genmark eplex platform  (GenMark Diagnostics)

Journal: FEMS Microbiology Reviews

Article Title: Fungi-on-a-Chip: microfluidic platforms for single-cell studies on fungi

doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuac039

Figure Lengend Snippet: Examples of applications of microfluidic immobilization of yeast cells by in situ immobilization and affinity binding. (A) Device for studying pheromone chemotropism in α- and A-yeast cells. Cells are trapped in alginate gel and subjected to asymmetric pheromone conditions. Image reproduced with modifications from Vo et al. with permission from AIP Publishing (Licence Number: 5271490260805). (B) Y-device, coated with concanavalin A (Con A) to help α-cells adhere to the channel. A gradient of α-factor was created, followed with the aid of Dextran-3000-TRITC as a tracking dye. Cells in five different areas, A–E, were imaged. Image reproduced with modifications from Moore et al. with permission from the Creative Commons Attribution license ( www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ). (C) Example of five-channel device with computer-controlled 3-way valves to subject Con A-immobilized yeast cells to pulsed treatments with the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor 1-NM-PP1. A 63X microscope objective was used to monitor Msn2-mCherry translocation dynamics and gene expression in single cells. Image reproduced with modifications from Hansen and O’Shea with permission from John Wiley and Sons (Licence Number: 5271490732299).

Article Snippet: The ePlex digital microfluidics platform by GenMark Dx combines on-chip PCR and DNA-hybridization-based probing with electrowetting (Choi et al. ) as the means to control the sample transportation and processing to detect fungal pathogens from whole blood samples (GenMark Dx ).

Techniques: In Situ, Binding Assay, Microscopy, Translocation Assay, Gene Expression

Journal: FEMS Microbiology Reviews

Article Title: Fungi-on-a-Chip: microfluidic platforms for single-cell studies on fungi

doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuac039

Figure Lengend Snippet: Exemplar applications of microfluidic immobilization of yeast cells by compartmentalization into microcolonies and active, pressure-based trapping. (A) Schematic illustration of a device having eight independently addressable rows each containing 15 microchemostats, highlighting the high degree of parallelization. Yeast microcolonies (here S. pombe ) can be imaged and studied in parallel as well as subjected to different media conditions. The bright-field image shows three microchambers filled to confluence with yeast cells. Image reproduced with modifications from Nobs and Maerkl with permission from the Creative Commons Attribution license ( www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ). (B) Microfluidic platform for trapping single yeast cells (here S. cerevisiae ) under pressure-based expandable micropads (30 × 15 µm), used to study cell ageing. During cell loading, the micropads are slightly lifted due to the hydrodynamic pressure created by the flow. Upon release of pressure, the micropads resume their original height, thus trapping cells. Smaller daughter cells budding off from the mother cells are automatically washed away during dynamic cultivation with a slow constant flow. Microscope image showing some yeast cells (mother cells) trapped underneath the micropads and some smaller cells (daughter cells) being flushed out. Image reproduced with modifications from Lee et al. with permission from National Academy of Sciences. Scale bars represent 20 µm.

Article Snippet: The ePlex digital microfluidics platform by GenMark Dx combines on-chip PCR and DNA-hybridization-based probing with electrowetting (Choi et al. ) as the means to control the sample transportation and processing to detect fungal pathogens from whole blood samples (GenMark Dx ).

Techniques: Microscopy

Journal: FEMS Microbiology Reviews

Article Title: Fungi-on-a-Chip: microfluidic platforms for single-cell studies on fungi

doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuac039

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overview of channel features used to trap single yeast cells. The above schematic depicts a cross-section taken through a microfluidic channel containing yeast traps, as well as top-down views of four different trap designs (A)–(D). Electron micrographs of semicircular (A) and square (B) three-pillar trap designs reproduced with modifications from Ryley and Pereira-Smith with permission from John Wiley and Sons (Licence Number: 5271491246941). (C) Microscopy image of an oval two-pillar trap design reproduced with modifications from Crane et al. with permission from the Creative Commons Attribution license ( www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ). (D) Microscopy image showing a channel-based trap design reproduced with modifications from Rowat et al. with permission from National Academy of Sciences. Scale bars represent 5 µm.

Article Snippet: The ePlex digital microfluidics platform by GenMark Dx combines on-chip PCR and DNA-hybridization-based probing with electrowetting (Choi et al. ) as the means to control the sample transportation and processing to detect fungal pathogens from whole blood samples (GenMark Dx ).

Techniques: Microscopy

Journal: FEMS Microbiology Reviews

Article Title: Fungi-on-a-Chip: microfluidic platforms for single-cell studies on fungi

doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuac039

Figure Lengend Snippet: Single-cell trapping of yeast cells using on-chip valve and slipstream techniques. (A) The microfluidic trapping device allows a valve-controlled two mode operation, a dynamic growth study, as well as end point/time point analysis of lysed cells. Image reproduced with modifications from Stratz et al. with permission from John Wiley and Sons (Licence Number: 5271500367493). (B) A microdevice for contactless trapping utilizing the slipstream effect. Image reproduced with modifications from Duran et al. with permission from the Creative Commons Attribution license ( www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ).

Article Snippet: The ePlex digital microfluidics platform by GenMark Dx combines on-chip PCR and DNA-hybridization-based probing with electrowetting (Choi et al. ) as the means to control the sample transportation and processing to detect fungal pathogens from whole blood samples (GenMark Dx ).

Techniques:

Journal: FEMS Microbiology Reviews

Article Title: Fungi-on-a-Chip: microfluidic platforms for single-cell studies on fungi

doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuac039

Figure Lengend Snippet: Droplet-based microfluidic methods. Schematics illustrating droplet generation using (A) flow focussing or (B) T-junction techniques. (C) Image showing the principle of fluorescence-activated droplet sorting as described in Wang et al. , which was used to sort yeast genotypes with high amylase activity from a randomized library. Image reproduced with modifications from Wang et al. with permission from the National Academy of Sciences.

Article Snippet: The ePlex digital microfluidics platform by GenMark Dx combines on-chip PCR and DNA-hybridization-based probing with electrowetting (Choi et al. ) as the means to control the sample transportation and processing to detect fungal pathogens from whole blood samples (GenMark Dx ).

Techniques: Fluorescence, Activity Assay

Journal: FEMS Microbiology Reviews

Article Title: Fungi-on-a-Chip: microfluidic platforms for single-cell studies on fungi

doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuac039

Figure Lengend Snippet: Microfluidic platforms for the study of fungal behaviour in artificial microenvironments mimicking aspects of the natural habitat. (A) Device used to study the behaviour of filamentous fungi upon facing special confinement on a subcellular level. Scale bar represents 20 µm. (B) Microdevice for studying space searching strategies in different fungal species. Scale bars represent 100 µm. (C) Microchip used to investigate chemotropism and uptake of lipophilic molecules (e.g. benzo[a]pyrene, BaP) by filamentous fungi. Image reproduced with modifications from Baranger et al. with permission from Elsevier (Licence Number: 5271511231788). (D) Microfluidic platform simulating several aspects of soil communities, featuring different channel designs filled with soil particles, soil bacteria, microfauna, and filamentous fungi, as well as being saturated with water or with air. Scale bars represent 20 µm. Images in (A), (B), and (D) reproduced with modifications from Fukuda et al. , Hopke et al. , and Mafla-Endara et al. , respectively, with permission from the Creative Commons Attribution licence ( www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ).

Article Snippet: The ePlex digital microfluidics platform by GenMark Dx combines on-chip PCR and DNA-hybridization-based probing with electrowetting (Choi et al. ) as the means to control the sample transportation and processing to detect fungal pathogens from whole blood samples (GenMark Dx ).

Techniques: MicroChIP Assay, Bacteria