

Techniques: Recombinant, Activity Assay

FIGURE 4 High-sensitivity flow cytometry analysis of SF-EVs. Density plots (R670/30-A vs. SP SSC-H) of purified SF-EVs co-stained with CFDA- SE and (A) anti-human TMPRSS2-APC or (B) anti-human CD26-APC, followed by bottom-up density gradient ultracentrifugation. The plots show a 60 s analysis of fraction 6 (1:50 dilution in PBS) and are representative of technical duplicate or triplicate (n = 2–3). All axes are denoted in arbitrary units. Gates were set as described in the MIFlowCyt checklist (Table S5). (A) The density plot of CFDA-SE positive events labelled with anti-human TMPRSS2 antibody demonstrates a moderate increase in the APC signal (R670/30-A). (B) The density plot of CFDA-SE positive events labelled with anti-human CD26 antibody demonstrates a low increase in the APC signal (R670/30-A).

Journal: Journal of extracellular vesicles

Article Title: Human Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2) on Human Seminal Fluid Extracellular Vesicles Is Proteolytically Active.

doi: 10.1002/jev2.70061

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 4 High-sensitivity flow cytometry analysis of SF-EVs. Density plots (R670/30-A vs. SP SSC-H) of purified SF-EVs co-stained with CFDA- SE and (A) anti-human TMPRSS2-APC or (B) anti-human CD26-APC, followed by bottom-up density gradient ultracentrifugation. The plots show a 60 s analysis of fraction 6 (1:50 dilution in PBS) and are representative of technical duplicate or triplicate (n = 2–3). All axes are denoted in arbitrary units. Gates were set as described in the MIFlowCyt checklist (Table S5). (A) The density plot of CFDA-SE positive events labelled with anti-human TMPRSS2 antibody demonstrates a moderate increase in the APC signal (R670/30-A). (B) The density plot of CFDA-SE positive events labelled with anti-human CD26 antibody demonstrates a low increase in the APC signal (R670/30-A).

Article Snippet: Our engineered TMPRSS2 protein expression construct is available on Addgene (plasmid no. 207850).

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Purification, Staining

FIGURE 5 Detection of TMPRSS2 in the seminal fluid-derived extracellular vesicle preparations. The detected TMPRSS2 band perfectly matches the theoretical weight of the Peptidase S1 domain (26 kDa) as calculated with ExPASy ProtParam, with the less prominent band probably arising due to off-target auto-activation of the protein (Gasteiger et al. 2005). The band detected in the PC3 cells most closely correlates to the extracellular topological domain of TMPRSS2 and can also slightly be detected in the SF-EVs. A molecular weight ladder (Std) was loaded on each gel. Std, PageRuler Plus Prestained Protein Ladder; EV, seminal-fluid extracellular vesicles; PC3, prostate cancer cell lysate.

Journal: Journal of extracellular vesicles

Article Title: Human Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2) on Human Seminal Fluid Extracellular Vesicles Is Proteolytically Active.

doi: 10.1002/jev2.70061

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 5 Detection of TMPRSS2 in the seminal fluid-derived extracellular vesicle preparations. The detected TMPRSS2 band perfectly matches the theoretical weight of the Peptidase S1 domain (26 kDa) as calculated with ExPASy ProtParam, with the less prominent band probably arising due to off-target auto-activation of the protein (Gasteiger et al. 2005). The band detected in the PC3 cells most closely correlates to the extracellular topological domain of TMPRSS2 and can also slightly be detected in the SF-EVs. A molecular weight ladder (Std) was loaded on each gel. Std, PageRuler Plus Prestained Protein Ladder; EV, seminal-fluid extracellular vesicles; PC3, prostate cancer cell lysate.

Article Snippet: Our engineered TMPRSS2 protein expression construct is available on Addgene (plasmid no. 207850).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Activation Assay, Molecular Weight

Requirement of higher levels of ACE2 for efficient membrane fusion by the Omicron spike (A) Time course of cell-cell fusion mediated by various full-length S proteins, as indicated, with the target HEK293 cells transfected with 10 μg ACE2. (B) Time course of cell-cell fusion mediated by various full-length S proteins, as indicated, using HEK293 cells without exogenous ACE2. (C) Cell-cell fusion mediated by various full-length S proteins with HEK293 cells transfected with various levels (0–5 μg) of the ACE2 expression construct. (D) Cell-cell fusion mediated by various full-length S proteins expressed in HEK293 cells cotransfected with 5 μg furin expression construct and the ACE2-expressing target cells cotransfected with 5 μg TMPRSS2 expression construct. The experiments were performed in triplicates and repeated at least twice, with independent samples giving similar results. Error bars indicate the standard deviation calculated by the Excel STDEV function.

Journal: Cell Reports

Article Title: Structural and functional impact by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike mutations

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110729

Figure Lengend Snippet: Requirement of higher levels of ACE2 for efficient membrane fusion by the Omicron spike (A) Time course of cell-cell fusion mediated by various full-length S proteins, as indicated, with the target HEK293 cells transfected with 10 μg ACE2. (B) Time course of cell-cell fusion mediated by various full-length S proteins, as indicated, using HEK293 cells without exogenous ACE2. (C) Cell-cell fusion mediated by various full-length S proteins with HEK293 cells transfected with various levels (0–5 μg) of the ACE2 expression construct. (D) Cell-cell fusion mediated by various full-length S proteins expressed in HEK293 cells cotransfected with 5 μg furin expression construct and the ACE2-expressing target cells cotransfected with 5 μg TMPRSS2 expression construct. The experiments were performed in triplicates and repeated at least twice, with independent samples giving similar results. Error bars indicate the standard deviation calculated by the Excel STDEV function.

Article Snippet: The furin and TMPRSS2 expression constructs were purchased from Origene (Rockville, MD, Cat# SC118550 and CAT# SC323858).

Techniques: Membrane, Transfection, Expressing, Construct, Standard Deviation

Journal: Cell Reports

Article Title: Structural and functional impact by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike mutations

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110729

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: The furin and TMPRSS2 expression constructs were purchased from Origene (Rockville, MD, Cat# SC118550 and CAT# SC323858).

Techniques: Virus, Recombinant, Reporter Gene Assay, Luciferase, Expressing, Construct, Strep-tag, Sequencing, Variant Assay, Software