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Proteintech gitrl
Gitrl, supplied by Proteintech, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 4 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/gitrl/TNFSF18+Antibody/pm41881966-226-20-23
Average 93 stars, based on 4 article reviews
gitrl - by Bioz Stars, 2026-11
93/100 stars

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Related Articles

Incubation:

Article Title: RUNX1 restrains STAT1-GITRL signaling to shape an immunosuppressive CRC microenvironment
Article Snippet: .. Subsequently, the slides were incubated overnight at 4 °C in a humidified chamber with primary antibodies against RUNX1 (1:400, 25315-1-AP, Proteintech), GITRL (1:1500, 23899-1-AP, Proteintech), or FOXP3 (1:1500, UM870140, Origene). .. Following primary antibody incubation, the sections were treated with a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit/mouse IgG H&L secondary antibody (bs-0295G-HRP, Bioss) for 1 h at room temperature.

Article Title: RUNX1 restrains STAT1-GITRL signaling to shape an immunosuppressive CRC microenvironment.
Article Snippet: .. Subsequently, the slides were incubated overnight at 4°C in a humidified chamber with primary antibodies against RUNX1 (1:400, 25315-1-AP, Proteintech), GITRL (1:1500, 23899-1-AP, Proteintech), or AR TI CL E IN P RE SS FOXP3 (1:1500, UM870140, Origene). .. Following primary antibody incubation, the sections were treated with a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit/mouse IgG H&L secondary antibody (bs-0295G-HRP, Bioss) for 1 hour at room temperature.

Article Title: GITRL impairs hepatocyte repopulation by liver progenitor cells to aggravate inflammation and fibrosis by GITR + CD8 + T lymphocytes in CDE Mice
Article Snippet: .. The sections were incubated with goat anti-TdTomato (1:400, Biorbyt, Catalogue Number: orb182397), mouse anti-cytokertin 19 (CK19) (1:200, RnD Systems, Catalogue Number: MAB3506), mouse anti-hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)4α (1:200, Abcam, Catalogue Number: ab41898), or rabbit anti-GITRL (1:150, ProteinTech, Catalogue Number: 23899-1-AP) primary antibodies. .. For visualization, the tissue sections were incubated with secondary antibodies conjugated to Alexa 488 (1:600; Molecular Probes, Catalogue Number: A-21202 or A-21206) and/or Alexa 555 (1:600; Molecular Probes, Catalogue Number: A-21432 or A-31572) under a Nikon 50i fluorescence microscope (Nikon, Japan) and scanned by a Panoramic MIDI Digital Slide Scanner (3DHISTECH, HUN).

Recombinant:

Article Title: Microglia mediated by LAG3 regulate astrocyte morphogenesis in the brain white matter.
Article Snippet: .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies Goat Anti-IBA1 Abcam Cat# ab5076; RRID: AB_2224402 Rabbit Anti-IBA1 Wako Cat# 019-19741; RRID: AB_839504 Rabbit Anti-LAG3 Millipore Cat# MABF954; RRID: AB_3073509 Rat Anti-CD68 Bio-Rad Cat# MCA1957; RRID: AB_2335597 Rabbit Anti-CD68 Proteintech Cat# 28058-1-AP; RRID: AB_2881049 Rabbit Anti-CX3CR1 Abcam Cat# ab8021; RRID: AB_306203 Rabbit Anti-Ki67 Abcam Cat# ab15580; RRID: AB_443209 Rabbit Anti-GFAP Agilent Cat# Z0334; RRID: AB_10013382 Mouse Anti-GFAP Sigma Cat# G6171; RRID: AB_1840893 Mouse Anti-ALDH1L1 Abcam Cat# ab56777; RRID: AB_940204 Mouse Anti-ACSBG1 Novus Biologicals Cat# NBP2-02554; RRID: AB_3245453 Rabbit Anti-Olig2 Abcam Cat# ab109186; RRID: AB_10861310 Mouse Anti-L1CAM Abcam Cat# ab24345; RRID: AB_448025 Rabbit Anti-p-P38 MAPK Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 4511P; RRID: AB_2139682 Rabbit Anti-P38 MAPK Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 8690S; RRID: AB_10999090 Rabbit Anti-AKT Abmart Cat# T55561F; RRID: AB_2936969 Rabbit Anti-p-AKT Abmart Cat# T40067F; RRID: AB_2936953 Rabbit Anti-mTOR Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 2983T; RRID: AB_2105622 Rabbit Anti-p-mTOR Abmart Cat# T56571F; RRID: AB_2936395 Mouse Anti-β-Actin Proteintech Cat# 60008-1-Ig; RRID: AB_2289225 Rabbit Anti-β-Actin Proteintech Cat# 20536-1-AP; RRID: AB_10700003 Mouse Anti-Flag Sigma-Aldrich Cat# F1804; RRID: AB_262044 Rabbit Anti-HA Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 3724S; RRID: AB_1549585 Rabbit Anti-GITRL Proteintech Cat# 23899-1-AP; RRID: AB_2879355 Rabbit Anti-GITR Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 37472T; RRID:AB_3094648 Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins Papain Worthington Cat# 38P18865 Anisomycin MedChemExpress Cat# HY-18982 Rapamycin MedChemExpress Cat# HY-10219 Torin1 MedChemExpress Cat# HY-13003 Recombinant Murine GITRL MedChemExpress Cat# HY-P7319 Critical commercial assays RNAprep Pure Micro Kit TIANGEN DP420 Deposited data Raw and analyzed data of bulk RNA-seq This paper GEO: GSE277980 Experimental models: Cell lines HEK293 Cell Line ATCC ATCC CRL-1573; RRID: CVCL_0045 Experimental models: Organisms/strains Mouse: Lag3 fl/ Shanghai Model Organisms Center N/A Mouse: Cx3cr1-Cre Jackson laboratory JAX: 025524 Oligonucleotides Primers for QPCR, see method details This paper N/A (Continued on next page) 18 Cell Reports 44, 116112, August 26, 2025 .. Cx3cr1-Cre mice (JAX stock # 025524: B6J.B6N(Cg)-Cx3cr1 tm1.1(cre)Jung /J), Cxcr1-GFP mice (JAX stock # 005582: B6.129P2(Cg)Cx3cr1 tm1Litt /J) and Cx3cr1-CreER mice (JAX stock # 021160) were obtained from the Jackson Laboratory.

RNA Sequencing:

Article Title: Microglia mediated by LAG3 regulate astrocyte morphogenesis in the brain white matter.
Article Snippet: .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies Goat Anti-IBA1 Abcam Cat# ab5076; RRID: AB_2224402 Rabbit Anti-IBA1 Wako Cat# 019-19741; RRID: AB_839504 Rabbit Anti-LAG3 Millipore Cat# MABF954; RRID: AB_3073509 Rat Anti-CD68 Bio-Rad Cat# MCA1957; RRID: AB_2335597 Rabbit Anti-CD68 Proteintech Cat# 28058-1-AP; RRID: AB_2881049 Rabbit Anti-CX3CR1 Abcam Cat# ab8021; RRID: AB_306203 Rabbit Anti-Ki67 Abcam Cat# ab15580; RRID: AB_443209 Rabbit Anti-GFAP Agilent Cat# Z0334; RRID: AB_10013382 Mouse Anti-GFAP Sigma Cat# G6171; RRID: AB_1840893 Mouse Anti-ALDH1L1 Abcam Cat# ab56777; RRID: AB_940204 Mouse Anti-ACSBG1 Novus Biologicals Cat# NBP2-02554; RRID: AB_3245453 Rabbit Anti-Olig2 Abcam Cat# ab109186; RRID: AB_10861310 Mouse Anti-L1CAM Abcam Cat# ab24345; RRID: AB_448025 Rabbit Anti-p-P38 MAPK Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 4511P; RRID: AB_2139682 Rabbit Anti-P38 MAPK Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 8690S; RRID: AB_10999090 Rabbit Anti-AKT Abmart Cat# T55561F; RRID: AB_2936969 Rabbit Anti-p-AKT Abmart Cat# T40067F; RRID: AB_2936953 Rabbit Anti-mTOR Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 2983T; RRID: AB_2105622 Rabbit Anti-p-mTOR Abmart Cat# T56571F; RRID: AB_2936395 Mouse Anti-β-Actin Proteintech Cat# 60008-1-Ig; RRID: AB_2289225 Rabbit Anti-β-Actin Proteintech Cat# 20536-1-AP; RRID: AB_10700003 Mouse Anti-Flag Sigma-Aldrich Cat# F1804; RRID: AB_262044 Rabbit Anti-HA Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 3724S; RRID: AB_1549585 Rabbit Anti-GITRL Proteintech Cat# 23899-1-AP; RRID: AB_2879355 Rabbit Anti-GITR Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 37472T; RRID:AB_3094648 Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins Papain Worthington Cat# 38P18865 Anisomycin MedChemExpress Cat# HY-18982 Rapamycin MedChemExpress Cat# HY-10219 Torin1 MedChemExpress Cat# HY-13003 Recombinant Murine GITRL MedChemExpress Cat# HY-P7319 Critical commercial assays RNAprep Pure Micro Kit TIANGEN DP420 Deposited data Raw and analyzed data of bulk RNA-seq This paper GEO: GSE277980 Experimental models: Cell lines HEK293 Cell Line ATCC ATCC CRL-1573; RRID: CVCL_0045 Experimental models: Organisms/strains Mouse: Lag3 fl/ Shanghai Model Organisms Center N/A Mouse: Cx3cr1-Cre Jackson laboratory JAX: 025524 Oligonucleotides Primers for QPCR, see method details This paper N/A (Continued on next page) 18 Cell Reports 44, 116112, August 26, 2025 .. Cx3cr1-Cre mice (JAX stock # 025524: B6J.B6N(Cg)-Cx3cr1 tm1.1(cre)Jung /J), Cxcr1-GFP mice (JAX stock # 005582: B6.129P2(Cg)Cx3cr1 tm1Litt /J) and Cx3cr1-CreER mice (JAX stock # 021160) were obtained from the Jackson Laboratory.

Immunofluorescence:

Article Title: GITR/GITRL reverse signalling modulates the proliferation of hepatic progenitor cells by recruiting ANXA2 to phosphorylate ERK1/2 and Akt.
Article Snippet: Sections were examined under a Nikon 50i fluorescence microscope (Nikon, Japan). .. For immunofluorescence analysis, the cultured cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and stained with GITRL antibodies (ProteinTech, Rosemont, IL) by standard immunofluorescence staining protocol without permeabilization. .. Images of 3D-SIM were acquired on the DeltaVision OMX V3 imaging system (Cytiva, GE Healthcare) with a ×100/1.40 NA oil objective (Olympus UPlanSApo), solid-state multimode lasers (488, 405 nm, 561 nm) and electron-multiplying CCD (charge-coupled device) cameras (Evolve 512 × 512, Photometrics).

Article Title: GITR/GITRL reverse signalling modulates the proliferation of hepatic progenitor cells by recruiting ANXA2 to phosphorylate ERK1/2 and Akt.
Article Snippet: Serial Z-stack sectioning was done at Cell Death and Disease (2022) 13:297 125 nm of intervals and tacks of SIM images were reconstructed using softWoRx 6.1.1 (Cytiva, GE Healthcare). .. For immune-colocalization analysis, the cultured cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized for standard intracellular immunofluorescence staining as described previously [54] to detect GITRL (ProteinTech) and ANXA2 (Cell Signaling Technology) by a Nikon A1 confocal microscope (Nikon). .. For flow cytometry analysis, the cultured cells were digested by trypsin and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for surface immunofluorescence staining without permeabilization to detect the expression of GITRL (ProteinTech) and GITR (Abcam, Cambridge, UK) or for standard intracellular immunofluorescence staining to detect the expression of ANXA2 (Cell Signaling Technology) by FACSCalibur flow cytometry (BD Biosciences) using CellQuest software (BD Biosciences) as described previously [51].

Cell Culture:

Article Title: GITR/GITRL reverse signalling modulates the proliferation of hepatic progenitor cells by recruiting ANXA2 to phosphorylate ERK1/2 and Akt.
Article Snippet: Sections were examined under a Nikon 50i fluorescence microscope (Nikon, Japan). .. For immunofluorescence analysis, the cultured cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and stained with GITRL antibodies (ProteinTech, Rosemont, IL) by standard immunofluorescence staining protocol without permeabilization. .. Images of 3D-SIM were acquired on the DeltaVision OMX V3 imaging system (Cytiva, GE Healthcare) with a ×100/1.40 NA oil objective (Olympus UPlanSApo), solid-state multimode lasers (488, 405 nm, 561 nm) and electron-multiplying CCD (charge-coupled device) cameras (Evolve 512 × 512, Photometrics).

Article Title: GITR/GITRL reverse signalling modulates the proliferation of hepatic progenitor cells by recruiting ANXA2 to phosphorylate ERK1/2 and Akt.
Article Snippet: Serial Z-stack sectioning was done at Cell Death and Disease (2022) 13:297 125 nm of intervals and tacks of SIM images were reconstructed using softWoRx 6.1.1 (Cytiva, GE Healthcare). .. For immune-colocalization analysis, the cultured cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized for standard intracellular immunofluorescence staining as described previously [54] to detect GITRL (ProteinTech) and ANXA2 (Cell Signaling Technology) by a Nikon A1 confocal microscope (Nikon). .. For flow cytometry analysis, the cultured cells were digested by trypsin and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for surface immunofluorescence staining without permeabilization to detect the expression of GITRL (ProteinTech) and GITR (Abcam, Cambridge, UK) or for standard intracellular immunofluorescence staining to detect the expression of ANXA2 (Cell Signaling Technology) by FACSCalibur flow cytometry (BD Biosciences) using CellQuest software (BD Biosciences) as described previously [51].

Staining:

Article Title: GITR/GITRL reverse signalling modulates the proliferation of hepatic progenitor cells by recruiting ANXA2 to phosphorylate ERK1/2 and Akt.
Article Snippet: Sections were examined under a Nikon 50i fluorescence microscope (Nikon, Japan). .. For immunofluorescence analysis, the cultured cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and stained with GITRL antibodies (ProteinTech, Rosemont, IL) by standard immunofluorescence staining protocol without permeabilization. .. Images of 3D-SIM were acquired on the DeltaVision OMX V3 imaging system (Cytiva, GE Healthcare) with a ×100/1.40 NA oil objective (Olympus UPlanSApo), solid-state multimode lasers (488, 405 nm, 561 nm) and electron-multiplying CCD (charge-coupled device) cameras (Evolve 512 × 512, Photometrics).

Article Title: GITR/GITRL reverse signalling modulates the proliferation of hepatic progenitor cells by recruiting ANXA2 to phosphorylate ERK1/2 and Akt.
Article Snippet: Serial Z-stack sectioning was done at Cell Death and Disease (2022) 13:297 125 nm of intervals and tacks of SIM images were reconstructed using softWoRx 6.1.1 (Cytiva, GE Healthcare). .. For immune-colocalization analysis, the cultured cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized for standard intracellular immunofluorescence staining as described previously [54] to detect GITRL (ProteinTech) and ANXA2 (Cell Signaling Technology) by a Nikon A1 confocal microscope (Nikon). .. For flow cytometry analysis, the cultured cells were digested by trypsin and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for surface immunofluorescence staining without permeabilization to detect the expression of GITRL (ProteinTech) and GITR (Abcam, Cambridge, UK) or for standard intracellular immunofluorescence staining to detect the expression of ANXA2 (Cell Signaling Technology) by FACSCalibur flow cytometry (BD Biosciences) using CellQuest software (BD Biosciences) as described previously [51].

Microscopy:

Article Title: GITR/GITRL reverse signalling modulates the proliferation of hepatic progenitor cells by recruiting ANXA2 to phosphorylate ERK1/2 and Akt.
Article Snippet: Serial Z-stack sectioning was done at Cell Death and Disease (2022) 13:297 125 nm of intervals and tacks of SIM images were reconstructed using softWoRx 6.1.1 (Cytiva, GE Healthcare). .. For immune-colocalization analysis, the cultured cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized for standard intracellular immunofluorescence staining as described previously [54] to detect GITRL (ProteinTech) and ANXA2 (Cell Signaling Technology) by a Nikon A1 confocal microscope (Nikon). .. For flow cytometry analysis, the cultured cells were digested by trypsin and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for surface immunofluorescence staining without permeabilization to detect the expression of GITRL (ProteinTech) and GITR (Abcam, Cambridge, UK) or for standard intracellular immunofluorescence staining to detect the expression of ANXA2 (Cell Signaling Technology) by FACSCalibur flow cytometry (BD Biosciences) using CellQuest software (BD Biosciences) as described previously [51].



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Characteristics of rRABV expressing <t>GitrL</t> in vitro. ( A ) Schematic diagrams for the construction of rLBNSE and rLBNSE-GitrL. The vector pLBNSE was derived from the SAD-B19 strain with pseudogene deletion. BsiW I and Nhe I were introduced between the G and L genes. N , P , M , G , and L represent RABV nucleoprotein, phosphoprotein, matrix, glycoprotein, and polymerase genes, respectively. ( B ) Amino acid sequence alignment of the GitrL gene, the red area indicates the amino acid sequence was consistent with the reference sequence of the GitrL gene. ( C ) Viral titers from the fourth passage to the tenth passage on BSR cells. ( D , E ) The virus titers of different rRABVs-infected cells with MOI = 0.01 and MOI = 5 were determined at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 dpi, respectively. On this basis, the multi-step growth curves ( D ) and one-step growth curves ( E ) of rLBNSE- and rLBNSE-GitrL-infected BSR cells were plotted. ( F , G ) Morphology and size of viral fluorescent spots formed by different rRABVs in BSR cells. ( H ) The expression level of GitrL in the supernatant of infected cells was detected by <t>ELISA.</t> ( I ) Cell viability of different rRABVs-infected cells with MOI = 0.01 at 1, 2, 3, and 4 dpi, respectively. The error bar represented the mean ± standard deviation (SD, n = 3). The following symbols are used to indicate significant differences between groups: ns, not significant.
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Image Search Results


Characteristics of rRABV expressing GitrL in vitro. ( A ) Schematic diagrams for the construction of rLBNSE and rLBNSE-GitrL. The vector pLBNSE was derived from the SAD-B19 strain with pseudogene deletion. BsiW I and Nhe I were introduced between the G and L genes. N , P , M , G , and L represent RABV nucleoprotein, phosphoprotein, matrix, glycoprotein, and polymerase genes, respectively. ( B ) Amino acid sequence alignment of the GitrL gene, the red area indicates the amino acid sequence was consistent with the reference sequence of the GitrL gene. ( C ) Viral titers from the fourth passage to the tenth passage on BSR cells. ( D , E ) The virus titers of different rRABVs-infected cells with MOI = 0.01 and MOI = 5 were determined at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 dpi, respectively. On this basis, the multi-step growth curves ( D ) and one-step growth curves ( E ) of rLBNSE- and rLBNSE-GitrL-infected BSR cells were plotted. ( F , G ) Morphology and size of viral fluorescent spots formed by different rRABVs in BSR cells. ( H ) The expression level of GitrL in the supernatant of infected cells was detected by ELISA. ( I ) Cell viability of different rRABVs-infected cells with MOI = 0.01 at 1, 2, 3, and 4 dpi, respectively. The error bar represented the mean ± standard deviation (SD, n = 3). The following symbols are used to indicate significant differences between groups: ns, not significant.

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Overexpression of GitrL in Recombinant Rabies Virus rLBNSE-GitrL Enhances Innate Immunity by Activating Dendritic Cells and Innate Immune-Related Pathways and Genes

doi: 10.3390/v17101354

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characteristics of rRABV expressing GitrL in vitro. ( A ) Schematic diagrams for the construction of rLBNSE and rLBNSE-GitrL. The vector pLBNSE was derived from the SAD-B19 strain with pseudogene deletion. BsiW I and Nhe I were introduced between the G and L genes. N , P , M , G , and L represent RABV nucleoprotein, phosphoprotein, matrix, glycoprotein, and polymerase genes, respectively. ( B ) Amino acid sequence alignment of the GitrL gene, the red area indicates the amino acid sequence was consistent with the reference sequence of the GitrL gene. ( C ) Viral titers from the fourth passage to the tenth passage on BSR cells. ( D , E ) The virus titers of different rRABVs-infected cells with MOI = 0.01 and MOI = 5 were determined at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 dpi, respectively. On this basis, the multi-step growth curves ( D ) and one-step growth curves ( E ) of rLBNSE- and rLBNSE-GitrL-infected BSR cells were plotted. ( F , G ) Morphology and size of viral fluorescent spots formed by different rRABVs in BSR cells. ( H ) The expression level of GitrL in the supernatant of infected cells was detected by ELISA. ( I ) Cell viability of different rRABVs-infected cells with MOI = 0.01 at 1, 2, 3, and 4 dpi, respectively. The error bar represented the mean ± standard deviation (SD, n = 3). The following symbols are used to indicate significant differences between groups: ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: The expression of GitrL in the supernatants of infected cells was quantified using a Mouse GitrL ELISA kit (RayBiotech, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA), following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Expressing, In Vitro, Plasmid Preparation, Derivative Assay, Sequencing, Virus, Infection, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Standard Deviation

The pathogenicity of rRABV expressing GitrL. ( A ) Body weight changes in female 6-week-old ICR mice (n = 7) infected with 5 × 10 6 FFU of rLBNSE, rLBNSE-GitrL, or DMEM via i.c. pathways. ( B ) Survival rate of 5-day-old mice (n = 18) i.c. injected with 100 FFU of the above rRABVs. ( C ) N mRNA levels, ( D ) vRNA levels, ( E ) GitrL mRNA levels in the infected BALB/c mouse brain (n = 6) were quantified using RT-qPCR. The error bar indicates the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). The following symbols are used to indicate significant differences between groups: *, p < 0.05; ns, not significant.

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Overexpression of GitrL in Recombinant Rabies Virus rLBNSE-GitrL Enhances Innate Immunity by Activating Dendritic Cells and Innate Immune-Related Pathways and Genes

doi: 10.3390/v17101354

Figure Lengend Snippet: The pathogenicity of rRABV expressing GitrL. ( A ) Body weight changes in female 6-week-old ICR mice (n = 7) infected with 5 × 10 6 FFU of rLBNSE, rLBNSE-GitrL, or DMEM via i.c. pathways. ( B ) Survival rate of 5-day-old mice (n = 18) i.c. injected with 100 FFU of the above rRABVs. ( C ) N mRNA levels, ( D ) vRNA levels, ( E ) GitrL mRNA levels in the infected BALB/c mouse brain (n = 6) were quantified using RT-qPCR. The error bar indicates the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). The following symbols are used to indicate significant differences between groups: *, p < 0.05; ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: The expression of GitrL in the supernatants of infected cells was quantified using a Mouse GitrL ELISA kit (RayBiotech, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA), following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Expressing, Infection, Injection, Quantitative RT-PCR

rLBNSE-GitrL promotes activation of DCs in vitro. ( A ) Isolation and cultivation of BMDCs. ( B ) DCs were cultured and stimulated with DMEM as the control group. ( C ) DCs were cultured and stimulated with rLBNSE. ( D ) DCs were cultured and stimulated with rLBNSE-GitrL. The white arrow indicated clustered DCs. ( E ) Gating strategies for the detection of the mature CD11C + CD80 + BMDCs, CD11C + CD86 + BMDCs, and CD11C + MHCII + BMDCs. ( F ) Representative flow cytometry plots of activated DCs. ( G ) Percentage of activated DCs (CD11C + CD80 + ) per 10 5 BMDCs after 24 h of incubation. ( H ) Percentage of activated DCs (CD11C + CD86 + ) per 10 5 bone BMDCs after 24 h of incubation. ( I ) Percentage of activated DCs (CD11C + MHCII + ) per 10 5 BMDCs after 24 h of incubation. ( J ) The expression level of IFN-α in the supernatant of activated DCs was detected by ELISA. ( K ) The expression level of IL-12p40 in the supernatant of activated DCs was detected by ELISA. The error bar represents the mean ± SD (n = 3). The following symbols are used to indicate significant differences between groups: *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ns, not significant.

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Overexpression of GitrL in Recombinant Rabies Virus rLBNSE-GitrL Enhances Innate Immunity by Activating Dendritic Cells and Innate Immune-Related Pathways and Genes

doi: 10.3390/v17101354

Figure Lengend Snippet: rLBNSE-GitrL promotes activation of DCs in vitro. ( A ) Isolation and cultivation of BMDCs. ( B ) DCs were cultured and stimulated with DMEM as the control group. ( C ) DCs were cultured and stimulated with rLBNSE. ( D ) DCs were cultured and stimulated with rLBNSE-GitrL. The white arrow indicated clustered DCs. ( E ) Gating strategies for the detection of the mature CD11C + CD80 + BMDCs, CD11C + CD86 + BMDCs, and CD11C + MHCII + BMDCs. ( F ) Representative flow cytometry plots of activated DCs. ( G ) Percentage of activated DCs (CD11C + CD80 + ) per 10 5 BMDCs after 24 h of incubation. ( H ) Percentage of activated DCs (CD11C + CD86 + ) per 10 5 bone BMDCs after 24 h of incubation. ( I ) Percentage of activated DCs (CD11C + MHCII + ) per 10 5 BMDCs after 24 h of incubation. ( J ) The expression level of IFN-α in the supernatant of activated DCs was detected by ELISA. ( K ) The expression level of IL-12p40 in the supernatant of activated DCs was detected by ELISA. The error bar represents the mean ± SD (n = 3). The following symbols are used to indicate significant differences between groups: *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: The expression of GitrL in the supernatants of infected cells was quantified using a Mouse GitrL ELISA kit (RayBiotech, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA), following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Activation Assay, In Vitro, Isolation, Cell Culture, Control, Flow Cytometry, Incubation, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

rLBNSE-GitrL increases the number of activated DCs in vivo. ( A ) Cell populations and gating strategies for DCs by flow cytometry within LNs. ( B ) Representative flow cytometry plots of activated DCs. ( C ) Total number of activated DCs (CD11C + CD80 + ) per 10 5 draining LNs cells at 3 and 6 dpi. ( D ) Total number of activated DCs (CD11C + CD86 + ) per 10 5 draining LNs cells at 3 and 6 dpi. ( E ) Total number of activated DCs (CD11C + MHCII + ) per 10 5 draining LNs cells at 3 and 6 dpi. The error bar indicates the mean ± SEM (n = 3). The following symbols are used to indicate significant differences between groups: *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Overexpression of GitrL in Recombinant Rabies Virus rLBNSE-GitrL Enhances Innate Immunity by Activating Dendritic Cells and Innate Immune-Related Pathways and Genes

doi: 10.3390/v17101354

Figure Lengend Snippet: rLBNSE-GitrL increases the number of activated DCs in vivo. ( A ) Cell populations and gating strategies for DCs by flow cytometry within LNs. ( B ) Representative flow cytometry plots of activated DCs. ( C ) Total number of activated DCs (CD11C + CD80 + ) per 10 5 draining LNs cells at 3 and 6 dpi. ( D ) Total number of activated DCs (CD11C + CD86 + ) per 10 5 draining LNs cells at 3 and 6 dpi. ( E ) Total number of activated DCs (CD11C + MHCII + ) per 10 5 draining LNs cells at 3 and 6 dpi. The error bar indicates the mean ± SEM (n = 3). The following symbols are used to indicate significant differences between groups: *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The expression of GitrL in the supernatants of infected cells was quantified using a Mouse GitrL ELISA kit (RayBiotech, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA), following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: In Vivo, Flow Cytometry

Transcriptome sequencing and differentially expressed gene analysis. ( A ) Comparative bar chart of differential genes. ( B ) Volcano plot of the differentially expressed genes between immunized mice of rLBNSE and rLBNSE-GitrL. ( C ) Gene expression heatmap. ( D ) Validation of the CXCL9. ( E ) Validation of the IL-6. ( F ) Validation of the IL-17d. ( G ) Validation of the MDP1. ( H ) Validation of the MMP2. ( I ) Validation of the STAT1. ( J ) Validation of the TIMP1. ( K ) Validation of the TNF-α. ( L ) Bar chart of KEGG enrichment pathway of the differentially expressed genes between rLBNSE and rLBNSE-GitrL. ( M ) KEGG enrichment pathway scatter plot of the difference expression genes between rLBNSE and rLBNSE-GitrL. The error bar indicates the mean ± SEM (n = 3). The following symbols are used to indicate significant differences between groups: *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Overexpression of GitrL in Recombinant Rabies Virus rLBNSE-GitrL Enhances Innate Immunity by Activating Dendritic Cells and Innate Immune-Related Pathways and Genes

doi: 10.3390/v17101354

Figure Lengend Snippet: Transcriptome sequencing and differentially expressed gene analysis. ( A ) Comparative bar chart of differential genes. ( B ) Volcano plot of the differentially expressed genes between immunized mice of rLBNSE and rLBNSE-GitrL. ( C ) Gene expression heatmap. ( D ) Validation of the CXCL9. ( E ) Validation of the IL-6. ( F ) Validation of the IL-17d. ( G ) Validation of the MDP1. ( H ) Validation of the MMP2. ( I ) Validation of the STAT1. ( J ) Validation of the TIMP1. ( K ) Validation of the TNF-α. ( L ) Bar chart of KEGG enrichment pathway of the differentially expressed genes between rLBNSE and rLBNSE-GitrL. ( M ) KEGG enrichment pathway scatter plot of the difference expression genes between rLBNSE and rLBNSE-GitrL. The error bar indicates the mean ± SEM (n = 3). The following symbols are used to indicate significant differences between groups: *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The expression of GitrL in the supernatants of infected cells was quantified using a Mouse GitrL ELISA kit (RayBiotech, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA), following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Sequencing, Gene Expression, Biomarker Discovery, Expressing

Overexpression of GitrL improves antibody response and protection against pathogenic RABV challenge. ICR mice (n = 10) were i.m. vaccinated with 100 µL volume containing 10 6 FFU rLBNSE or rLBNSE-GitrL, or an equivalent amount of DMEM (as mock). Serum samples were collected at 3 and 6 dpi, and VNA titers ( A ) and GMT ( B ) were measured by FAVN assay. ( C , D ) The OD values of RABV G-specific IgG ( C ) and IgM ( D ) in the serum of immunized mice were determined by ELISA. ( E ) At 3 dpi, groups of immunized ICR mice (n = 15) were challenged with 50 LD50 of CVS-24 via i.c. route, and then monitored for another 20 days, and survivorship was recorded. The error bar indicates the mean ± SEM. The following symbols were used to indicate significant differences between groups: **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Overexpression of GitrL in Recombinant Rabies Virus rLBNSE-GitrL Enhances Innate Immunity by Activating Dendritic Cells and Innate Immune-Related Pathways and Genes

doi: 10.3390/v17101354

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overexpression of GitrL improves antibody response and protection against pathogenic RABV challenge. ICR mice (n = 10) were i.m. vaccinated with 100 µL volume containing 10 6 FFU rLBNSE or rLBNSE-GitrL, or an equivalent amount of DMEM (as mock). Serum samples were collected at 3 and 6 dpi, and VNA titers ( A ) and GMT ( B ) were measured by FAVN assay. ( C , D ) The OD values of RABV G-specific IgG ( C ) and IgM ( D ) in the serum of immunized mice were determined by ELISA. ( E ) At 3 dpi, groups of immunized ICR mice (n = 15) were challenged with 50 LD50 of CVS-24 via i.c. route, and then monitored for another 20 days, and survivorship was recorded. The error bar indicates the mean ± SEM. The following symbols were used to indicate significant differences between groups: **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The expression of GitrL in the supernatants of infected cells was quantified using a Mouse GitrL ELISA kit (RayBiotech, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA), following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Over Expression, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay