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    Structured Review

    Santa Cruz Biotechnology sequence
    Sequence, supplied by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 859 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/control+shrna+sequence/Control+shRNA+Plasmid-A/pm41482108-66-7-9
    Average 96 stars, based on 859 article reviews
    sequence - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    96/100 stars

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    Related Articles

    shRNA:

    Article Title: Deciphering the role of SIRT6 in suppressing the AMPK-mTOR-TFEB axis: regulation of autophagy activation in HCC.
    Article Snippet: Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), belong to the NAD-dependent class III protein deacetylase family, is implicated in cancer development through a multifaceted role.. While it has been identified with both tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting roles in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), there remains considerable debate regarding its exact function.. The specific molecular mechanisms driving its tumor-suppressive effects in HCC remains poorly understood.

    Article Title: HIV-1 gp120-induced lysosomal stress responses are controlled by TRPML1 redox sensors
    Article Snippet: .. U87MG cells were transfected with either TRPML1 shRNA plasmid (Santa Cruz, Sc-44519) or control shRNA plasmid (Sc-108060) using Jet prime reagent as per manufacturer’s instructions. .. After 36 h, cells were selected in puromycin (20 μg/mL; Invitrogen) for 1 week to generate stable knockdown lines.

    Article Title: TREM1-NLRP3-driven pyroptosis in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) with parallel autophagy changes.
    Article Snippet: .. For the depletion of TREM-1, TREM-1 siRNA (Cat# sc-42999, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA), control shRNA plasmid (Cat# sc108060, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA), TREM-1 cDNA ORF clone (Cat# HG10511-UT, Sino Bio, Shanghai, China), and negative control vector (Cat# CV011, Sino Bio, Shanghai, China) were transfected into HK-2 cells using Lipofectamine 3000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts) [16]. .. Cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli O111:B4 (Sigma-Aldrich, L2630, phenol-extracted) at 100 ng/mL for the indicated times.

    Article Title: FTO-Mediated m6A Demethylation of MZF1 Regulates DECR1 to Promote Fatty Acid Oxidation and Exacerbate Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury : FTO-Mediated m6A Demethylation of MZF1 Enhances Fatty Acid Oxidation and Aggravates Myocardial I/R Injury.
    Article Snippet: Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a major clinical challenge, marked by metabolic disruptions and cellular damage following the restoration of blood flow after ischemia.. During ischemia, the heart shifts from fatty acid metabolism to glucose metabolism, leading to metabolic abnormalities, including reduced intracellular pH, ion disturbances, cell swelling, and apoptosis.. Upon reperfusion, fatty acid β-oxidation resumes, becoming the dominant energy source, which induces excessive oxidative stress and aggravates myocardial injury.

    Article Title: Dysregulation of a novel autophagosome-mitochondria contact contributes to autophagy dysfunction and neurodegeneration in tauopathy
    Article Snippet: .. Sources of antibodies or reagents are as follows: polyclonal antibodies against LC3 (Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 2775), AMPKα (Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 2532), p62/SQSTM1 (Abnova, Cat# H00008878-M01), NeuN (Millipore/Sigma, Cat# ABN78), TBC1D15 (Abcam, Cat# ab121396), Tau5 (DAKO, Cat# A0024), and synaptophysin/SYP (Abcam, Cat# ab32127); monoclonal antibodies against phospho-AMPKα (Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 2535), AT8 (ThermoFisher Scientific, Cat# MN1020), syntaxin 1/STX1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Cat# sc-12736), Rab7 (Sigma, Cat# R8779), GAPDH (Sigma, Cat# CB1001), TOM20 (Abcam, Cat# ab186734), mCherry (Takara, Cat# 632543), and Alexa fluor 488- (Cat# A-11017; Cat# A-11070), 546- (Cat# A-11018; Cat# A-11071), and 647- (Cat# A-21237; Cat# A-21246) conjugated secondary antibodies (Invitrogen); 10-NCP (VWR, Cat# 80017-188), trehalose (Cat# T0167), cycloheximide (Cat# 01810), rotenone (Cat# 557368), antimycin A (Cat# 1397-94-0), AICAR (Cat# A9978), CC (Cat# 171264), epoxomicin (Cat# 324800), CID 1067700 (Cat# SML0545), DMSO (Cat# D2650), and Sarkosyl (Cat# L9150) (Sigma); TBC1D15 shRNA (Cat# sc-154093-SH), Fis1 shRNA (Cat# sc-60644-SH), and control shRNA (Cat# sc-108060) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology); MitoView TM Green (Cat# 70054) (biotium); LentiBrite RFP-LC3 Lentiviral Biosensor (Cat# 17-10143) (Sigma). .. The constructs encoding GFP-LC3, DsRed-Mito, and mRFP-LC3 were prepared as we previously described ( , , , ). mCherry-TBC1D15 and mCherry-TBC1D15 D397A were from Vector Biolabs.

    Article Title: Nuclear PD-L1 regulates YAP-driven transcription via the PGE 2 -EP4-YAP-importin α3 axis in solid tumors.
    Article Snippet: .. Transfection of small interfering RNA (siRNA) or short hairpin RNA (shRNA) Transfection of an siRNA targeting either PD-L1 (ON-TARGETplus siRNA for CD274) (L-015836-01-0010, Horizon Discovery, USA) or importin-α3 (ON-TARGETplus siRNA for KPNA4) (L-017477-00-0010, Horizon Discovery, USA) or importin-β1 (ON-TARGETplus siRNA for KPNB1) (L-017523-00-0010, Horizon Discovery, USA) or TAZ (ON-TARGETplus siRNA for WWTR1) (L-016083-00-0010, Horizon Discovery, USA) was performed as described previously.37 The shRNA targeting YAP (sc-38637-SH, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA) or the nontargeted shCTRL (sc-108060, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA) was transfected into RKO or MDA-MB231 cells using Lipofectamine 2000 or RNAi MAX according to a previously reported protocol.36 .. Cell lysates were prepared using RIPA lysis buffer (89900, Thermo Fisher Scientific, UK),35 and the protein concentration was estimated via the Bradford method.

    Article Title: Obestatin Treatment Counteracts Muscle Wasting by Reactivation of Autophagy in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
    Article Snippet: To knockdown NEDD4, AMPKα or USP10 expression, siRNA specifically targeting human NEDD4‐L (sc‐75894; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, USA), AMPKα (sc‐45312; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), or USP10 (sc‐76811; Santa Cruz Biotechnology) was used. siRNA duplexes targeting preproghrelin or c‐Src were selected from ON‐TARGET plus SMARTpool siRNA from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Dharmacon, CO, USA). shRNA‐mediated gene silencing was used for ULK1 knockdown (sc‐44182‐SH; Santa Cruz Biotechnology) in DMD cells. .. An ON‐TARGETplus nontargeting siRNA (Dharmacon) or control nontargeting shRNA plasmid (sc‐108060; Santa Cruz Biotechnology) was used as a control for siRNA or shRNA experiments. .. Cells were transfected with Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen) following the manufacturer's instructions.

    Article Title: Involvement of SWAP-70 in proteolipid protein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
    Article Snippet: To silence the SWAP-70 gene, a lentiviral particle carrying shRNA (sc-153963-V, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA) was purchased. .. A nontargeting scrambled shRNA (Plasmid-A sc-108060, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA) was selected as a control. ..

    Plasmid Preparation:

    Article Title: Deciphering the role of SIRT6 in suppressing the AMPK-mTOR-TFEB axis: regulation of autophagy activation in HCC.
    Article Snippet: Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), belong to the NAD-dependent class III protein deacetylase family, is implicated in cancer development through a multifaceted role.. While it has been identified with both tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting roles in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), there remains considerable debate regarding its exact function.. The specific molecular mechanisms driving its tumor-suppressive effects in HCC remains poorly understood.

    Article Title: HIV-1 gp120-induced lysosomal stress responses are controlled by TRPML1 redox sensors
    Article Snippet: .. U87MG cells were transfected with either TRPML1 shRNA plasmid (Santa Cruz, Sc-44519) or control shRNA plasmid (Sc-108060) using Jet prime reagent as per manufacturer’s instructions. .. After 36 h, cells were selected in puromycin (20 μg/mL; Invitrogen) for 1 week to generate stable knockdown lines.

    Article Title: TREM1-NLRP3-driven pyroptosis in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) with parallel autophagy changes.
    Article Snippet: .. For the depletion of TREM-1, TREM-1 siRNA (Cat# sc-42999, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA), control shRNA plasmid (Cat# sc108060, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA), TREM-1 cDNA ORF clone (Cat# HG10511-UT, Sino Bio, Shanghai, China), and negative control vector (Cat# CV011, Sino Bio, Shanghai, China) were transfected into HK-2 cells using Lipofectamine 3000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts) [16]. .. Cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli O111:B4 (Sigma-Aldrich, L2630, phenol-extracted) at 100 ng/mL for the indicated times.

    Article Title: Obestatin Treatment Counteracts Muscle Wasting by Reactivation of Autophagy in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
    Article Snippet: To knockdown NEDD4, AMPKα or USP10 expression, siRNA specifically targeting human NEDD4‐L (sc‐75894; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, USA), AMPKα (sc‐45312; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), or USP10 (sc‐76811; Santa Cruz Biotechnology) was used. siRNA duplexes targeting preproghrelin or c‐Src were selected from ON‐TARGET plus SMARTpool siRNA from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Dharmacon, CO, USA). shRNA‐mediated gene silencing was used for ULK1 knockdown (sc‐44182‐SH; Santa Cruz Biotechnology) in DMD cells. .. An ON‐TARGETplus nontargeting siRNA (Dharmacon) or control nontargeting shRNA plasmid (sc‐108060; Santa Cruz Biotechnology) was used as a control for siRNA or shRNA experiments. .. Cells were transfected with Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen) following the manufacturer's instructions.

    Article Title: Involvement of SWAP-70 in proteolipid protein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
    Article Snippet: To silence the SWAP-70 gene, a lentiviral particle carrying shRNA (sc-153963-V, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA) was purchased. .. A nontargeting scrambled shRNA (Plasmid-A sc-108060, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA) was selected as a control. ..

    Transfection:

    Article Title: Deciphering the role of SIRT6 in suppressing the AMPK-mTOR-TFEB axis: regulation of autophagy activation in HCC.
    Article Snippet: Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), belong to the NAD-dependent class III protein deacetylase family, is implicated in cancer development through a multifaceted role.. While it has been identified with both tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting roles in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), there remains considerable debate regarding its exact function.. The specific molecular mechanisms driving its tumor-suppressive effects in HCC remains poorly understood.

    Article Title: HIV-1 gp120-induced lysosomal stress responses are controlled by TRPML1 redox sensors
    Article Snippet: .. U87MG cells were transfected with either TRPML1 shRNA plasmid (Santa Cruz, Sc-44519) or control shRNA plasmid (Sc-108060) using Jet prime reagent as per manufacturer’s instructions. .. After 36 h, cells were selected in puromycin (20 μg/mL; Invitrogen) for 1 week to generate stable knockdown lines.

    Article Title: TREM1-NLRP3-driven pyroptosis in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) with parallel autophagy changes.
    Article Snippet: .. For the depletion of TREM-1, TREM-1 siRNA (Cat# sc-42999, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA), control shRNA plasmid (Cat# sc108060, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA), TREM-1 cDNA ORF clone (Cat# HG10511-UT, Sino Bio, Shanghai, China), and negative control vector (Cat# CV011, Sino Bio, Shanghai, China) were transfected into HK-2 cells using Lipofectamine 3000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts) [16]. .. Cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli O111:B4 (Sigma-Aldrich, L2630, phenol-extracted) at 100 ng/mL for the indicated times.

    Article Title: FTO-Mediated m6A Demethylation of MZF1 Regulates DECR1 to Promote Fatty Acid Oxidation and Exacerbate Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury : FTO-Mediated m6A Demethylation of MZF1 Enhances Fatty Acid Oxidation and Aggravates Myocardial I/R Injury.
    Article Snippet: Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a major clinical challenge, marked by metabolic disruptions and cellular damage following the restoration of blood flow after ischemia.. During ischemia, the heart shifts from fatty acid metabolism to glucose metabolism, leading to metabolic abnormalities, including reduced intracellular pH, ion disturbances, cell swelling, and apoptosis.. Upon reperfusion, fatty acid β-oxidation resumes, becoming the dominant energy source, which induces excessive oxidative stress and aggravates myocardial injury.

    Article Title: Nuclear PD-L1 regulates YAP-driven transcription via the PGE 2 -EP4-YAP-importin α3 axis in solid tumors.
    Article Snippet: .. Transfection of small interfering RNA (siRNA) or short hairpin RNA (shRNA) Transfection of an siRNA targeting either PD-L1 (ON-TARGETplus siRNA for CD274) (L-015836-01-0010, Horizon Discovery, USA) or importin-α3 (ON-TARGETplus siRNA for KPNA4) (L-017477-00-0010, Horizon Discovery, USA) or importin-β1 (ON-TARGETplus siRNA for KPNB1) (L-017523-00-0010, Horizon Discovery, USA) or TAZ (ON-TARGETplus siRNA for WWTR1) (L-016083-00-0010, Horizon Discovery, USA) was performed as described previously.37 The shRNA targeting YAP (sc-38637-SH, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA) or the nontargeted shCTRL (sc-108060, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA) was transfected into RKO or MDA-MB231 cells using Lipofectamine 2000 or RNAi MAX according to a previously reported protocol.36 .. Cell lysates were prepared using RIPA lysis buffer (89900, Thermo Fisher Scientific, UK),35 and the protein concentration was estimated via the Bradford method.

    Control:

    Article Title: Deciphering the role of SIRT6 in suppressing the AMPK-mTOR-TFEB axis: regulation of autophagy activation in HCC.
    Article Snippet: Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), belong to the NAD-dependent class III protein deacetylase family, is implicated in cancer development through a multifaceted role.. While it has been identified with both tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting roles in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), there remains considerable debate regarding its exact function.. The specific molecular mechanisms driving its tumor-suppressive effects in HCC remains poorly understood.

    Article Title: HIV-1 gp120-induced lysosomal stress responses are controlled by TRPML1 redox sensors
    Article Snippet: .. U87MG cells were transfected with either TRPML1 shRNA plasmid (Santa Cruz, Sc-44519) or control shRNA plasmid (Sc-108060) using Jet prime reagent as per manufacturer’s instructions. .. After 36 h, cells were selected in puromycin (20 μg/mL; Invitrogen) for 1 week to generate stable knockdown lines.

    Article Title: TREM1-NLRP3-driven pyroptosis in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) with parallel autophagy changes.
    Article Snippet: .. For the depletion of TREM-1, TREM-1 siRNA (Cat# sc-42999, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA), control shRNA plasmid (Cat# sc108060, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA), TREM-1 cDNA ORF clone (Cat# HG10511-UT, Sino Bio, Shanghai, China), and negative control vector (Cat# CV011, Sino Bio, Shanghai, China) were transfected into HK-2 cells using Lipofectamine 3000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts) [16]. .. Cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli O111:B4 (Sigma-Aldrich, L2630, phenol-extracted) at 100 ng/mL for the indicated times.

    Article Title: FTO-Mediated m6A Demethylation of MZF1 Regulates DECR1 to Promote Fatty Acid Oxidation and Exacerbate Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury : FTO-Mediated m6A Demethylation of MZF1 Enhances Fatty Acid Oxidation and Aggravates Myocardial I/R Injury.
    Article Snippet: Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a major clinical challenge, marked by metabolic disruptions and cellular damage following the restoration of blood flow after ischemia.. During ischemia, the heart shifts from fatty acid metabolism to glucose metabolism, leading to metabolic abnormalities, including reduced intracellular pH, ion disturbances, cell swelling, and apoptosis.. Upon reperfusion, fatty acid β-oxidation resumes, becoming the dominant energy source, which induces excessive oxidative stress and aggravates myocardial injury.

    Article Title: Dysregulation of a novel autophagosome-mitochondria contact contributes to autophagy dysfunction and neurodegeneration in tauopathy
    Article Snippet: .. Sources of antibodies or reagents are as follows: polyclonal antibodies against LC3 (Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 2775), AMPKα (Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 2532), p62/SQSTM1 (Abnova, Cat# H00008878-M01), NeuN (Millipore/Sigma, Cat# ABN78), TBC1D15 (Abcam, Cat# ab121396), Tau5 (DAKO, Cat# A0024), and synaptophysin/SYP (Abcam, Cat# ab32127); monoclonal antibodies against phospho-AMPKα (Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 2535), AT8 (ThermoFisher Scientific, Cat# MN1020), syntaxin 1/STX1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Cat# sc-12736), Rab7 (Sigma, Cat# R8779), GAPDH (Sigma, Cat# CB1001), TOM20 (Abcam, Cat# ab186734), mCherry (Takara, Cat# 632543), and Alexa fluor 488- (Cat# A-11017; Cat# A-11070), 546- (Cat# A-11018; Cat# A-11071), and 647- (Cat# A-21237; Cat# A-21246) conjugated secondary antibodies (Invitrogen); 10-NCP (VWR, Cat# 80017-188), trehalose (Cat# T0167), cycloheximide (Cat# 01810), rotenone (Cat# 557368), antimycin A (Cat# 1397-94-0), AICAR (Cat# A9978), CC (Cat# 171264), epoxomicin (Cat# 324800), CID 1067700 (Cat# SML0545), DMSO (Cat# D2650), and Sarkosyl (Cat# L9150) (Sigma); TBC1D15 shRNA (Cat# sc-154093-SH), Fis1 shRNA (Cat# sc-60644-SH), and control shRNA (Cat# sc-108060) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology); MitoView TM Green (Cat# 70054) (biotium); LentiBrite RFP-LC3 Lentiviral Biosensor (Cat# 17-10143) (Sigma). .. The constructs encoding GFP-LC3, DsRed-Mito, and mRFP-LC3 were prepared as we previously described ( , , , ). mCherry-TBC1D15 and mCherry-TBC1D15 D397A were from Vector Biolabs.

    Article Title: Obestatin Treatment Counteracts Muscle Wasting by Reactivation of Autophagy in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
    Article Snippet: To knockdown NEDD4, AMPKα or USP10 expression, siRNA specifically targeting human NEDD4‐L (sc‐75894; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, USA), AMPKα (sc‐45312; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), or USP10 (sc‐76811; Santa Cruz Biotechnology) was used. siRNA duplexes targeting preproghrelin or c‐Src were selected from ON‐TARGET plus SMARTpool siRNA from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Dharmacon, CO, USA). shRNA‐mediated gene silencing was used for ULK1 knockdown (sc‐44182‐SH; Santa Cruz Biotechnology) in DMD cells. .. An ON‐TARGETplus nontargeting siRNA (Dharmacon) or control nontargeting shRNA plasmid (sc‐108060; Santa Cruz Biotechnology) was used as a control for siRNA or shRNA experiments. .. Cells were transfected with Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen) following the manufacturer's instructions.

    Article Title: Involvement of SWAP-70 in proteolipid protein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
    Article Snippet: To silence the SWAP-70 gene, a lentiviral particle carrying shRNA (sc-153963-V, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA) was purchased. .. A nontargeting scrambled shRNA (Plasmid-A sc-108060, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA) was selected as a control. ..

    Negative Control:

    Article Title: TREM1-NLRP3-driven pyroptosis in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) with parallel autophagy changes.
    Article Snippet: .. For the depletion of TREM-1, TREM-1 siRNA (Cat# sc-42999, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA), control shRNA plasmid (Cat# sc108060, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA), TREM-1 cDNA ORF clone (Cat# HG10511-UT, Sino Bio, Shanghai, China), and negative control vector (Cat# CV011, Sino Bio, Shanghai, China) were transfected into HK-2 cells using Lipofectamine 3000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts) [16]. .. Cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli O111:B4 (Sigma-Aldrich, L2630, phenol-extracted) at 100 ng/mL for the indicated times.

    Bioprocessing:

    Article Title: Dysregulation of a novel autophagosome-mitochondria contact contributes to autophagy dysfunction and neurodegeneration in tauopathy
    Article Snippet: .. Sources of antibodies or reagents are as follows: polyclonal antibodies against LC3 (Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 2775), AMPKα (Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 2532), p62/SQSTM1 (Abnova, Cat# H00008878-M01), NeuN (Millipore/Sigma, Cat# ABN78), TBC1D15 (Abcam, Cat# ab121396), Tau5 (DAKO, Cat# A0024), and synaptophysin/SYP (Abcam, Cat# ab32127); monoclonal antibodies against phospho-AMPKα (Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 2535), AT8 (ThermoFisher Scientific, Cat# MN1020), syntaxin 1/STX1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Cat# sc-12736), Rab7 (Sigma, Cat# R8779), GAPDH (Sigma, Cat# CB1001), TOM20 (Abcam, Cat# ab186734), mCherry (Takara, Cat# 632543), and Alexa fluor 488- (Cat# A-11017; Cat# A-11070), 546- (Cat# A-11018; Cat# A-11071), and 647- (Cat# A-21237; Cat# A-21246) conjugated secondary antibodies (Invitrogen); 10-NCP (VWR, Cat# 80017-188), trehalose (Cat# T0167), cycloheximide (Cat# 01810), rotenone (Cat# 557368), antimycin A (Cat# 1397-94-0), AICAR (Cat# A9978), CC (Cat# 171264), epoxomicin (Cat# 324800), CID 1067700 (Cat# SML0545), DMSO (Cat# D2650), and Sarkosyl (Cat# L9150) (Sigma); TBC1D15 shRNA (Cat# sc-154093-SH), Fis1 shRNA (Cat# sc-60644-SH), and control shRNA (Cat# sc-108060) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology); MitoView TM Green (Cat# 70054) (biotium); LentiBrite RFP-LC3 Lentiviral Biosensor (Cat# 17-10143) (Sigma). .. The constructs encoding GFP-LC3, DsRed-Mito, and mRFP-LC3 were prepared as we previously described ( , , , ). mCherry-TBC1D15 and mCherry-TBC1D15 D397A were from Vector Biolabs.

    Small Interfering RNA:

    Article Title: Nuclear PD-L1 regulates YAP-driven transcription via the PGE 2 -EP4-YAP-importin α3 axis in solid tumors.
    Article Snippet: .. Transfection of small interfering RNA (siRNA) or short hairpin RNA (shRNA) Transfection of an siRNA targeting either PD-L1 (ON-TARGETplus siRNA for CD274) (L-015836-01-0010, Horizon Discovery, USA) or importin-α3 (ON-TARGETplus siRNA for KPNA4) (L-017477-00-0010, Horizon Discovery, USA) or importin-β1 (ON-TARGETplus siRNA for KPNB1) (L-017523-00-0010, Horizon Discovery, USA) or TAZ (ON-TARGETplus siRNA for WWTR1) (L-016083-00-0010, Horizon Discovery, USA) was performed as described previously.37 The shRNA targeting YAP (sc-38637-SH, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA) or the nontargeted shCTRL (sc-108060, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA) was transfected into RKO or MDA-MB231 cells using Lipofectamine 2000 or RNAi MAX according to a previously reported protocol.36 .. Cell lysates were prepared using RIPA lysis buffer (89900, Thermo Fisher Scientific, UK),35 and the protein concentration was estimated via the Bradford method.

    Multiple Displacement Amplification:

    Article Title: Nuclear PD-L1 regulates YAP-driven transcription via the PGE 2 -EP4-YAP-importin α3 axis in solid tumors.
    Article Snippet: .. Transfection of small interfering RNA (siRNA) or short hairpin RNA (shRNA) Transfection of an siRNA targeting either PD-L1 (ON-TARGETplus siRNA for CD274) (L-015836-01-0010, Horizon Discovery, USA) or importin-α3 (ON-TARGETplus siRNA for KPNA4) (L-017477-00-0010, Horizon Discovery, USA) or importin-β1 (ON-TARGETplus siRNA for KPNB1) (L-017523-00-0010, Horizon Discovery, USA) or TAZ (ON-TARGETplus siRNA for WWTR1) (L-016083-00-0010, Horizon Discovery, USA) was performed as described previously.37 The shRNA targeting YAP (sc-38637-SH, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA) or the nontargeted shCTRL (sc-108060, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA) was transfected into RKO or MDA-MB231 cells using Lipofectamine 2000 or RNAi MAX according to a previously reported protocol.36 .. Cell lysates were prepared using RIPA lysis buffer (89900, Thermo Fisher Scientific, UK),35 and the protein concentration was estimated via the Bradford method.



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    96
    Santa Cruz Biotechnology sequence
    a Schematic <t>of</t> <t>Gck</t> virogenetic <t>shRNA</t> or control shRNA silencing surgery in the major taste fields of the tongue. b Schematic of brief access taste test of maltose and sucrose in lickometer. c Mean (±SEM) lick score of 0.316M, 0.56M, 1.1M maltose and sucrose in control (n=11) and GCK KD (n=12) TRPM5+. d Mean lick scores averaged across concentration for control and GCK KD TRPM5+ (11-12/group). e Mean (±SEM) 0.316M, 0.56M, 1.1M maltose and sucrose in control (n=10) and GCK KD (n=11) TRPM5-. f Mean lick scores averaged across concentration for control and GCK KD TRPM5- (10-11/group). g Mean relative transcript expression of Mgam for B6 (n=8), TRPM5+ (n=8) and TRPM5- (n=9). h Mean (±SEM) relative MGAM transcript for B6 sugar naïve (n=2), glucose experience (n=5), fructose experience (n=6), or glucose + fructose experience(n=5). (*:p<0.05, **:p<0.01,***:p<0.001,****:p<0.0001). All tests were conducted in the Davis Rig. Statistical Analysis are in Supplementary Table 3.
    Sequence, supplied by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/control+shrna+sequence/Control+shRNA+Plasmid-A/pm41482108-66-7-9
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    95
    OriGene nontargeting scrambled sequence
    a Schematic <t>of</t> <t>Gck</t> virogenetic <t>shRNA</t> or control shRNA silencing surgery in the major taste fields of the tongue. b Schematic of brief access taste test of maltose and sucrose in lickometer. c Mean (±SEM) lick score of 0.316M, 0.56M, 1.1M maltose and sucrose in control (n=11) and GCK KD (n=12) TRPM5+. d Mean lick scores averaged across concentration for control and GCK KD TRPM5+ (11-12/group). e Mean (±SEM) 0.316M, 0.56M, 1.1M maltose and sucrose in control (n=10) and GCK KD (n=11) TRPM5-. f Mean lick scores averaged across concentration for control and GCK KD TRPM5- (10-11/group). g Mean relative transcript expression of Mgam for B6 (n=8), TRPM5+ (n=8) and TRPM5- (n=9). h Mean (±SEM) relative MGAM transcript for B6 sugar naïve (n=2), glucose experience (n=5), fructose experience (n=6), or glucose + fructose experience(n=5). (*:p<0.05, **:p<0.01,***:p<0.001,****:p<0.0001). All tests were conducted in the Davis Rig. Statistical Analysis are in Supplementary Table 3.
    Nontargeting Scrambled Sequence, supplied by OriGene, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/control+shrna+sequence/Scrambled+shRNA+control+in+pRS+shRNA+Vector/pmc12597818-208-9-15
    Average 95 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    nontargeting scrambled sequence - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
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    86
    Sangon Biotech control scramble shrna shnc sequences
    a Schematic <t>of</t> <t>Gck</t> virogenetic <t>shRNA</t> or control shRNA silencing surgery in the major taste fields of the tongue. b Schematic of brief access taste test of maltose and sucrose in lickometer. c Mean (±SEM) lick score of 0.316M, 0.56M, 1.1M maltose and sucrose in control (n=11) and GCK KD (n=12) TRPM5+. d Mean lick scores averaged across concentration for control and GCK KD TRPM5+ (11-12/group). e Mean (±SEM) 0.316M, 0.56M, 1.1M maltose and sucrose in control (n=10) and GCK KD (n=11) TRPM5-. f Mean lick scores averaged across concentration for control and GCK KD TRPM5- (10-11/group). g Mean relative transcript expression of Mgam for B6 (n=8), TRPM5+ (n=8) and TRPM5- (n=9). h Mean (±SEM) relative MGAM transcript for B6 sugar naïve (n=2), glucose experience (n=5), fructose experience (n=6), or glucose + fructose experience(n=5). (*:p<0.05, **:p<0.01,***:p<0.001,****:p<0.0001). All tests were conducted in the Davis Rig. Statistical Analysis are in Supplementary Table 3.
    Control Scramble Shrna Shnc Sequences, supplied by Sangon Biotech, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/control+shrna+sequence/shnc/pm40974490-54-12-20
    Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
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    95
    MedChemExpress sirna sequences
    a Schematic <t>of</t> <t>Gck</t> virogenetic <t>shRNA</t> or control shRNA silencing surgery in the major taste fields of the tongue. b Schematic of brief access taste test of maltose and sucrose in lickometer. c Mean (±SEM) lick score of 0.316M, 0.56M, 1.1M maltose and sucrose in control (n=11) and GCK KD (n=12) TRPM5+. d Mean lick scores averaged across concentration for control and GCK KD TRPM5+ (11-12/group). e Mean (±SEM) 0.316M, 0.56M, 1.1M maltose and sucrose in control (n=10) and GCK KD (n=11) TRPM5-. f Mean lick scores averaged across concentration for control and GCK KD TRPM5- (10-11/group). g Mean relative transcript expression of Mgam for B6 (n=8), TRPM5+ (n=8) and TRPM5- (n=9). h Mean (±SEM) relative MGAM transcript for B6 sugar naïve (n=2), glucose experience (n=5), fructose experience (n=6), or glucose + fructose experience(n=5). (*:p<0.05, **:p<0.01,***:p<0.001,****:p<0.0001). All tests were conducted in the Davis Rig. Statistical Analysis are in Supplementary Table 3.
    Sirna Sequences, supplied by MedChemExpress, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/control+shrna+sequence/SiRNA+Negative+Control/pm40641109-104-1-45
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    90
    Genechem lentiviral particles carrying shrnas targeting pgc-1α or control sequences
    a Schematic <t>of</t> <t>Gck</t> virogenetic <t>shRNA</t> or control shRNA silencing surgery in the major taste fields of the tongue. b Schematic of brief access taste test of maltose and sucrose in lickometer. c Mean (±SEM) lick score of 0.316M, 0.56M, 1.1M maltose and sucrose in control (n=11) and GCK KD (n=12) TRPM5+. d Mean lick scores averaged across concentration for control and GCK KD TRPM5+ (11-12/group). e Mean (±SEM) 0.316M, 0.56M, 1.1M maltose and sucrose in control (n=10) and GCK KD (n=11) TRPM5-. f Mean lick scores averaged across concentration for control and GCK KD TRPM5- (10-11/group). g Mean relative transcript expression of Mgam for B6 (n=8), TRPM5+ (n=8) and TRPM5- (n=9). h Mean (±SEM) relative MGAM transcript for B6 sugar naïve (n=2), glucose experience (n=5), fructose experience (n=6), or glucose + fructose experience(n=5). (*:p<0.05, **:p<0.01,***:p<0.001,****:p<0.0001). All tests were conducted in the Davis Rig. Statistical Analysis are in Supplementary Table 3.
    Lentiviral Particles Carrying Shrnas Targeting Pgc 1α Or Control Sequences, supplied by Genechem, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/control+shrna+sequence/pgc+1%CE%B1+lentivirus/pmc12089889-93-7-12
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    Shanghai GenePharma shrna sequences targeting mettl16 and pparγ, and non-targeting negative control (sh-nc)
    a Schematic <t>of</t> <t>Gck</t> virogenetic <t>shRNA</t> or control shRNA silencing surgery in the major taste fields of the tongue. b Schematic of brief access taste test of maltose and sucrose in lickometer. c Mean (±SEM) lick score of 0.316M, 0.56M, 1.1M maltose and sucrose in control (n=11) and GCK KD (n=12) TRPM5+. d Mean lick scores averaged across concentration for control and GCK KD TRPM5+ (11-12/group). e Mean (±SEM) 0.316M, 0.56M, 1.1M maltose and sucrose in control (n=10) and GCK KD (n=11) TRPM5-. f Mean lick scores averaged across concentration for control and GCK KD TRPM5- (10-11/group). g Mean relative transcript expression of Mgam for B6 (n=8), TRPM5+ (n=8) and TRPM5- (n=9). h Mean (±SEM) relative MGAM transcript for B6 sugar naïve (n=2), glucose experience (n=5), fructose experience (n=6), or glucose + fructose experience(n=5). (*:p<0.05, **:p<0.01,***:p<0.001,****:p<0.0001). All tests were conducted in the Davis Rig. Statistical Analysis are in Supplementary Table 3.
    Shrna Sequences Targeting Mettl16 And Pparγ, And Non Targeting Negative Control (Sh Nc), supplied by Shanghai GenePharma, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/control+shrna+sequence/shrna+sequences+targeting+mettl16+and+ppar%CE%B3++and+non+targeting+negative+control++sh+nc+/pm40210616-115-5-16
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    Image Search Results


    a Schematic of Gck virogenetic shRNA or control shRNA silencing surgery in the major taste fields of the tongue. b Schematic of brief access taste test of maltose and sucrose in lickometer. c Mean (±SEM) lick score of 0.316M, 0.56M, 1.1M maltose and sucrose in control (n=11) and GCK KD (n=12) TRPM5+. d Mean lick scores averaged across concentration for control and GCK KD TRPM5+ (11-12/group). e Mean (±SEM) 0.316M, 0.56M, 1.1M maltose and sucrose in control (n=10) and GCK KD (n=11) TRPM5-. f Mean lick scores averaged across concentration for control and GCK KD TRPM5- (10-11/group). g Mean relative transcript expression of Mgam for B6 (n=8), TRPM5+ (n=8) and TRPM5- (n=9). h Mean (±SEM) relative MGAM transcript for B6 sugar naïve (n=2), glucose experience (n=5), fructose experience (n=6), or glucose + fructose experience(n=5). (*:p<0.05, **:p<0.01,***:p<0.001,****:p<0.0001). All tests were conducted in the Davis Rig. Statistical Analysis are in Supplementary Table 3.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: An enzymatic–metabolic sensing axis in taste cells detects glucose-yielding carbohydrates

    doi: 10.64898/2026.03.13.710876

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a Schematic of Gck virogenetic shRNA or control shRNA silencing surgery in the major taste fields of the tongue. b Schematic of brief access taste test of maltose and sucrose in lickometer. c Mean (±SEM) lick score of 0.316M, 0.56M, 1.1M maltose and sucrose in control (n=11) and GCK KD (n=12) TRPM5+. d Mean lick scores averaged across concentration for control and GCK KD TRPM5+ (11-12/group). e Mean (±SEM) 0.316M, 0.56M, 1.1M maltose and sucrose in control (n=10) and GCK KD (n=11) TRPM5-. f Mean lick scores averaged across concentration for control and GCK KD TRPM5- (10-11/group). g Mean relative transcript expression of Mgam for B6 (n=8), TRPM5+ (n=8) and TRPM5- (n=9). h Mean (±SEM) relative MGAM transcript for B6 sugar naïve (n=2), glucose experience (n=5), fructose experience (n=6), or glucose + fructose experience(n=5). (*:p<0.05, **:p<0.01,***:p<0.001,****:p<0.0001). All tests were conducted in the Davis Rig. Statistical Analysis are in Supplementary Table 3.

    Article Snippet: Briefly, mice were anesthetized with isoflurane (5% induction rate; 2-3% maintenance rate, as needed) to receive a scrambled sequence shRNA (Control, sc-108080, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), GCK shRNA (sc-35459-V, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), or Maltase-Glucoamylase shRNA (m) (sc-75741-V, Santa Cruz Biotechnology).

    Techniques: shRNA, Control, Concentration Assay, Expressing

    a Schematic of control and Mgam virogenetic shRNA silencing surgery in the major taste fields of the tongue. b Mean relative transcript expression of Mgam, Gck, and Tas1r3 in control (n= 4) and MGAM KD (n=4) in TRPM5+ mice c Schematic of burst structure (period of continuous licks separated by <1s) and time frame d Schematic of 300 lick test of 0.6M maltose in lickometer. e Schematical graph showing relationship between burst size and hedonic value. f Mean (±SEM) burst size, burst number, total licks for 300 lick test in control (n=3) and MGAM KD (n=3) in TRPM5+ mice (*:p<0.05). All tests were conducted in the gustometer. Statistical Analysis are in .

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: An enzymatic–metabolic sensing axis in taste cells detects glucose-yielding carbohydrates

    doi: 10.64898/2026.03.13.710876

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a Schematic of control and Mgam virogenetic shRNA silencing surgery in the major taste fields of the tongue. b Mean relative transcript expression of Mgam, Gck, and Tas1r3 in control (n= 4) and MGAM KD (n=4) in TRPM5+ mice c Schematic of burst structure (period of continuous licks separated by <1s) and time frame d Schematic of 300 lick test of 0.6M maltose in lickometer. e Schematical graph showing relationship between burst size and hedonic value. f Mean (±SEM) burst size, burst number, total licks for 300 lick test in control (n=3) and MGAM KD (n=3) in TRPM5+ mice (*:p<0.05). All tests were conducted in the gustometer. Statistical Analysis are in .

    Article Snippet: Briefly, mice were anesthetized with isoflurane (5% induction rate; 2-3% maintenance rate, as needed) to receive a scrambled sequence shRNA (Control, sc-108080, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), GCK shRNA (sc-35459-V, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), or Maltase-Glucoamylase shRNA (m) (sc-75741-V, Santa Cruz Biotechnology).

    Techniques: Control, shRNA, Expressing

    a Schematic depicting T1R2+T1R3 sweet receptor transgenic knockout mouse. b Mean transcript expression of Gck and Mgam for sugar naive (n=4) and sugar exposed (n=4) T1RKO. c Schematic of control and Mgam virogenetic shRNA silencing surgery in the major taste fields of the tongue. d Schematic of brief access taste test of maltose and sucrose in lickometer. e Block 1 mean (±SEM) lick scores for 0.316M, 0.56M, 1.1M maltose and sucrose in control (n=5) and MGAM KD (n=5) T1RKO. f Mean lick scores averaged across concentration for control and MGAM KD for first block (5/group). g Schematic of brief access taste test of glucose and fructose in lickometer. h First block mean (±SEM) lick scores for 0.316M, 0.56M, 1.1M glucose and fructose in control (n=6) and MGAM KD (n=5) T1RKO. i First block glucose and fructose mean lick scores averaged across concentration for control (n=6) and MGAM KD (n=5) T1RKO. All tests were conducted in the Davis Rig. (*:p<0.05, **:p<0.01, ***:p<0.001, ****:p<0.0001). Statistical Analysis are in Supplementary Table 7.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: An enzymatic–metabolic sensing axis in taste cells detects glucose-yielding carbohydrates

    doi: 10.64898/2026.03.13.710876

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a Schematic depicting T1R2+T1R3 sweet receptor transgenic knockout mouse. b Mean transcript expression of Gck and Mgam for sugar naive (n=4) and sugar exposed (n=4) T1RKO. c Schematic of control and Mgam virogenetic shRNA silencing surgery in the major taste fields of the tongue. d Schematic of brief access taste test of maltose and sucrose in lickometer. e Block 1 mean (±SEM) lick scores for 0.316M, 0.56M, 1.1M maltose and sucrose in control (n=5) and MGAM KD (n=5) T1RKO. f Mean lick scores averaged across concentration for control and MGAM KD for first block (5/group). g Schematic of brief access taste test of glucose and fructose in lickometer. h First block mean (±SEM) lick scores for 0.316M, 0.56M, 1.1M glucose and fructose in control (n=6) and MGAM KD (n=5) T1RKO. i First block glucose and fructose mean lick scores averaged across concentration for control (n=6) and MGAM KD (n=5) T1RKO. All tests were conducted in the Davis Rig. (*:p<0.05, **:p<0.01, ***:p<0.001, ****:p<0.0001). Statistical Analysis are in Supplementary Table 7.

    Article Snippet: Briefly, mice were anesthetized with isoflurane (5% induction rate; 2-3% maintenance rate, as needed) to receive a scrambled sequence shRNA (Control, sc-108080, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), GCK shRNA (sc-35459-V, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), or Maltase-Glucoamylase shRNA (m) (sc-75741-V, Santa Cruz Biotechnology).

    Techniques: Transgenic Assay, Knock-Out, Expressing, Control, shRNA, Blocking Assay, Concentration Assay

    a Schematic showing control, Gck, and Mgam virogenetic shRNA silencing surgery in the major taste fields of the tongue. b Schematic of 1000 lick test of mixed nutrient solution (Peptamen) in lickometer for pre-surgery and post-surgery. c Mean total licks for 1000 lick test in control, GCK KD, MGAM KD pre-test vs post-test. d Mean meal duration for 1000 lick test in control, GCK KD, MGAM KD pre-test vs post-test. e Mean burst size for 1000 lick test in control, GCK KD, MGAM KD pre-test vs post-test. f Mean burst number for 1000 lick test in control, GCK KD, MGAM KD pre-test vs post-test. g Mean (±SEM) cumulative first 15 burst size for 1000 lick test in control, GCK KD, MGAM KD pre-test vs post-test. (n=12/group for all tests) (*:p<0.05, **:p<0.01, ***:p<0.001, ****:p<0.0001). All tests were conducted in the gustometer. Statistical Analysis are in Supplementary Table 8.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: An enzymatic–metabolic sensing axis in taste cells detects glucose-yielding carbohydrates

    doi: 10.64898/2026.03.13.710876

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a Schematic showing control, Gck, and Mgam virogenetic shRNA silencing surgery in the major taste fields of the tongue. b Schematic of 1000 lick test of mixed nutrient solution (Peptamen) in lickometer for pre-surgery and post-surgery. c Mean total licks for 1000 lick test in control, GCK KD, MGAM KD pre-test vs post-test. d Mean meal duration for 1000 lick test in control, GCK KD, MGAM KD pre-test vs post-test. e Mean burst size for 1000 lick test in control, GCK KD, MGAM KD pre-test vs post-test. f Mean burst number for 1000 lick test in control, GCK KD, MGAM KD pre-test vs post-test. g Mean (±SEM) cumulative first 15 burst size for 1000 lick test in control, GCK KD, MGAM KD pre-test vs post-test. (n=12/group for all tests) (*:p<0.05, **:p<0.01, ***:p<0.001, ****:p<0.0001). All tests were conducted in the gustometer. Statistical Analysis are in Supplementary Table 8.

    Article Snippet: Briefly, mice were anesthetized with isoflurane (5% induction rate; 2-3% maintenance rate, as needed) to receive a scrambled sequence shRNA (Control, sc-108080, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), GCK shRNA (sc-35459-V, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), or Maltase-Glucoamylase shRNA (m) (sc-75741-V, Santa Cruz Biotechnology).

    Techniques: Control, shRNA