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rectangular pulses  (Digitimer North America LLC)
95
Digitimer North America LLC rectangular pulses
a , Schematic of the new TIME design: each arm carries an array of eight 80 µm-diameter microelectrodes and a <t>rectangular</t> reference electrode (0.4 mm x 60 µm). The lead has an L-shaped layout and two 0.55 mm anchoring arrow-shaped structures to improve fixation within the nerve. b , Extraction force for TIME devices pulled from an explanted sciatic nerve affixed to a petri dish. The graph shows three measurements made with the previous linear TIME design (red) and three with the new design incorporating the anchoring features (light blue). c , Cross-sectional fabrication workflow of the device, illustrating the four main process steps. d , Optical image of a fabricated device showing the electrode array, with a magnified view of a single microelectrode and the rectangular pad electrode. e , Impedance spectra for a PI-PI device (red) and a device with alumina encapsulation (light blue): magnitude (solid line) and phase (dashed line), n=16 electrodes per device. f , Impedance magnitude at 10 Hz (blue) and 1 kHz (light blue) for nine arrays (each with eight microelectrodes). Boxplots represent the 25 th -75 th percentiles. g , Voltage polarization to biphasic current pulses (1 ms per phase): mean traces ± s.d. (shaded), comparing PI-PI (red) and alumina-encapsulated (light blue) devices (n=16 microelectrodes per type). h , Cathodic (blue) and anodic (light blue) charge injection limits for the eight electrodes across nine different arrays. The bar plot represents average values. i , Homogeneity factor for impedance magnitude at 1 kHz and for cathodic/anodic charge injection limits across the nine arrays shown in f and h . The bar plot represents the average value.
Rectangular Pulses, supplied by Digitimer North America LLC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/rectangular+pulses/DS4/bio_rxiv__64898__2026__01__23__701276-236-6-17
Average 95 stars, based on 1 article reviews
rectangular pulses - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
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rectangular pulse generator  (Digitimer North America LLC)
96
Digitimer North America LLC rectangular pulse generator
a , Schematic of the new TIME design: each arm carries an array of eight 80 µm-diameter microelectrodes and a <t>rectangular</t> reference electrode (0.4 mm x 60 µm). The lead has an L-shaped layout and two 0.55 mm anchoring arrow-shaped structures to improve fixation within the nerve. b , Extraction force for TIME devices pulled from an explanted sciatic nerve affixed to a petri dish. The graph shows three measurements made with the previous linear TIME design (red) and three with the new design incorporating the anchoring features (light blue). c , Cross-sectional fabrication workflow of the device, illustrating the four main process steps. d , Optical image of a fabricated device showing the electrode array, with a magnified view of a single microelectrode and the rectangular pad electrode. e , Impedance spectra for a PI-PI device (red) and a device with alumina encapsulation (light blue): magnitude (solid line) and phase (dashed line), n=16 electrodes per device. f , Impedance magnitude at 10 Hz (blue) and 1 kHz (light blue) for nine arrays (each with eight microelectrodes). Boxplots represent the 25 th -75 th percentiles. g , Voltage polarization to biphasic current pulses (1 ms per phase): mean traces ± s.d. (shaded), comparing PI-PI (red) and alumina-encapsulated (light blue) devices (n=16 microelectrodes per type). h , Cathodic (blue) and anodic (light blue) charge injection limits for the eight electrodes across nine different arrays. The bar plot represents average values. i , Homogeneity factor for impedance magnitude at 1 kHz and for cathodic/anodic charge injection limits across the nine arrays shown in f and h . The bar plot represents the average value.
Rectangular Pulse Generator, supplied by Digitimer North America LLC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/rectangular+pulses/Stimulator+Mounting+Frame+-+Digitimer/pm22313341__nl203983e_si_001-41-0-4
Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
rectangular pulse generator - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
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monophasic rectangular pulses  (Digitimer North America LLC)
90
Digitimer North America LLC monophasic rectangular pulses
a , Schematic of the new TIME design: each arm carries an array of eight 80 µm-diameter microelectrodes and a <t>rectangular</t> reference electrode (0.4 mm x 60 µm). The lead has an L-shaped layout and two 0.55 mm anchoring arrow-shaped structures to improve fixation within the nerve. b , Extraction force for TIME devices pulled from an explanted sciatic nerve affixed to a petri dish. The graph shows three measurements made with the previous linear TIME design (red) and three with the new design incorporating the anchoring features (light blue). c , Cross-sectional fabrication workflow of the device, illustrating the four main process steps. d , Optical image of a fabricated device showing the electrode array, with a magnified view of a single microelectrode and the rectangular pad electrode. e , Impedance spectra for a PI-PI device (red) and a device with alumina encapsulation (light blue): magnitude (solid line) and phase (dashed line), n=16 electrodes per device. f , Impedance magnitude at 10 Hz (blue) and 1 kHz (light blue) for nine arrays (each with eight microelectrodes). Boxplots represent the 25 th -75 th percentiles. g , Voltage polarization to biphasic current pulses (1 ms per phase): mean traces ± s.d. (shaded), comparing PI-PI (red) and alumina-encapsulated (light blue) devices (n=16 microelectrodes per type). h , Cathodic (blue) and anodic (light blue) charge injection limits for the eight electrodes across nine different arrays. The bar plot represents average values. i , Homogeneity factor for impedance magnitude at 1 kHz and for cathodic/anodic charge injection limits across the nine arrays shown in f and h . The bar plot represents the average value.
Monophasic Rectangular Pulses, supplied by Digitimer North America LLC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/rectangular+pulses/monophasic+square+wave+pulses/pm39586887-69-0-9
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
monophasic rectangular pulses - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
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rectangular pulse siu91a  (Cygnus Technologies)
90
Cygnus Technologies rectangular pulse siu91a
a , Schematic of the new TIME design: each arm carries an array of eight 80 µm-diameter microelectrodes and a <t>rectangular</t> reference electrode (0.4 mm x 60 µm). The lead has an L-shaped layout and two 0.55 mm anchoring arrow-shaped structures to improve fixation within the nerve. b , Extraction force for TIME devices pulled from an explanted sciatic nerve affixed to a petri dish. The graph shows three measurements made with the previous linear TIME design (red) and three with the new design incorporating the anchoring features (light blue). c , Cross-sectional fabrication workflow of the device, illustrating the four main process steps. d , Optical image of a fabricated device showing the electrode array, with a magnified view of a single microelectrode and the rectangular pad electrode. e , Impedance spectra for a PI-PI device (red) and a device with alumina encapsulation (light blue): magnitude (solid line) and phase (dashed line), n=16 electrodes per device. f , Impedance magnitude at 10 Hz (blue) and 1 kHz (light blue) for nine arrays (each with eight microelectrodes). Boxplots represent the 25 th -75 th percentiles. g , Voltage polarization to biphasic current pulses (1 ms per phase): mean traces ± s.d. (shaded), comparing PI-PI (red) and alumina-encapsulated (light blue) devices (n=16 microelectrodes per type). h , Cathodic (blue) and anodic (light blue) charge injection limits for the eight electrodes across nine different arrays. The bar plot represents average values. i , Homogeneity factor for impedance magnitude at 1 kHz and for cathodic/anodic charge injection limits across the nine arrays shown in f and h . The bar plot represents the average value.
Rectangular Pulse Siu91a, supplied by Cygnus Technologies, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/rectangular+pulses/siu+91+constant+current+isolator/pmc11905349-79-45-51
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
rectangular pulse siu91a - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
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vpp rectangular pulse  (Keysight Technologies)
86
Keysight Technologies vpp rectangular pulse
a , Schematic of the new TIME design: each arm carries an array of eight 80 µm-diameter microelectrodes and a <t>rectangular</t> reference electrode (0.4 mm x 60 µm). The lead has an L-shaped layout and two 0.55 mm anchoring arrow-shaped structures to improve fixation within the nerve. b , Extraction force for TIME devices pulled from an explanted sciatic nerve affixed to a petri dish. The graph shows three measurements made with the previous linear TIME design (red) and three with the new design incorporating the anchoring features (light blue). c , Cross-sectional fabrication workflow of the device, illustrating the four main process steps. d , Optical image of a fabricated device showing the electrode array, with a magnified view of a single microelectrode and the rectangular pad electrode. e , Impedance spectra for a PI-PI device (red) and a device with alumina encapsulation (light blue): magnitude (solid line) and phase (dashed line), n=16 electrodes per device. f , Impedance magnitude at 10 Hz (blue) and 1 kHz (light blue) for nine arrays (each with eight microelectrodes). Boxplots represent the 25 th -75 th percentiles. g , Voltage polarization to biphasic current pulses (1 ms per phase): mean traces ± s.d. (shaded), comparing PI-PI (red) and alumina-encapsulated (light blue) devices (n=16 microelectrodes per type). h , Cathodic (blue) and anodic (light blue) charge injection limits for the eight electrodes across nine different arrays. The bar plot represents average values. i , Homogeneity factor for impedance magnitude at 1 kHz and for cathodic/anodic charge injection limits across the nine arrays shown in f and h . The bar plot represents the average value.
Vpp Rectangular Pulse, supplied by Keysight Technologies, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/rectangular+pulses/pulse+rectangular+vpp/10__1109_slash_tbcas__2025__3644885-252-2-19
Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
vpp rectangular pulse - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
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generator of monopolar rectangular pulses (2300v-10a) and a hydropuls mini  (GBS Elektronik)
90
GBS Elektronik generator of monopolar rectangular pulses (2300v-10a) and a hydropuls mini
a , Schematic of the new TIME design: each arm carries an array of eight 80 µm-diameter microelectrodes and a <t>rectangular</t> reference electrode (0.4 mm x 60 µm). The lead has an L-shaped layout and two 0.55 mm anchoring arrow-shaped structures to improve fixation within the nerve. b , Extraction force for TIME devices pulled from an explanted sciatic nerve affixed to a petri dish. The graph shows three measurements made with the previous linear TIME design (red) and three with the new design incorporating the anchoring features (light blue). c , Cross-sectional fabrication workflow of the device, illustrating the four main process steps. d , Optical image of a fabricated device showing the electrode array, with a magnified view of a single microelectrode and the rectangular pad electrode. e , Impedance spectra for a PI-PI device (red) and a device with alumina encapsulation (light blue): magnitude (solid line) and phase (dashed line), n=16 electrodes per device. f , Impedance magnitude at 10 Hz (blue) and 1 kHz (light blue) for nine arrays (each with eight microelectrodes). Boxplots represent the 25 th -75 th percentiles. g , Voltage polarization to biphasic current pulses (1 ms per phase): mean traces ± s.d. (shaded), comparing PI-PI (red) and alumina-encapsulated (light blue) devices (n=16 microelectrodes per type). h , Cathodic (blue) and anodic (light blue) charge injection limits for the eight electrodes across nine different arrays. The bar plot represents average values. i , Homogeneity factor for impedance magnitude at 1 kHz and for cathodic/anodic charge injection limits across the nine arrays shown in f and h . The bar plot represents the average value.
Generator Of Monopolar Rectangular Pulses (2300v 10a) And A Hydropuls Mini, supplied by GBS Elektronik, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/rectangular+pulses/generator+of+monopolar+rectangular+pulses++2300v+10a++and+a+hydropuls+mini/pm39770673-49-12-22
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
generator of monopolar rectangular pulses (2300v-10a) and a hydropuls mini - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
90/100 stars
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generator of monopolar rectangular pulses  (GBS Elektronik)
90
GBS Elektronik generator of monopolar rectangular pulses
a , Schematic of the new TIME design: each arm carries an array of eight 80 µm-diameter microelectrodes and a <t>rectangular</t> reference electrode (0.4 mm x 60 µm). The lead has an L-shaped layout and two 0.55 mm anchoring arrow-shaped structures to improve fixation within the nerve. b , Extraction force for TIME devices pulled from an explanted sciatic nerve affixed to a petri dish. The graph shows three measurements made with the previous linear TIME design (red) and three with the new design incorporating the anchoring features (light blue). c , Cross-sectional fabrication workflow of the device, illustrating the four main process steps. d , Optical image of a fabricated device showing the electrode array, with a magnified view of a single microelectrode and the rectangular pad electrode. e , Impedance spectra for a PI-PI device (red) and a device with alumina encapsulation (light blue): magnitude (solid line) and phase (dashed line), n=16 electrodes per device. f , Impedance magnitude at 10 Hz (blue) and 1 kHz (light blue) for nine arrays (each with eight microelectrodes). Boxplots represent the 25 th -75 th percentiles. g , Voltage polarization to biphasic current pulses (1 ms per phase): mean traces ± s.d. (shaded), comparing PI-PI (red) and alumina-encapsulated (light blue) devices (n=16 microelectrodes per type). h , Cathodic (blue) and anodic (light blue) charge injection limits for the eight electrodes across nine different arrays. The bar plot represents average values. i , Homogeneity factor for impedance magnitude at 1 kHz and for cathodic/anodic charge injection limits across the nine arrays shown in f and h . The bar plot represents the average value.
Generator Of Monopolar Rectangular Pulses, supplied by GBS Elektronik, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/rectangular+pulses/generator+of+monopolar+rectangular+pulses/pmc11728201-44-12-22
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
generator of monopolar rectangular pulses - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
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rectangular pulse digitimer ds7r constant-current stimulator  (Digitimer North America LLC)
90
Digitimer North America LLC rectangular pulse digitimer ds7r constant-current stimulator
a , Schematic of the new TIME design: each arm carries an array of eight 80 µm-diameter microelectrodes and a <t>rectangular</t> reference electrode (0.4 mm x 60 µm). The lead has an L-shaped layout and two 0.55 mm anchoring arrow-shaped structures to improve fixation within the nerve. b , Extraction force for TIME devices pulled from an explanted sciatic nerve affixed to a petri dish. The graph shows three measurements made with the previous linear TIME design (red) and three with the new design incorporating the anchoring features (light blue). c , Cross-sectional fabrication workflow of the device, illustrating the four main process steps. d , Optical image of a fabricated device showing the electrode array, with a magnified view of a single microelectrode and the rectangular pad electrode. e , Impedance spectra for a PI-PI device (red) and a device with alumina encapsulation (light blue): magnitude (solid line) and phase (dashed line), n=16 electrodes per device. f , Impedance magnitude at 10 Hz (blue) and 1 kHz (light blue) for nine arrays (each with eight microelectrodes). Boxplots represent the 25 th -75 th percentiles. g , Voltage polarization to biphasic current pulses (1 ms per phase): mean traces ± s.d. (shaded), comparing PI-PI (red) and alumina-encapsulated (light blue) devices (n=16 microelectrodes per type). h , Cathodic (blue) and anodic (light blue) charge injection limits for the eight electrodes across nine different arrays. The bar plot represents average values. i , Homogeneity factor for impedance magnitude at 1 kHz and for cathodic/anodic charge injection limits across the nine arrays shown in f and h . The bar plot represents the average value.
Rectangular Pulse Digitimer Ds7r Constant Current Stimulator, supplied by Digitimer North America LLC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/rectangular+pulses/constant+current+stimulator+ds7a/pm39441213-80-15-18
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
rectangular pulse digitimer ds7r constant-current stimulator - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
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rectangular electrical pulse  (Digitimer North America LLC)
96
Digitimer North America LLC rectangular electrical pulse
a , Schematic of the new TIME design: each arm carries an array of eight 80 µm-diameter microelectrodes and a <t>rectangular</t> reference electrode (0.4 mm x 60 µm). The lead has an L-shaped layout and two 0.55 mm anchoring arrow-shaped structures to improve fixation within the nerve. b , Extraction force for TIME devices pulled from an explanted sciatic nerve affixed to a petri dish. The graph shows three measurements made with the previous linear TIME design (red) and three with the new design incorporating the anchoring features (light blue). c , Cross-sectional fabrication workflow of the device, illustrating the four main process steps. d , Optical image of a fabricated device showing the electrode array, with a magnified view of a single microelectrode and the rectangular pad electrode. e , Impedance spectra for a PI-PI device (red) and a device with alumina encapsulation (light blue): magnitude (solid line) and phase (dashed line), n=16 electrodes per device. f , Impedance magnitude at 10 Hz (blue) and 1 kHz (light blue) for nine arrays (each with eight microelectrodes). Boxplots represent the 25 th -75 th percentiles. g , Voltage polarization to biphasic current pulses (1 ms per phase): mean traces ± s.d. (shaded), comparing PI-PI (red) and alumina-encapsulated (light blue) devices (n=16 microelectrodes per type). h , Cathodic (blue) and anodic (light blue) charge injection limits for the eight electrodes across nine different arrays. The bar plot represents average values. i , Homogeneity factor for impedance magnitude at 1 kHz and for cathodic/anodic charge injection limits across the nine arrays shown in f and h . The bar plot represents the average value.
Rectangular Electrical Pulse, supplied by Digitimer North America LLC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/rectangular+pulses/DS3+Constant+Current+Stimulator/pmc11538257-278-4-13
Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
rectangular electrical pulse - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
96/100 stars
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rectangular pulses  (Bruker Corporation)
97
Bruker Corporation rectangular pulses
a , Schematic of the new TIME design: each arm carries an array of eight 80 µm-diameter microelectrodes and a <t>rectangular</t> reference electrode (0.4 mm x 60 µm). The lead has an L-shaped layout and two 0.55 mm anchoring arrow-shaped structures to improve fixation within the nerve. b , Extraction force for TIME devices pulled from an explanted sciatic nerve affixed to a petri dish. The graph shows three measurements made with the previous linear TIME design (red) and three with the new design incorporating the anchoring features (light blue). c , Cross-sectional fabrication workflow of the device, illustrating the four main process steps. d , Optical image of a fabricated device showing the electrode array, with a magnified view of a single microelectrode and the rectangular pad electrode. e , Impedance spectra for a PI-PI device (red) and a device with alumina encapsulation (light blue): magnitude (solid line) and phase (dashed line), n=16 electrodes per device. f , Impedance magnitude at 10 Hz (blue) and 1 kHz (light blue) for nine arrays (each with eight microelectrodes). Boxplots represent the 25 th -75 th percentiles. g , Voltage polarization to biphasic current pulses (1 ms per phase): mean traces ± s.d. (shaded), comparing PI-PI (red) and alumina-encapsulated (light blue) devices (n=16 microelectrodes per type). h , Cathodic (blue) and anodic (light blue) charge injection limits for the eight electrodes across nine different arrays. The bar plot represents average values. i , Homogeneity factor for impedance magnitude at 1 kHz and for cathodic/anodic charge injection limits across the nine arrays shown in f and h . The bar plot represents the average value.
Rectangular Pulses, supplied by Bruker Corporation, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 97/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/rectangular+pulses/pm39428392-261-1-31
Average 97 stars, based on 1 article reviews
rectangular pulses - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
97/100 stars
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a , Schematic of the new TIME design: each arm carries an array of eight 80 µm-diameter microelectrodes and a rectangular reference electrode (0.4 mm x 60 µm). The lead has an L-shaped layout and two 0.55 mm anchoring arrow-shaped structures to improve fixation within the nerve. b , Extraction force for TIME devices pulled from an explanted sciatic nerve affixed to a petri dish. The graph shows three measurements made with the previous linear TIME design (red) and three with the new design incorporating the anchoring features (light blue). c , Cross-sectional fabrication workflow of the device, illustrating the four main process steps. d , Optical image of a fabricated device showing the electrode array, with a magnified view of a single microelectrode and the rectangular pad electrode. e , Impedance spectra for a PI-PI device (red) and a device with alumina encapsulation (light blue): magnitude (solid line) and phase (dashed line), n=16 electrodes per device. f , Impedance magnitude at 10 Hz (blue) and 1 kHz (light blue) for nine arrays (each with eight microelectrodes). Boxplots represent the 25 th -75 th percentiles. g , Voltage polarization to biphasic current pulses (1 ms per phase): mean traces ± s.d. (shaded), comparing PI-PI (red) and alumina-encapsulated (light blue) devices (n=16 microelectrodes per type). h , Cathodic (blue) and anodic (light blue) charge injection limits for the eight electrodes across nine different arrays. The bar plot represents average values. i , Homogeneity factor for impedance magnitude at 1 kHz and for cathodic/anodic charge injection limits across the nine arrays shown in f and h . The bar plot represents the average value.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Advances in Thin-Film Graphene Neurotechnology for Chronic Nerve Stimulation and Recording

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.23.701276

Figure Lengend Snippet: a , Schematic of the new TIME design: each arm carries an array of eight 80 µm-diameter microelectrodes and a rectangular reference electrode (0.4 mm x 60 µm). The lead has an L-shaped layout and two 0.55 mm anchoring arrow-shaped structures to improve fixation within the nerve. b , Extraction force for TIME devices pulled from an explanted sciatic nerve affixed to a petri dish. The graph shows three measurements made with the previous linear TIME design (red) and three with the new design incorporating the anchoring features (light blue). c , Cross-sectional fabrication workflow of the device, illustrating the four main process steps. d , Optical image of a fabricated device showing the electrode array, with a magnified view of a single microelectrode and the rectangular pad electrode. e , Impedance spectra for a PI-PI device (red) and a device with alumina encapsulation (light blue): magnitude (solid line) and phase (dashed line), n=16 electrodes per device. f , Impedance magnitude at 10 Hz (blue) and 1 kHz (light blue) for nine arrays (each with eight microelectrodes). Boxplots represent the 25 th -75 th percentiles. g , Voltage polarization to biphasic current pulses (1 ms per phase): mean traces ± s.d. (shaded), comparing PI-PI (red) and alumina-encapsulated (light blue) devices (n=16 microelectrodes per type). h , Cathodic (blue) and anodic (light blue) charge injection limits for the eight electrodes across nine different arrays. The bar plot represents average values. i , Homogeneity factor for impedance magnitude at 1 kHz and for cathodic/anodic charge injection limits across the nine arrays shown in f and h . The bar plot represents the average value.

Article Snippet: Stimulation was delivered using 50 biphasic rectangular pulses (100 μs duration, 0 to 10 mA; DS4 Stimulator, Digitimer) in bipolar configuration via two small needle electrodes inserted near each nerve, into the medial, lateral, or dorso-medial regions of the paw.

Techniques: Extraction, Encapsulation, Injection