Journal: EMBO Reports
Article Title: Sulf1 regulates inflammation via modulation of TGF-β dependent epicardial activation
doi: 10.1038/s44319-026-00910-5
Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) 4 dpci DMSO-treated and TGF-β inhibitor-treated ventricular sections stained for MyHC (CMs, green), mCherry (macrophages, magenta), and DAPI (DNA, blue). Arrowheads point to mpeg1.1 :mCherryF + cells. ( B ) Number of mpeg1.1 :mCherryF + cells per mm 2 injured area in DMSO-treated ( n = 6) and TGFβ inhibitor-treated ( n = 5) ventricles at 4 dpci. ( C ) RT-qPCR analysis of tnfa, il6 and il1b mRNA levels in control (Ctrl) ( n = 4) and TGF-β inhibitor-treated ( n = 5) cryoinjured ventricles at 4 dpci. ( D ) RT-qPCR analysis of ccl20a.3 and cdaa mRNA levels in control (Ctrl) ( n = 5) and TGFβ inhibitor-treated ( n = 5) cryoinjured ventricles at 4 dpci. ( E ) 4 dpci sulf1 +/+ , sulf1 +/+ dexamethasone-treated (DEX), sulf1 −/− and sulf1 −/− dexamethasone-treated ventricular sections stained for pSmad3 (magenta) and DAPI (DNA, blue). Arrowheads point to pSmad3 + cells. ( F ) Number of pSmad3 + cells per mm 2 injured area in sulf1 +/+ ( n = 4), sulf1 +/+ dexamethasone-treated ( n = 4), sulf1 −/− ( n = 5) and sulf1 −/− dexamethasone-treated ( n = 6) ventricles at 4 dpci. ( G ) 30 dpci sulf1 −/− DMSO-treated and sulf1 −/− dexamethasone-treated ventricular sections stained with AFOG for muscle (yellow), collagen (blue), and fibrin (red). ( H ) Percentage representation of groups of different fibrotic area sizes at 30 dpci for cryoinjured sulf1 −/− DMSO-treated ( n = 6) and sulf1 −/− dexamethasone-treated ( n = 5) ventricles. Black dotted lines delineate the area with collagen and fibrin deposits. ( I ) Percentage of collagen/fibrin in fibrotic area in sulf1 −/− DMSO-treated ( n = 6) and sulf1 −/− dexamethasone-treated ( n = 5) ventricles at 30 dpci. Scale bars: 100 µm. White dashed lines delineate the injured area. Statistical tests: Nonparametric Mann–Whitney test ( C , D ), Student’s t test ( B , F , I ). For the boxplots, the center line indicates the median; the box bounds represent the 25th and 75th percentiles; the whiskers extend to the most extreme data points; and each point represents an independent measurement. .
Article Snippet: For the TGF-β inhibitor experiment, fish were incubated in system water supplemented with TGF-β inhibitor (Cat. no. SB431542, 50 mg BOC Sciences) or DMSO at a concentration of 10 μM per fish starting 1 day prior to cryoinjuries until 4 dpci when the hearts were extracted.
Techniques: Staining, Quantitative RT-PCR, Analysis, Control, MANN-WHITNEY
