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Fisher Scientific phosphate buffered saline
Phosphate Buffered Saline, supplied by Fisher Scientific, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/pbs+buffer/buffered+phosphate+saline/pmc13264137-18-0-7
Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
phosphate buffered saline - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
86/100 stars

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Incubation:

Article Title: Influences of Indium (III) Chloride on Mammalian Renal Cell (Vero) Morphology, Viability, Reactive Oxygen Species Production, and Adhesive Protein Expression
Article Snippet: Ninety-five μL of base media with suspended cells was deposited into each well of a black NuncTM MicroWell 96-Well, Nunclon Delta-Treated Flat-Bottom Microplate (Thermal Fisher Scientific, Mississauga, ON, Canada). .. InCl3 solution was added to the wells to achieve the five targeted concentrations described in Section 2.1 and incubated for 24 h. The consumed media was aspirated after incubation, and the cells were rinsed twice with GibcoTM Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS) 1×, pH 7.4 (Cat#10010023, Fisher Scientific Company Canada, Nepean, ON, Canada), and then aspirated. ..

Saline:

Article Title: Influences of Indium (III) Chloride on Mammalian Renal Cell (Vero) Morphology, Viability, Reactive Oxygen Species Production, and Adhesive Protein Expression
Article Snippet: Ninety-five μL of base media with suspended cells was deposited into each well of a black NuncTM MicroWell 96-Well, Nunclon Delta-Treated Flat-Bottom Microplate (Thermal Fisher Scientific, Mississauga, ON, Canada). .. InCl3 solution was added to the wells to achieve the five targeted concentrations described in Section 2.1 and incubated for 24 h. The consumed media was aspirated after incubation, and the cells were rinsed twice with GibcoTM Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS) 1×, pH 7.4 (Cat#10010023, Fisher Scientific Company Canada, Nepean, ON, Canada), and then aspirated. ..

Article Title: Bioresorbable, stereochemically defined elastomers and methods of making and using same
Article Snippet: .. The following reagents were used as received for cell culture and assessment of cellular activity: α-MEM, penicillin (10,000 U/mL)/streptomycin (10,000 μg/mL) (pen/strep), fetal bovine serum (FBS), trypan blue, and the LIVE/DEADTM assay kit were ordered from Life Technologies; trypsin-ethylene diamine tetraacetice acid (EDTA), Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 1,4-piperazinediethanesulfonic acid (PIPES), polyethylene glycol (PEG, 8000 kDa), paraformaldehyde, TRITONTM X-100, sodium borohydride, donkey serum, and secondary donkey anti-mouse IgG-488 antibody were ordered from Fisher Scientific; ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), and mouse monoclonal primary anti-vinculin antibody were purchased from Sigma Aldrich; Rhodamine phalloidin was ordered from VWR: 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) nuclear stain and the PrestoBlueTM metabolic assay were ordered from Life Technologies InvitrogenTM. ..

Article Title:
Article Snippet: Assembled devices were incubated at 37°C in RPMI 1640 media with L-glutamine (Cytiva HyClone, Massachusetts, USA) for 48 hours to ensure sterility via no observed bacterial growth. .. Lastly, devices were filled using sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS, Fisher Scientific, Massachusetts, USA) and 20% w/v pluronic F-127 (PF-127, Sigma-Aldrich, Missouri, USA) using aseptic technique. .. Resin, nanoporous membranes and nylon meshes (n=6 per group) were weighed and each placed in individual 1.5 mL Eppendorf tubes with sink solution of sterile 1X PBS with 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Sigma-Aldrich, Missouri USA) and incubated at either 37°C or 67°C (accelerated conditions).

Article Title: Glucose concentration of neuronal media formulations influences PINK1-dependent mitophagy in human iNeurons
Article Snippet: Cells were treated with 1 μM O/A and then fixed with 4% formaldehyde (Sigma; 20 min, RT). .. Cells were washed 3× with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; Fisher Scientific) prior to blocking and permeabilisation with 1× PBS supplemented with 10% v/v fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 0.25% w/v Triton X-100 (both Gibco; 1 h, RT). .. Cells were then incubated with the following primary antibodies diluted in blocking buffer (10% v/v FBS in 1× PBS, 3 h, RT): rabbit anti-pUb(Ser65) IgG (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 62,802, RRID:AB_2799632), mouse antiTOM20 IgG2a (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology Cat# sc-17764, RRID:AB_628381), chicken anti-MAP2 IgY (1:5000; Millipore Cat# AB5543, RRID:AB_571049).

Article Title: Glucose concentration of neuronal media formulations influences PINK1-dependent mitophagy in human iNeurons
Article Snippet: Cells were treated with 1 μM O/A and then fixed with 4% formaldehyde (Sigma; 20 min, RT). .. Cells were washed 3× with phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; Fisher Scientific) prior to blocking and permeabilisation with 1× PBS supplemented with 10% v/v fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 0.25% w/v Triton X-100 (both Gibco; 1 h, RT). .. Cells were then incubated with the following primary antibodies diluted in blocking buffer (10% v/v FBS in 1× PBS, 3 h, RT): rabbit anti-pUb(Ser65) IgG (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 62,802, RRID:AB_2799632), mouse anti-TOM20 IgG2a (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology Cat# sc-17764, RRID:AB_628381), chicken anti-MAP2 IgY (1:5000; Millipore Cat# AB5543, RRID:AB_571049).

Article Title: High-Content Immunofluorescence Quantification of Transcription Factors: Application to pSMADs for BMP/TGFβ Signaling Pathways.
Article Snippet: .. C2C12 cells or hPDSCs Sterile phosphate buffer saline (sPBS) (Fisher Scientific, cat. no. 14190-169) Trypsin solution (Fisher Scientific, cat. no. 25200-072) DMEM complete media, with 10% FBS and 1% antibiotics solution (Fisher Scientific, cat. no. 11320074) Formaldehyde, 37% (Sigma-Aldrich, cat no. F1635) PBS (Sigma-Aldrich, cat. no. P4417) Khodr et al. 3 of 15 Current Protocols 26911299, 2026, 6, D ow nloaded from https://currentprotocols.onlinelibrary.w iley.com /doi/10.1002/cpz1.70399 by IN A SP - N E PA L , W iley O nline L ibrary on [16/06/2026]. .. See the T erm s and C onditions (https://onlinelibrary.w iley.com /term s-and-conditions) on W iley O nline L ibrary for rules of use; O A articles are governed by the applicable C reative C om m ons L icense Triton X-100, 0.2% v/v in 1× PBS (Sigma-Aldrich) Bovine serum albumin (BSA), 3% v/v in 1× PBS (Fisher Scientific, cat. no. BP9703) Rabbit anti-pSMAD1/5/9 primary antibody (Cell Signaling Technology, cat. no. 13820S) Rabbit anti-pSMAD2/3 primary antibody (Cell Signaling Technology, cat. no. 18338S) Goat anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 555 secondary antibody (Thermo Fisher Scientific, cat. no. A32732) Hoechst 33342 (Invitrogen, cat. no. H3570) EVO 4 liquid handling robot (Tecan Group) Class II biosafety cabinet (BSL-2 hood) (ESCO Group) SensoPlate 96-well flat glass-bottom cell-culture treated plates (Greiner, cat. no. 655891) T-175 cell culture flasks (Greiner, cat. no. 658975) Cell Incubator (PHCbi Holdings Corporation) Centrifuge (Eppendorf, Germany) Automated cell counter (TC20, Bio-Rad) Disposable counting slides (Bio-Rad, cat no. 1450011) Microscope adapted to tissue culture (Nikon Eclipse TS2) Preparation of the cell culture microplates coated with the biomimetic films 1.

Article Title: Ready-to-use 3D bioprinted scaffolds from natural materials loaded with patient’s PRGF for personalized skin regeneration
Article Snippet: Eagle’s Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM 30–2003) , ATCC , 30–2003. .. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4, 1×) , Fisher Scientific , Cat# 10316743. .. Trypsin , Fisher Scientific , Cat# 11580626.

Cell Culture:

Article Title: Bioresorbable, stereochemically defined elastomers and methods of making and using same
Article Snippet: .. The following reagents were used as received for cell culture and assessment of cellular activity: α-MEM, penicillin (10,000 U/mL)/streptomycin (10,000 μg/mL) (pen/strep), fetal bovine serum (FBS), trypan blue, and the LIVE/DEADTM assay kit were ordered from Life Technologies; trypsin-ethylene diamine tetraacetice acid (EDTA), Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 1,4-piperazinediethanesulfonic acid (PIPES), polyethylene glycol (PEG, 8000 kDa), paraformaldehyde, TRITONTM X-100, sodium borohydride, donkey serum, and secondary donkey anti-mouse IgG-488 antibody were ordered from Fisher Scientific; ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), and mouse monoclonal primary anti-vinculin antibody were purchased from Sigma Aldrich; Rhodamine phalloidin was ordered from VWR: 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) nuclear stain and the PrestoBlueTM metabolic assay were ordered from Life Technologies InvitrogenTM. ..

Activity Assay:

Article Title: Bioresorbable, stereochemically defined elastomers and methods of making and using same
Article Snippet: .. The following reagents were used as received for cell culture and assessment of cellular activity: α-MEM, penicillin (10,000 U/mL)/streptomycin (10,000 μg/mL) (pen/strep), fetal bovine serum (FBS), trypan blue, and the LIVE/DEADTM assay kit were ordered from Life Technologies; trypsin-ethylene diamine tetraacetice acid (EDTA), Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 1,4-piperazinediethanesulfonic acid (PIPES), polyethylene glycol (PEG, 8000 kDa), paraformaldehyde, TRITONTM X-100, sodium borohydride, donkey serum, and secondary donkey anti-mouse IgG-488 antibody were ordered from Fisher Scientific; ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), and mouse monoclonal primary anti-vinculin antibody were purchased from Sigma Aldrich; Rhodamine phalloidin was ordered from VWR: 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) nuclear stain and the PrestoBlueTM metabolic assay were ordered from Life Technologies InvitrogenTM. ..

Staining:

Article Title: Bioresorbable, stereochemically defined elastomers and methods of making and using same
Article Snippet: .. The following reagents were used as received for cell culture and assessment of cellular activity: α-MEM, penicillin (10,000 U/mL)/streptomycin (10,000 μg/mL) (pen/strep), fetal bovine serum (FBS), trypan blue, and the LIVE/DEADTM assay kit were ordered from Life Technologies; trypsin-ethylene diamine tetraacetice acid (EDTA), Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 1,4-piperazinediethanesulfonic acid (PIPES), polyethylene glycol (PEG, 8000 kDa), paraformaldehyde, TRITONTM X-100, sodium borohydride, donkey serum, and secondary donkey anti-mouse IgG-488 antibody were ordered from Fisher Scientific; ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), and mouse monoclonal primary anti-vinculin antibody were purchased from Sigma Aldrich; Rhodamine phalloidin was ordered from VWR: 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) nuclear stain and the PrestoBlueTM metabolic assay were ordered from Life Technologies InvitrogenTM. ..

Metabolic Assay:

Article Title: Bioresorbable, stereochemically defined elastomers and methods of making and using same
Article Snippet: .. The following reagents were used as received for cell culture and assessment of cellular activity: α-MEM, penicillin (10,000 U/mL)/streptomycin (10,000 μg/mL) (pen/strep), fetal bovine serum (FBS), trypan blue, and the LIVE/DEADTM assay kit were ordered from Life Technologies; trypsin-ethylene diamine tetraacetice acid (EDTA), Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 1,4-piperazinediethanesulfonic acid (PIPES), polyethylene glycol (PEG, 8000 kDa), paraformaldehyde, TRITONTM X-100, sodium borohydride, donkey serum, and secondary donkey anti-mouse IgG-488 antibody were ordered from Fisher Scientific; ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), and mouse monoclonal primary anti-vinculin antibody were purchased from Sigma Aldrich; Rhodamine phalloidin was ordered from VWR: 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) nuclear stain and the PrestoBlueTM metabolic assay were ordered from Life Technologies InvitrogenTM. ..

Sterility:

Article Title:
Article Snippet: Assembled devices were incubated at 37°C in RPMI 1640 media with L-glutamine (Cytiva HyClone, Massachusetts, USA) for 48 hours to ensure sterility via no observed bacterial growth. .. Lastly, devices were filled using sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS, Fisher Scientific, Massachusetts, USA) and 20% w/v pluronic F-127 (PF-127, Sigma-Aldrich, Missouri, USA) using aseptic technique. .. Resin, nanoporous membranes and nylon meshes (n=6 per group) were weighed and each placed in individual 1.5 mL Eppendorf tubes with sink solution of sterile 1X PBS with 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Sigma-Aldrich, Missouri USA) and incubated at either 37°C or 67°C (accelerated conditions).

Article Title: High-Content Immunofluorescence Quantification of Transcription Factors: Application to pSMADs for BMP/TGFβ Signaling Pathways.
Article Snippet: .. C2C12 cells or hPDSCs Sterile phosphate buffer saline (sPBS) (Fisher Scientific, cat. no. 14190-169) Trypsin solution (Fisher Scientific, cat. no. 25200-072) DMEM complete media, with 10% FBS and 1% antibiotics solution (Fisher Scientific, cat. no. 11320074) Formaldehyde, 37% (Sigma-Aldrich, cat no. F1635) PBS (Sigma-Aldrich, cat. no. P4417) Khodr et al. 3 of 15 Current Protocols 26911299, 2026, 6, D ow nloaded from https://currentprotocols.onlinelibrary.w iley.com /doi/10.1002/cpz1.70399 by IN A SP - N E PA L , W iley O nline L ibrary on [16/06/2026]. .. See the T erm s and C onditions (https://onlinelibrary.w iley.com /term s-and-conditions) on W iley O nline L ibrary for rules of use; O A articles are governed by the applicable C reative C om m ons L icense Triton X-100, 0.2% v/v in 1× PBS (Sigma-Aldrich) Bovine serum albumin (BSA), 3% v/v in 1× PBS (Fisher Scientific, cat. no. BP9703) Rabbit anti-pSMAD1/5/9 primary antibody (Cell Signaling Technology, cat. no. 13820S) Rabbit anti-pSMAD2/3 primary antibody (Cell Signaling Technology, cat. no. 18338S) Goat anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 555 secondary antibody (Thermo Fisher Scientific, cat. no. A32732) Hoechst 33342 (Invitrogen, cat. no. H3570) EVO 4 liquid handling robot (Tecan Group) Class II biosafety cabinet (BSL-2 hood) (ESCO Group) SensoPlate 96-well flat glass-bottom cell-culture treated plates (Greiner, cat. no. 655891) T-175 cell culture flasks (Greiner, cat. no. 658975) Cell Incubator (PHCbi Holdings Corporation) Centrifuge (Eppendorf, Germany) Automated cell counter (TC20, Bio-Rad) Disposable counting slides (Bio-Rad, cat no. 1450011) Microscope adapted to tissue culture (Nikon Eclipse TS2) Preparation of the cell culture microplates coated with the biomimetic films 1.

Blocking Assay:

Article Title: Glucose concentration of neuronal media formulations influences PINK1-dependent mitophagy in human iNeurons
Article Snippet: Cells were treated with 1 μM O/A and then fixed with 4% formaldehyde (Sigma; 20 min, RT). .. Cells were washed 3× with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; Fisher Scientific) prior to blocking and permeabilisation with 1× PBS supplemented with 10% v/v fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 0.25% w/v Triton X-100 (both Gibco; 1 h, RT). .. Cells were then incubated with the following primary antibodies diluted in blocking buffer (10% v/v FBS in 1× PBS, 3 h, RT): rabbit anti-pUb(Ser65) IgG (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 62,802, RRID:AB_2799632), mouse antiTOM20 IgG2a (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology Cat# sc-17764, RRID:AB_628381), chicken anti-MAP2 IgY (1:5000; Millipore Cat# AB5543, RRID:AB_571049).

Article Title: Glucose concentration of neuronal media formulations influences PINK1-dependent mitophagy in human iNeurons
Article Snippet: Cells were treated with 1 μM O/A and then fixed with 4% formaldehyde (Sigma; 20 min, RT). .. Cells were washed 3× with phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; Fisher Scientific) prior to blocking and permeabilisation with 1× PBS supplemented with 10% v/v fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 0.25% w/v Triton X-100 (both Gibco; 1 h, RT). .. Cells were then incubated with the following primary antibodies diluted in blocking buffer (10% v/v FBS in 1× PBS, 3 h, RT): rabbit anti-pUb(Ser65) IgG (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 62,802, RRID:AB_2799632), mouse anti-TOM20 IgG2a (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology Cat# sc-17764, RRID:AB_628381), chicken anti-MAP2 IgY (1:5000; Millipore Cat# AB5543, RRID:AB_571049).

Injection:

Article Title: APOE4 Increases Systemic Inflammation and Alters Metabolic and Neuroprotective Pathways following Multi-Agent Chemotherapy in Older Human APOE Knock-In Mice.
Article Snippet: Please cite this article as: Naeem A, McCormack M, Lein R, Perez MS, Knoer G, Garcia S, Kausch M, Lee Y, Carroll J, Cole S, Ahn J, Fan R, Dage J, Oblak A, Khan N, Rebeck GW, Avantaggiati ML, Mandelblatt J, Albanese C, Rodriguez O, APOE4 Increases Systemic Inflammation and Alters Metabolic and Neuroprotective Pathways following Multi-Agent Chemotherapy in Older Human APOE Knock-In Mice, The American Journal of Pathology (2026), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2026.05.004.

Control:

Article Title: APOE4 Increases Systemic Inflammation and Alters Metabolic and Neuroprotective Pathways following Multi-Agent Chemotherapy in Older Human APOE Knock-In Mice.
Article Snippet: Please cite this article as: Naeem A, McCormack M, Lein R, Perez MS, Knoer G, Garcia S, Kausch M, Lee Y, Carroll J, Cole S, Ahn J, Fan R, Dage J, Oblak A, Khan N, Rebeck GW, Avantaggiati ML, Mandelblatt J, Albanese C, Rodriguez O, APOE4 Increases Systemic Inflammation and Alters Metabolic and Neuroprotective Pathways following Multi-Agent Chemotherapy in Older Human APOE Knock-In Mice, The American Journal of Pathology (2026), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2026.05.004.



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Methodological workflow from sample preparation to measuring the cellular response capacity (CRC). Following blood collection, samples are prepared for flow cytometric analysis either unstimulated (PBS as buffer control) or stimulated with an inflammatory cocktail (cocktail of N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, platelet-activating factor, and tumor necrosis factor). The CRC is calculated as the ratio of median fluorescence intensity (MFI) between stimulated and unstimulated neutrophils. Three approaches, classic, simple, and kinetic CRC, offer distinct advantages and limitations based on technical aspects such as manual processing steps (e.g., centrifugation) and incubation time. n =13–14. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s post-hoc test, comparing patients with sepsis at all time points (shown in the figure: 0 h, not shown in the figure: 24, 72, 120 h) with healthy volunteers (HV). P -values are indicated above the respective data points. Asterisks indicate significant differences between HV and patients at 0 h only. ⁎ P <0.05, ⁎⁎ P <0.01, ⁎⁎⁎ P <0.001. AUC. Area under the curve; AU. Arbitrary units; PBS. Phosphate-buffered saline; E. coli Escherichia coli .

Journal: Military Medical Research

Article Title: The cellular response capacity (CRC) as a novel immunomonitoring approach in sepsis

doi: 10.1016/j.mmr.2026.100010

Figure Lengend Snippet: Methodological workflow from sample preparation to measuring the cellular response capacity (CRC). Following blood collection, samples are prepared for flow cytometric analysis either unstimulated (PBS as buffer control) or stimulated with an inflammatory cocktail (cocktail of N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, platelet-activating factor, and tumor necrosis factor). The CRC is calculated as the ratio of median fluorescence intensity (MFI) between stimulated and unstimulated neutrophils. Three approaches, classic, simple, and kinetic CRC, offer distinct advantages and limitations based on technical aspects such as manual processing steps (e.g., centrifugation) and incubation time. n =13–14. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s post-hoc test, comparing patients with sepsis at all time points (shown in the figure: 0 h, not shown in the figure: 24, 72, 120 h) with healthy volunteers (HV). P -values are indicated above the respective data points. Asterisks indicate significant differences between HV and patients at 0 h only. ⁎ P <0.05, ⁎⁎ P <0.01, ⁎⁎⁎ P <0.001. AUC. Area under the curve; AU. Arbitrary units; PBS. Phosphate-buffered saline; E. coli Escherichia coli .

Article Snippet: Subsequently, the monovettes were exposed to either phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with calcium and magnesium (PBS +/+ , #14080055, Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA) and the bacterial culture media [buffer control of Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) suspension, hereafter referred to as BuC], viable E. coli bacteria (ATCC line 25922, DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany), or LPS (100 ng/ml, from E. coli O55:B5, #L2637, Sigma Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany).

Techniques: Sample Prep, Control, Fluorescence, Centrifugation, Incubation, Saline

Comparison of different approaches to measure the cellular response capacity (CRC) for CD11b on neutrophil granulocytes. Blood from healthy volunteers was incubated with either PBS (Control) or 100 ng/ml LPS for 60 min in the ex vivo whole blood model. a Analysis of the median fluorescence intensity (MFI). b Evaluation of the CRC as determined by different approaches (classic, simple, and kinetic CRC). c, d Change in fluorescence intensity and change in CRC using the kinetic CRC approach, comparing blood with previous exposure to LPS or PBS (buffer control) from the ex vivo whole blood model. In both c and d , the single-cell values measured by flow cytometry were condensed using a moving median with a window of 9 cells. This moving median was then approximated with a 5 th -degree polynomial function. The plots display these polynomial functions together with the baseline (median before stimulation) and a connecting line from the baseline to the polynomial function for 30 s after stimulation. Values are shown as median and interquartile range. n= 10. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. ⁎⁎⁎ P <0.001. AU. Arbitrary units; LPS. Lipopolysaccharide; PBS. Phosphate-buffered saline.

Journal: Military Medical Research

Article Title: The cellular response capacity (CRC) as a novel immunomonitoring approach in sepsis

doi: 10.1016/j.mmr.2026.100010

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of different approaches to measure the cellular response capacity (CRC) for CD11b on neutrophil granulocytes. Blood from healthy volunteers was incubated with either PBS (Control) or 100 ng/ml LPS for 60 min in the ex vivo whole blood model. a Analysis of the median fluorescence intensity (MFI). b Evaluation of the CRC as determined by different approaches (classic, simple, and kinetic CRC). c, d Change in fluorescence intensity and change in CRC using the kinetic CRC approach, comparing blood with previous exposure to LPS or PBS (buffer control) from the ex vivo whole blood model. In both c and d , the single-cell values measured by flow cytometry were condensed using a moving median with a window of 9 cells. This moving median was then approximated with a 5 th -degree polynomial function. The plots display these polynomial functions together with the baseline (median before stimulation) and a connecting line from the baseline to the polynomial function for 30 s after stimulation. Values are shown as median and interquartile range. n= 10. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. ⁎⁎⁎ P <0.001. AU. Arbitrary units; LPS. Lipopolysaccharide; PBS. Phosphate-buffered saline.

Article Snippet: Subsequently, the monovettes were exposed to either phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with calcium and magnesium (PBS +/+ , #14080055, Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA) and the bacterial culture media [buffer control of Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) suspension, hereafter referred to as BuC], viable E. coli bacteria (ATCC line 25922, DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany), or LPS (100 ng/ml, from E. coli O55:B5, #L2637, Sigma Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany).

Techniques: Comparison, Incubation, Control, Ex Vivo, Fluorescence, Single Cell, Flow Cytometry, MANN-WHITNEY, Saline

Characterization of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from conditioned medium (CM). (a) Particle size distribution and concentration of EVs measured by nanoparticle tracking analysis. Median particle diameter: 143.6 nm; particle concentration: 1.6 × 10 9 particles/mL per 1 mL of unpurified CM prior to EV isolation. (b) Zeta potential of EVs measured in phosphate-buffered saline, showing a negatively charged surface of −36.38 mV. (c) Quantification of CD63-positive EVs using a Tim4–CD63 sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. EV concentration is expressed per 1 mL of pre-purified CM. Statistical analysis using Welch's t -test demonstrated a significant difference between CM and EV samples ( n = 3 per group, ∗ p < 0.001).

Journal: Regenerative Therapy

Article Title: Dental pulp cell–derived conditioned culture media promotes periodontal repair through immunomodulation and bone regeneration

doi: 10.1016/j.reth.2026.101144

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from conditioned medium (CM). (a) Particle size distribution and concentration of EVs measured by nanoparticle tracking analysis. Median particle diameter: 143.6 nm; particle concentration: 1.6 × 10 9 particles/mL per 1 mL of unpurified CM prior to EV isolation. (b) Zeta potential of EVs measured in phosphate-buffered saline, showing a negatively charged surface of −36.38 mV. (c) Quantification of CD63-positive EVs using a Tim4–CD63 sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. EV concentration is expressed per 1 mL of pre-purified CM. Statistical analysis using Welch's t -test demonstrated a significant difference between CM and EV samples ( n = 3 per group, ∗ p < 0.001).

Article Snippet: For subsequent passaging, the medium was removed and the dishes were rinsed twice with phosphate-buffered saline (Nacalai Tesque).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Concentration Assay, Isolation, Zeta Potential Analyzer, Saline, Sandwich ELISA, Purification